Reproduction Of Capital Research Articles

ВТРАТИ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ ВНАСЛІДОК ВІЙНИ ЯК ЗАГРОЗА ПОВОЄННІЙ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

Проаналізовано втрати людського капіталу в умовах війни в контексті загроз повоєнному відновленню економіки України. Обґрунтовано пріоритетну роль людського капіталу в модернізації сучасної економіки й забезпеченні економічного зростання. Досліджено витоки цивілізаційного конфлікту між Україною і Росією, який у 2022 р. переріс у розв’язану РФ повномасштабну війну, яка загрожує існуванню Української держави і нації. Систематизовано ризики війни для відтворення людського капіталу за основними аспектами його формування: збереження здоров’я і життя, підтримка нормального функціонування родини, збереження і функціонування соціальної інфраструктури, умов і можливостей реалізації людського капіталу. Висвітлено втрати людського капіталу України внаслідок гібридної війни на її території протягом 2014––2021 рр., які призвели до великих втрат ВВП, значного зменшення чисельності населення, масової вимушеної внутрішньої міграції і суттєвого скорочення інвестицій у людський розвиток. Зроблено аналіз поточної ситуації відтворення ЛК в умовах повномасштабної війни РФ проти України 2022 р. Досліджено канали основних втрат ЛК: демографічні втрати населення; звуження сфери зайнятості, що обмежує використання сформованих продуктивних здібностей робочої сили; руйнування освітньої інфраструктури, яка є критичною для формування людських активів; загрози потенційних втрат ЛК від вимушеної зовнішньої міграції. Висвітлено стан національного ринку праці, перспективну потребу повоєнної економіки у висококваліфікованих фахівцях. Проаналізовано наслідки втрат людського капіталу для можливостей кадрового забезпечення повоєнного відновлення і модернізації економіки. Визначено пріоритетні завдання й заходи із збереження і нагромадження людського капіталу України у воєнний і повоєнний періоди.

Моделирование влияния факторов развития промышленности на реиндустриализацию экономики США

Introduction. In the context of deglobalization and regionalization of the world economy, the leading country of modern neo-capitalism, the United States of America, is modernizing the national industrial system, using internal and external factors of innovation and technological development. The subject of the study is the assessment of the impact of industrial production development factors observed in the United States in the 2010s on the reindustrialization of the country’s economy (in comparison with the previous decade). The empirical confirmation of the phenomenon of reindustrialization as a strategic basis for the development of the American economy seems to be topical. Theoretical analysis. Based on the cyclic, wave nature of the economic development of the world-system, the “center” of which is the United States, the author identifies two conceptual provisions that conditionally express external and internal contradictions, the solution of which objectively pushes the United States towards reindustrialization. Accordingly, the first one is connected with the growing competition in the world market from the countries that “ride” the new technological wave, and the second one is connected with the solution of the problems of national technological security through the NBIC convergence of industrial production. Empirical analysis. Identification and substantiation of the influence of factors in the development of American industry on the reindustrialization of the US economy is possible through economic and mathematical modeling, the basis of which is the method of principal components. The modeling includes a comparison of linear combinations of the initial factors of the development of American industry over certain periods of time, conditionally divided into two cyclical waves, which qualitatively characterize the multidirectional dynamics of the US industrial mesoeconomic system in the 2000s and 2010s. Results. The difference in the degree of influence of each of the selected factors, estimated by specific indicators of the US industrial development and modeled within a certain cyclical wave, is revealed. At the same time, the total influence of the considered factors of the development of American industry on the reindustrialization of the US economy can be considered generally unidirectional. This testifies, first of all, to the phenomenal nature of reindustrialization “Americanstyle” as a natural objective consequence of the cyclic-wave nature of the process of capitalist reproduction, which at the beginning of the 21st century is at the forefront of a change in technological patterns. In addition, the objective process of re-industrial modernization, confirmed by the empirical data of the simulation, includes a subjective component in the form of increased state influence on the technologization of the industrial sector of the economy through the use of funds from the financial and speculative sphere and protectionist measures in foreign trade.

Social infrastructure as a factor of sustainable development of the territory

Social infrastructure plays an important role in creating conditions to meet the material and spiritual needs of the population, the reproduction of human capital, the integrated development of the territory. The subject of the research is the social infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to show the role of social infrastructure as a factor of sustainable development of the territory. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: to identify the essence and structure of social infrastructure, to show its role in the world economy and individual countries, to consider the main functions of social infrastructure. The following methods were used: descriptive, comparative to identify the essence of social infrastructure, analysis and synthesis to characterize its role in the world economy and individual countries, the system approach – to characterize the functions of social infrastructure in the sustainable development of the territory. The results obtained: it is revealed that currently there is no consensus definition of the category "social infrastructure" and its composition; it is shown that the traditional types of services are replenished by new services; the reproductive functions of social infrastructure are characterized. Conclusions: social infrastructure is actively developing in the world, which makes a significant contribution to GDP and employment of the population, sustainable development of the territory. However, the level of its development depends on a number of internal and external factors. It is necessary to develop an effective policy of social infrastructure development in each country of the world and its subregions.

Regulating Improvement: Industrial Water Pollution, White Settler Authority, and Capitalist Reproduction in the St. Clair–Detroit River Corridor, 1945–1972

This article explores the postwar racialization of socionatural metabolisms as Michigan consolidated its capacities to regulate water pollution in the St. Clair–Detroit River corridor. These unceded waters flow through the traditional territories of the Ojibwe, Odawa, Potawatomi, Mississauga, and Wyandot nations, as well as the heavily industrialized, urbanized, and racially segregated geographies of southeast Michigan. Drawing on archival records, I examine discursive constructions of White settler and Indigenous water metabolisms that coarticulated with Michigan’s growing concern that unchecked water pollution posed a metabolic barrier to industrial manufacturing. I situate these representations against the state’s emerging objective to reconcile two interconnected forms of waste: (1) the material degradation of water attributed to Michigan’s advanced capitalist economy, and (2) the wasted economic potential long used to denigrate Indigenous societies that “failed” to extract capitalist value from nature. This case study demonstrates how Michigan’s discursive approach to managing a potential crisis of capitalist reproduction also reconfigured the logic of improvement as the racial and economic basis for settler colonial authority over nature. “Improving” nature was not only about facilitating access to nature for capitalist production, but reproducing—indefinitely—the ecological conditions on which capitalist production relied. This article builds on two lines of inquiry in critical geographic scholarship exploring mutually constitutive relationships between race and socionatural metabolisms, and between settler colonialism and environmental degradation, to interrogate the postwar discourses flowing through water management in southeast Michigan, a region where water remains at the center of multiple racialized dispossessions and their ongoing contestation.

Mészáros’ Structural Limits to Capital and the Limits to the War on China

Critical Political Economy analysts have addressed the similarities between the US–China hegemonic confrontation as contemporary parallels to previous global rivalries which led to open conflict. Noticing the distinctive patterns through which the capitalist crisis presented itself, István Mészáros proposed a theoretical elaboration linking the overproduction characteristic of the crisis to the material conditions presented by capitalist reproduction within a limited biosphere and with concrete, existing human beings. Capitalism, thus, could not be reformed away from its own physical limits. This paper’s objective is to offer a partial re-interpretation of Mészáros’ 1980s thesis on the Structural Limits to Capital. This paper looks at the developments of nuclear warfare, addressing the contradiction between the necessity of war as a means for the disposal of exceeding capital and the existence of nuclear weapons as a structural limit itself. This is done in a way to propose an addition to Mészáros’ list of four limits stressed out as core contradictions to capital reproduction, which enacted in the 1970s the structural capitalist crisis that continues to this day.

SOCIAL POLICY OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES AS A MEANS OF REPRODUCING HUMAN CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS

Introduction. The most important task of the current stage of the country's social and economic development is the formation of a goal-oriented social policy aimed at the interests of citizens, aimed at creating conditions that ensure a sufficient level of quality of life and free human development, reducing social inequality, increasing the income of the population, ensuring the general availability and acceptable quality of basic social services. In essence, it is about solving a strategic problem – improving the quality of life of the country's population, which is especially relevant for residents of rural areas, since the solution to the problems of stable economic development and improvement of the population's well-being in Ukraine is largely determined by the development of rural areas. Methods. General scientific and special methods of economic research were used in the process of conducting research, in particular: systemic approach − when studying the connections between phenomena and processes in the system of ensuring the reproduction of human capital in rural areas; statistical analysis − when determining the tendency of reproduction of the country's rural population; comparative − to compare the social and economic conditions of reproduction of human capital in rural areas; dialectical, abstract and logical − for theoretical generalizations and the formation of conclusions. Results. The directions for improving the conditions for the formation and development of human capital in rural areas in a strategic perspective are substantiated: improvement of the living environment of the rural population; ensuring demographic growth in rural areas; improving the quality of educational services in the countryside; receiving timely and high-quality medical care; ensuring a high level of wages; integration of the rural population into the knowledge-based economy. The strategic development of rural areas and rural society should be based on the preservation of traditional culture and its reproduction, preservation of national origins and religious traditions, which ensure social, professional and cultural self-identification of individuals in the conditions of decentralization of rural communities. Discussion. The proposed measures can be used in the development of strategies for the social and economic development of rural united territorial communities in the context of the decentralization process. In the conditions of the post-war revival of Ukraine, the role of united territorial communities in the revival of the settlement network and stimulation of the return of the population through the restoration of social infrastructure facilities and the creation of additional jobs, in particular through self-employment, will be strengthened, which is promising for our further research. Keywords: human capital, social policy, decentralization, united territorial community, social infrastructure.

Formation of human capital in the real economy sector: ecosystem approach

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to substantiate the ecosystem approach to managing the interaction of an enterprise with educational and other organizations to provide it with the necessary human capital.Methods: this article is based on an ecosystem approach. A resource approach was used to substantiate the advantages of the professional and educational ecosystem. The method of situational analysis is used. The questionnaire method made it possible to evaluate the results of the ecosystem of a particular enterprise based on the expert`s opinion. The assessment of the structural model of management of the professional and educational ecosystem was carried out using correlation analysis.Results: the possibilities of an ecosystem approach to the formation of new organizational forms of interaction between subjects of the real sector of the economy and the education system in a dynamically changing external environment are shown. The content of the vocational education ecosystem is revealed as a kind of socio-economic, the key features of which are the specific composition of subjects and a special goal (creation of joint value) – reproduction of the enterprise human capital. The key objects of management of the vocational education ecosystem are highlighted: resources, processes, results and interaction of participants. An algorithm for evaluating the management system of the vocational education ecosystem of the enterprise is presented. The experience of the vocational education ecosystem of a knowledge-intensive enterprise is analyzed and practical recommendations for its development are given.Conclusions and Relevance: the approach to the management of the vocational education ecosystem through the analysis of key objects considered in the article has practical significance and allows us to give concrete practical recommendations for its improvement. Based on the results of the analysis of the objects of management of the vocational education ecosystem of the machine-building enterprise, the need to strengthen the relationship of enterprises with educational organizations that form the basis of human capital has been established. The key advantage of the vocational education ecosystem of the enterprise is the unhindered accessibility for employees of the enterprise in advanced training, the implementation of the principle of lifelong learning.

Financing of the Healthcare System as an Element of Ensuring the Economic Security of the Region

The issues of assessing the state of economic security, considered at the theoretical and methodological level, imply the existence of a developed system of criteria and indicators that characterize certain aspects of security of the socio-economic system. Among the most important areas of assessing the economic security of the region, characterizing the state of human capital, is the level of medical care. The main requirement for the quality and volume of medical services is compliance with the necessary dynamics of the natural reproduction of human capital. The research revealed the necessity and possibility of modeling the situation of transformation of the economic mechanism of financing of the regional health system, providing the required level of economic security based on the sufficiency of financing of the health sector. The concept of the design of economic mechanisms served as a theoretical basis for the formation of a model for assessing the prerequisites for the transformation of the mechanism of regional economic security.

ОБЛИЦИ СЕКСУАЛНОГ КАПИТАЛА: ЧЕТИРИ КАТЕГОРИЈЕ

It is not nature that determines our ideas about sexuality, but society. Whereas it was religion that regulated sex in the past, today it is the economy. No wonder, then, that “sexual” or “erotic capital” has become a common metaphor in sociology, gender studies, sexology and even in everyday language to describe the motives and consequences of practices to increase sexual attractiveness, for example. The authors defend the concept of sexual capital as an analytical category, but make it more complex and free it from gender clichés as well as from rationalist and identitypolitical short-cuts. They show that sexual capital can take different, historically conditioned forms, which at times also coexist. Their main focus is on the specifics of neoliberal sexuality, which is accompanied by its very own kind of sexual capital, which has long since been circulating not only in the sphere of private intimate relations, but in the entire sphere of capitalist reproduction. Sexual freedom embodies self-realization in modern western societies. Viewing it as capital allows to recognize the alienation of women’s sexual capacities in the economy. In late modernity, it is also the capacity, unequally distributed, of individuals to gain self-confidence. From this perspective, the question of class and gender hierarchies consequently appears in a new light.

Social reproduction as the reproduction of capitalism

Focaal’s recent Forum discussion, prompted by Jan Newberry and Rachel Rosen’s (2020) “Women and children together and apart: Finding the time for social reproduction theory,” takes a fresh view on finance capitalism by foregrounding its unlikeliest of actors: children. Children usually feature in scholarship as objects of care and investment in future goals that are not their own, rather than as the active building blocks of society. Indeed, their very positioning as children implies their nonagency. The authors in this Forum offer alternative understandings of children’s agency, and of the price of its retraction, as a lens into the workings of contemporary capitalism.

Correlation analysis of institutional factors of unemployment trends in Russia

Subject. The article addresses unemployment, supply and demand in the labor market of the Russian Federation. Objectives. We analyze the institutional nature of unemployment in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of vertical, horizontal, institutional, graphic, and comparative analysis. Results. The exploration of institutional factors of the Russian labor market enabled to formulate its main feature, i.e. low level of unemployment with low wages. Conclusions. The quality of workforce will fundamentally improve the situation of the employed population in Russia and increase incomes of specialists in accordance with the socio-economic conditions for expanded reproduction of human capital.

Extractivist States: Contesting and Negotiating the “Commodities Consensus” in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Across Latin America

Extractivist States: Contesting and Negotiating the “Commodities Consensus” in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Across Latin America

Confronting global infrastructural capitalism: the triple logic of the 'vanguard' and its inevitable spatial and class contradictions in China's high-speed rail program

ABSTRACT We take infrastructure as a ‘keyword’ in foregrounding the production and the reproduction of contemporary capitalism as well as its complexities and contradictions. To tease out the capitalist dynamics of the contemporary moment as infrastructural capitalism, this paper moves beyond a dichotomous constellation of the logic of capital and the territorial logic of power, to argue how a triple logic- capital, power, and culture informs the cultural politics, attempting to simultaneously resolve the economic crisis and glorify China’s fast-speed capitalism. As the vanguard of Chinese infrastructural politics, the high-speed rail spearheads the Chinese spatial economic system towards one that is not an alternative to capitalism but, at best, a variegated form of moving capitalism, which we call infrastructural capitalism. Illuminating the political role of the infrastructural projects in creating invisible social contradictions, this article highlights a wide array of affected working-class masses who take individual and collective actions that result in the reversion of ‘the vanguard’, dissolving the condensation of the materiality of infrastructural capitalism into the global assemblage of unpredictable but inescapable contradictions driving China into global imperial rivalries and class conflicts. (178 words)

Methodological Approach to Planning and Financing the Fixed Capital Reproduction for Sustainable Development of the Fishing Industry

The article presents the results of scientific and research work on the creation of a methodological approach to the analysis of fixed capital reproduction for fishing enterprises. This study is relevant due to the fact that the fishery complex of the Russian Federation is currently called upon to provide a solution to many political and economic problems, which, in particular, include transition to an innovative type of industrial production, provision of food security, as well as maintenance of a favorable state of aquatic biological resources. Due to this industry's high capital intensity, the issues of choosing a methodology that make it possible to rationally control the fixed capital reproduction of fishing enterprises become especially important, which is likely based on an analysis of existing methods that allow planning these processes. The advantages of the developed methodological approach include the establishment of uniform methodological principles used to determine the economic efficiency of investments, new equipment, inventions and rationalization proposals, more accurate consideration of the time factor concerning the determination of the integral economic effect (for the entire service life of labor means), as well as the factor time by bringing one-time and ongoing costs for the creation and implementation of new and necessary equipment and the results of their application to one point in time (the beginning of the accounting year). The article includes the main advantages and disadvantages of financing the reproduction processes possible ways.

Dynamics of Spatial Inequality in the Development of us Healthcare and State Regional Policy

One of the key aspects that reveals the essence of the uneven distribution of social benefits in economically developed countries is the dynamics of spatial inequality that has been characteristic of the US healthcare sector for many decades. The results of an empirical study of this inequality as a dynamic process with the properties of historicism, carried out by decomposition of the Theil index according to the intragroup and intergroup characteristics of the corresponding groups of indicators, indicate an increase in the polarization of territories in terms of the provision of the population with medical benefits. Given the organizational and economic inconsistency in the health care of American citizens and the predominance of the spontaneous and commercial nature of free pricing in the relevant markets of American medical goods and services, the center-peripheral spatial structure of inequality in the development of US health care, traditional for capitalist reproduction, is confirmed.The objective nature of the long-term formation of such a structure is complemented by the subjective factor of state regional regulation of health care in the subregional and transregional sections, through the implementation of differently directed typologically relevant policies – from traditional and proactive to selective. It is shown that not only the economic situation, but also the socio-political and ideological expediency are the subjects that determine the tools for activating, polarizing, stimulating or restraining the development of healthcare in specific areas of the United States.

Uncovering the City of London Corporation: Territory and temporalities in the new state capitalism

The heterogenous literature on the ‘new state capitalism’ has provoked considerable academic and popular interest in recent years, but also critique regarding how to analytically bolster the concept and enhance empirical understanding. This paper responds to Alami and Dixon’s (2020a , 2020b ) call for a fresh interrogation of the new state capitalism through an examination of the governance of the City of London. As the largest exporter of financial services in the world, the City plays a crucial role in the reproduction of financial capitalism. However, one major deficiency in debates on the political governance of the City surrounds the role of sub-state institutions. Remarkably, with limited exceptions, we know comparatively little about the main municipal authority: the City of London Corporation. As a local governing body, it conducts all the ordinary work of a public authority. But the Corporation also has many peculiar features which distinguish it from other public institutions, including vigorous support of financial services through planning law, lobbying and other promotion. This paper argues that thinking on the new state capitalism offers a vehicle for dissecting how the Corporation operates in the service of transnational financial interests. By unpacking how the Corporation is tied into a web of relations with private finance and other historically developed networks of power, the discussion problematises two macro themes on the new state capitalism: the spatial complexity of multi-scalar state governance and the temporal fluidity of legacies of the past interpenetrating with the present definition of ‘now’.

Beyond the Language of Covid-19: Transformation of Social Discourse and Reproduction of Cultural Capital

The research draws on the concept of ‘cultural capital’ as well as assumptions of critical discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics to argue that the Covid-19 pandemic may be viewed as a global turning point. The article explores the context and the means that have facilitated the transformation of cultural capital during the coronavirus outbreak. The dramatic changes to culture have been successfully pushed through due to the public’s incessant exposure to institutionalized, governmental and mass media discourses, which have been urging people to adopt new communicative and cultural practices with a varying degree of argumentation and imposition. The changes entail reviewing social structure, spatial and relational stereotypes and standards, which in the long run transforms cultural capital. The global scope of the pandemic and the relatively identical regulations imposed by governments on their citizens generate a tentative tendency to cultural convergence: individuals are made to abandon their culture specific practices and values and adopt those that ensure physical survival. 
 
 Received: 8 September 2021 / Accepted: 16 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Wzrost kapitału ludzkiego jako strategiczny priorytet zrównoważonego rozwoju regionów

The main wealth of the country, its main strategic resource that can ensure political, economic, environmental, and spiritual growth, is human capital. Its intellectual, entrepreneurial, and productive potential, the ability to create and accumulate knowledge, implement it in the production of goods and services, develop unique technologies, invent new types of energy, materials, information, etc., is the engine of scientific and technological progress and innovative restructuring of the economy. Investment in human capital, in intelligence, in the health of the nation, in education and science, and in creating conditions for the normal functioning of everyone is a prerequisite not only for improving the quality of life of the people, but also for achieving the Millennium Goals and Sustainable Development Goals, advancing the country’s development, and its social and political stability. The research is aimed at developing theoretical, methodological, and practical provisions for the formation of strategic priorities for sustainable development of territories based on the reproduction of human capital. The theoretical basis was the available scientific works, certain provisions of normative legal acts, international framework documents, in particular from United Nations: Agenda 21 and the report Our Common Future, as well as local studies. The generalization of various scientific points of view regarding the category of human capital allowed us to establish that it is an integral part of its carrier, and therefore, it is proposed to understand as such a set of personal qualities of a person formed, developed, accumulated and preserved as a result of investments in productive abilities, personal qualities and motivational behavior of an individual, as well as the ability to develop and accumulate the necessary qualities that are in his property, which he uses in economic activities and which provides him with a corresponding income. The article substantiates the value of the category human capital for sustainable development. The territorial features of the reproduction of human capital are determined, based on which it is proposed to consider the region as space. It is proved that the reproduction of human capital occurs in the relationship and interdependence with the general periods of the life cycle of the generation, which served to distinguish the four phases of the reproduction of human capital. The architectonics of determining the strategic priorities of sustainable development of territories based on the reproduction of human capital, which is aimed at solving theoretical, methodological, and applied problems, is proposed.

ОЦЕНКА И ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ ЦИКЛА ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА КАПИТАЛА ЗДОРОВЬЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ

In the conditions of the modern innovative business environment, a person and his intellectual and physical potential affect the dynamics of many economic processes. In a general sense, most economists combine the designated component into a single category - health, on which the activity, education and professional development of its carrier depend. The formed health capital acts today as the foundation for the development of the human capital of the individual and the entire nation, respectively, its constant reproduction of vital is necessary for the economy of any country. Reproduction of health capital is, first of all, an investment process that has a cyclical-wave character, starting from the initiation stage and ending with the process of evaluating the result obtained. Such an approach to assessing the cycle of reproduction of health capital requires the development of a system of indicators for its assessment at each stage of its formation. The article substantiates the application of the concept of a cyclic-wave approach to the study and analysis of health capital and suggests a methodological approach that allows you to cover each stage of the life cycle of reproduction of health capital, to evaluate it, both at the stage of investment and at the stage of their payback. The novelty of the presented article consists in the systematization of groups of indicators of health capital, which allow to identify and evaluate the stages of reproduction of the life cycle of health capital. The practical approbation of the author's approach to the assessment and identification of the life cycle of health capital is based on the example of the assessment of the target indicators of the Russian economy. As a general result of the study, the advantages of the proposed methodological approach are identified, priority directions of socio-economic policy in the field of reproduction of health capital are identified.

Commentary: Theorising urban space

A reply to ... A critical Lefebvrian perspective on planning in relation to informal settlements in South Africa by Marie Huchzermeyer, published in Town and Regional Planning, 79, pp. 44-54. Henri Lefebvre’s prime contribution to theorising about society was to bring on board the concept of “space”, or perhaps more correctly, geography. Well into the 1940s Marxian analysis of capitalism remained wedded exclusively to time, that being the large-scale currents of change in history. The effect of urban and regional form, and its role in the reproduction of capitalism, received no mention because it complicated and fragmented Marxist analysis immeasurably. Unlike space, time can be treated as the same and regular, no matter where you are. Spatial structure differs significantly from one location to the next. Lefebvre’s was insistent, however, that no critique of capitalism is viable without incorporating the decisive role played by spatial form.