Capital Of Turkey Research Articles

Vehicle Delay Estimation at Signalized Intersections Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Accurate determination of average vehicle delays is significant for effective management of a signalized intersection. The vehicle delays can be determined by field studies, however, this approach is costly and time consuming. Analytical methods which are commonly utilized to estimate delay cannot generate accurate estimates, especially in oversaturated traffic flow conditions. Delay estimation models based on artificial intelligence have been presented in the literature in recent years to estimate the delay more accurately. However, the number of artificial/heuristic intelligence techniques utilized for vehicle delay estimation is limited in the literature. In this study, estimation models are developed using four different machine learning methods—support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), k nearest neighbor (kNN), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)—that have not previously been applied in the literature for vehicle delay estimation at signalized intersections. The models were tested with data collected from 12 signalized intersections located in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, and the performance of the models was revealed. The models were furthermore compared with successful delay models from the literature. The developed models, in particular the RF and XGBoost models, showed high performance in estimating the delay at signalized intersections under different traffic conditions. The results indicate that the delay estimation models based on the RF and XGBoost techniques can significantly contribute to both the literature and practice.

Clinical outcomes of Covid-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases and the effects of the pandemic on rheumatology outpatient care: A single-centre experience from Turkey.

The aim of the study was to detect the frequency and course of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) infection among our rheumatology outpatients and to investigate how patient follow-up differed during Covid-19 pandemic in a tertiary University Hospital in the capital of Turkey. Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) registered in our rheumatology clinic were assessed during their routine outpatient follow-up control or contacted via phone between July and December 2020. Patients' demographics, diagnosis, medication, comorbidities, frequency of going outside during the pandemic, work status, whether patients could attend their routine follow-up, treatment changes, access to drugs during the pandemic, and the incidence of Covid-19 infection were collected. A total of 320 patients with IRD were analysed; 114 (35.6%) patients were treated with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) (methotrexate/leflunomide/sulfasalazine), 93 (29.1%) patients with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs), 113 (35.3%) patients with glucocorticoids, and 103 (32.2%) patients with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). A total of 15.9% of patients on HCQ experienced problems in medication supply. Only 87 (27.2%) patients presented for their routine follow-up appointment, and 38 (11.9%) of the patients changed their treatment without professional health advice. While 53 (57%) patients on biological agents continued their treatment, 31 patients (33.3%) interrupted the treatment with doctor's recommendation and 9 patients (9.6%) on their initiative, and 23 of these 31 patients had to restart treatment because of disease activation. The nasopharyngeal swab collected from 30 patients with a suspected Covid-19 contact but without any symptoms was negative. In total, there were 33 patients diagnosed with Covid-19; none of whom had severe respiratory complications or death. Many patients with rheumatic diseases are left without disease monitoring during the pandemic. There was no increased risk of severe Covid-19 infection among patients with IRD.

Relationship between chest computed tomography findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicentre experience.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical and chest computed tomography (CT) features associated with clinical parameters for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the capital of Turkey, Ankara. Epidemiological, clinical features, laboratory findings and radiological characteristics of 1563 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in Ankara were collected, reviewed and analysed in this study. The risk factors associated with disease severity were investigated. Non-severe (1214; 77.7%) and severe cases (349; 22.3%) were enrolled in the study. Compared with the non-severe group, the severe group were significantly older and had more comorbidities (ie, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease). Smoking was more common in the severe group. Severe patients had higher respiratory rates and higher incidences of cough and dyspnoea compared with non-severe patients. Compared with the non-severe patients, the severe patients had increased C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CRP/albumin ratio and decreased albumin. The occurrence rates of consolidation, subpleural sparing, crazy-paving pattern, cavity, halo sign, reversed halo sign, air bronchogram, pleural thickening, micronodule, subpleural curvilinear line and multilobar and bilateral involvement in the CT finding of the severe patients were significantly higher than those of the non-severe patients. Many factors are related to the severity of COVID-19, which can help clinicians judge the severity of the patient and evaluate the prognosis. This cohort study revealed that male sex, age (≥55years), patients with any comorbidities, especially those with cardiovascular disease, dyspnoea, increased CRP, D-dimer and NLR, and decreased lymphocyte count and CT findings of consolidation and multilobar involvement were predictors of severe COVID-19.

The Characteristics of Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma in Ankara, the Capital of Turkey

The Characteristics of Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma in Ankara, the Capital of Turkey

Manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Which one is more effective during ambulance transport?

OBJECTIVES:Although studies in the field of emergency medical services (EMS) generally compare survival and hospital discharge rates, there are not many studies measuring the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In this study, we aimed to compare the mechanical chest compression device and paramedics in terms of CPR quality.METHODS:This is an experimental trial. This study was performed by the EMS of Ankara city (capital of Turkey). Twenty (ten males and ten females) paramedics participated in the study. We used LUCAS™ 2 as a mechanical chest compression device in the study. Paramedics applied chest compression in twenty rounds, whereas mechanical chest compression device applied chest compression in another set of twenty rounds. The depth, rate, and hands-off time of chest compression were measured by means of the model's recording system.RESULTS:The median chest compression rate was 120.1 compressions per minute (interquartile range [IQR]: 25%–75% = 117.9–133.5) for the paramedics, whereas it was 102.3 compressions per minute for the mechanical chest compression device (IQR: 25%–75% = 102.1–102.7) (P < 0.001). The median chest compression depth was 38.9 mm (IQR: 25%–75% = 32.9–45.5) for the paramedics, whereas it was 52.7 mm for the mechanical chest compression device (IQR: 25%–75% = 51.8–55.0) (P < 0.001). The median hands-off time during CPR was 6.9% (IQR: 25–75 = 5.0%–10.1%) for the paramedics and 9% for the mechanical chest compression device (IQR: 25%–75% = 8.2%–12.5%) (P = 0.09).CONCLUSION:During patient transport, according to the chest compression performed by the health-care professionals, it was found that those performed by the mechanical chest compression device were more suitable than that performed by the guides in terms of both speed and duration.

A Field Study to Determine Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in Hotel Businesses

For organizations to shape their future of Tourism industry, it is essential for them to hire and retain top talent. Therefore, in this research, the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction was examined. A quantitative research method was applied to test between the variables. The questionnaire technique has been used. The data were collected from 218 employees working in five-star and four-star hotels in the city of Ankara, capital of Turkey. First, the correlation coefficients between variables were calculated. Then, T test and One Way Anova analysis were conducted to determine whether there was a difference between variables and demographic characteristics. Finally, it was found that there was a positive and significant relationship between emotional commitment, a sub dimension of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Further results indicated there is a negative and significant relationship between job satisfaction and other sub dimensions of organizational commitment, normative commitment and continuation commitment.&#x0D; Key words: Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Hotel Employees, Tourism Establishments, Human Resources, Tourism.

The transmission of crime as work in Turkey: Identification and strategic mutuality

Bourdieusian criminology has produced useful concepts such as the street-criminal field, capital and habitus. In employing these concepts, this article demonstrates the importance of the criminal role model-image, such as the respected career criminal, as an ego-ideal among lower class youths who identify with these role models, acquiring bodily and mental criminal dispositions using the results of ethnographic research conducted in a run-down district in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Focusing on a non-Western context with an original theoretical articulation, this article further suggests that the affective relationship between these disadvantaged lower class youths and respected older criminals lubricates the youths’ formation of criminal habitus and likewise constitutes a ‘strategic mutuality’ flowing through certain practices in the street-criminal fields. The original finding lies in revealing a strategic affinity transmitting knowledge of criminal techniques and skills across generations, and further making crime as work a reliable source of income for disadvantaged youths.

Does having a high-risk pregnancy influence anxiety level during the COVID-19 pandemic?

ObjectiveWe aimed to analyze the changing level of anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in pregnant women, with and without high-risk indicators separately, in a tertiary care center serving also for COVID-19 patients, in the capital of Turkey. Study designWe designed a case-control and cross-sectional study using surveys. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale questionnaire (STAI-T) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) which were validated in Turkish were given to outpatient women with high-risk pregnancies as study group and normal pregnancies as control group. A total of 446 women were recruited. ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between those with and without high-risk pregnancy in terms of Trait-State Anxiety scores with COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.05). We found an increased prevalence of anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in high-risk pregnant women comparing to pregnancies with no risk factors (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the education level in high-risk pregnant women in terms of anxiety scores (p < 0.05), Beck Anxiety score was highest in high school graduates (42.75). While the level of Trait Anxiety was the highest with pandemic in those with high-risk pregnancy with threatened preterm labor and preterm ruptures of membranes (58.0), those with thrombophilia were the lowest (50.88).The State Anxiety level and Beck Anxiety Score of those with maternal systemic disease were the highest (53.32 and 45.53), while those with thrombophilia were the lowest (46.96 and 40.08).The scores of Trait Anxiety (56.38), State Anxiety (52.14), Beck Anxiety (43.94) were statistically higher during the pandemic in those hospitalized at least once (p < 0.05). ConclusionHigh-risk pregnant women require routine anxiety and depression screening and psychosocial support during the COVID-19 pandemic. High-risk pregnancy patients have comorbid conditions most of the time, hence they not only at more risk for getting infected, but also have higher anxiety scores because of the stress caused by COVID-19 pandemic.

Adaptation of a cross-national measure of fear-based xenophobia to Turkish culture

The purpose of this study is to adapt a cross-national measure of fear-based xenophobia to Turkish culture. This measure is a unidimensional cumulative attitude scale comprising five items, ordered according to difficulty parameters. It assesses participants’ fear of foreigners using the stereotype content model, categorizing outsiders according to indices of warmth and competence. The participants were 360 students (218 females, 142 males) from two state universities in the capital of Turkey. The students were surveyed during the 2018–2019 academic year, and the data were analyzed through Mokken scale analysis. Responses to the survey questions divided the participants into two groups: those who agreed with the first item on the questionnaire and those who agreed with the other statements (2–5); statements 2–5 indicated nearly the same level of fear of foreigners. The data met the assumptions; a monotone homogeneity model was more suitable, and more than two-thirds of the participants responded to the scale in line with the sequential grading. Moreover, the reliability coefficient of the measurements obtained from the Turkish form of the cross-national measure of fear-based xenophobia scale was high.

The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Restrictions on Depression Rates and Maternal Attachment in Immediate Postpartum Women: a Preliminary Study.

We aimed to evaluate the postpartum depression rates and maternal-infant bonding status among immediate postpartum women, whose last trimester overlapped with the lockdowns and who gave birth in a tertiary care center which had strong hospital restrictions due to serving also for COVID-19 patients, in the capital of Turkey. The low-risk term pregnant women who gave birth were given the surveys Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI) within 48 h after birth. A total of 223 women were recruited. The median score obtained from the EPDS was 7 (7) and 33 (14.7%) of the women were determined to have a risk for postpartum depression. The median scores of the EPDS inventory of depressive women were 15 (3). The median MAI score of 223 women was 100 (26); and the MAI scores of women with depression were significantly lower than the controls [73 (39) vs. 101 (18) respectively, p < 0.001]. Evaluation of the factors that affect the psychological status of pregnant and postpartum women will lead the healthcare system to improve the implementations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Eating disorders and needs of disabled children at primary school.

The aim of this study was to provide current information on the eating disorders, needs and confronted problems of children with disabilities during their school hours at primary schools. Eating disorders and needs of disabled children are important in their participation in school life, cognition, and academic achievement. In this study, It was aimed to reach all children with disabilities attending at 72 primary schools located in low, medium and high socio-economic districts in Ankara, capital of Turkey; 404 parents voluntarly accepted to participate in the study. This study has revealed that students with disabilities experienced eating disorders such as forget to eat foods at feeding time, cannot go to canteen to buy food, have sucking and/or chewing problems, lack of self-care skills and need support while eating at schools. The percentage of children who had breakfast at school was 18.1%. The percentage of those who indicated that their child had lunch at school was 59.0%. The children from low socio-economic district had the highest percentage of adequate nutrition at schools in the last week. Families whose children having lack of self-care skills (50.0%), were picky eaters (38.5%), having lack of appetite (42.1%), experienced from constipation frequently (50.0%), have reflux problem (29.0%) considered that their children needed feeding supports at school. Families whose children having eating disorders at schools considered that their children needed feeding supports. Fulfilling the needs of children with disability and providing them support as positive discrimination would ensure healthy development and participation in school life and generate positive effects on their academic achievement. The school health policies have to encompass nutritional needs of vulnerable children to benefit from right to education in an adequate and effective manner.

Urban conservation legacy of the Turkish planning system: tracing spatial change in the Ankara Acropolis, from 1923 onwards

ABSTRACT This paper examines the conservation history of the Ankara Acropolis, today named ‘Hacı-Bayram District’, and the spatial change in this historic environment linked to the development of urban conservation since the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. We drew upon archival research such as old maps, aerial images, former analyses, technical plans and project reports, legal decisions by conservation boards and a field survey to illustrate the morphological change triggered by conservation attempts. Hacı-Bayram District is a unique heritage site located in the old town of Ankara, the capital of Turkey, and has a symbolic square in which religious histories co-exist through the Augustus Temple and Hacı-Bayram Veli Mosque on top of the city’s ancient Acropolis. This historic district was one of the first in which urban conservation and development projects were implemented, during the construction of the modern Turkish capital, and has witnessed dramatic transformation, in the name of urban renewal. The findings of this study demonstrate an exceptional spatial representation of changing concepts of conservation in line with the Turkish planning system.

ANKARA’NIN İKİ İNCİSİ: 2.TBMM BİNASI VE ANKARA PALAS

Osmanlı Devleti Dönemi’nde bir bozkır kasabası olan Ankara, Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde başkent olmasıyla birlikte, genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin düşünce yapısı ve aydınlığıyla beraber yeniden yapılanmaya başlamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti Dönemi’nde kullanılmış olan eski teknikler bir kenara bırakılarak yerine Avrupai tarzda betonarme ve çelik donatı sistemi kullanılarak yapılar inşa edilmeye başlanılmıştır. Yerli ve yabancı mimarların yapmış olduğu projelerle, bir kasaba olmaktan çıkıp kısa süre içinde modern bir şehir görüntüsüne kavuşmuştur. Yeni kurulan Cumhuriyet ile birlikte sosyal, ekonomik, eğitim, kültürel ve devlet idaresinde geliştirdiği yeniliklere uygun olarak okul, hastane, banka, bakanlık, sosyal ve kültürel içerikli yapılar ve yönetimin sağlanacağı modern bir meclis binasına gereksinim duyulmuştur. Bu bilimsel araştırma yazısında Türkiye Cumhuriyet Dönemi başkenti Ankara’sının iki simge yapısı olan 2. TBMM binası ve Ankara Palas’ın mimari özellikleri ve çinileri süslemeleri ele alınacaktır. Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Dönemleri’nde yoğun olarak kullanılan çini süsleme Osmanlı Devletinin batılılaşma etkisine girmesiyle beraber önemini kaybetmiştir. Araştırmaya konu olan yapılar mimari açıdan incelendiğinde; Avrupa’nın modern mimarisine ayak uydurması sonucunda bu yapılarda da betonarme ve çelik donatı sisteminin kullanılması söz konusudur. Bu eserlerin süsleme özellikleri incelenildiğinde ise tamamen Türk süsleme unsurları görülmektedir. Bu bilimsel araştırma yazısında her iki yapıda kullanılan çinilerin Türk çini sanatındaki yeri belirlenmeye çalışılacak ve bilim camiasına bu çiniler tanıtılacaktır.

Panislamist and Pantyurkist Motion of Crimean Tatars at the Beginning of XX Century

A problem which is examined in the article before was not the article of scientific illumination. It served reason of appeal of author to the archived sources which are first entered in a scientific turn. Actuality of the article consists in that displays of panislamizm and pantyurkizm, having deep roots in the past, in one or another degree take place and now. Research is based on the documents of the Record Office of Republic Crimea, which were at one time geared-up Department of police and his Crimean structures. An author comes in to the conclusion, that in Crimea, as well as in other regions of the Russian empire, where a moslem population lived compact, panislamist and pantyurkist motion was got by development. This motion was headed the representatives of intelligentsia, well-off and influential persons. One of them was IsmaelGasprinskiy, leader of pantyurkist motion of all-russian scale. Panislamizm in Crimea was organizationally designed as organizations of «Conscience». This structure can be considered the first national political party of Crimean Tatars. Crimean pantyurkists and panislamists had regular connections with the centers of Russian, Turkish, Romanian moslem motions. The fact of organization of group of the Crimean national revolutionaries in the capital of Turkey deserves attention. It is the important certificate of the close interlacing revolutionary and panislamist activity.

Unexpected drug residuals in human milk in Ankara, capital of Turkey

BackgroundBreast milk is a natural and unique nutrient for optimum growth and development of the newborn. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of unpredictable drug residues in mothers’ milk and the relationship between drug residues and maternal-infant characteristics.MethodsIn a descriptive study, breastfed infants under 3 months of age and their mothers who applied for child health monitoring were enrolled for the study. Information forms were completed for maternal-infant characteristics, breastfeeding problems, crying and sleep characteristics of infants. Maternal and infant anthropometric measurements and maternal milk sample were taken. Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was applied to mothers. RANDOX Infiniplex kit for milk was used for residual analysis.ResultsOverall, 90 volunteer mothers and their breastfed infants were taken into the study and the mean age of the mothers and their infants was 31.5 ± 4.2 years and 57.8 ± 18.1 days, respectively. Anti-inflammatory drug residues in breast milk were detected in 30.0% of mothers and all had tolfenamic acid. Overall, 94.4% had quinolone, 93.3% beta-lactam, 31.1% aminoglycoside and 13.3% polymycin residues. Drugs used during pregnancy or lactation period were not affected by the presence of residues. Edinburgh postpartum depression scores of mothers and crying and sleeping problems of infants were similar in cases with and without drug residues in breast milk. When controlling confounding factors, maternal body mass index alterations were detected to be significantly lower in mothers with anti-inflammatory drug residues in breast milk than in their counterparts (p = 0.017).ConclusionsOur study suggests that there are unpredictable drug residues in the milk of many mothers. Anti-inflammatory drug exposure might affect maternal weight change during the postpartum period. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact of drug residues on maternal and infant health.

Marital satisfaction and influencing factors in infertile couples

Purpose: Previous researches suggest that determining the factors affecting the marital satisfaction would help the treatment team in achieving goals in the infertility treatment process. This study aims to examine marital satisfaction in infertile couples together with the sociodemographic, marital, and social support characteristics affecting the marital satisfaction. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with 138 married couples receiving treatment for infertility in a public hospital located in the capital of Turkey. Results: According to the findings of the study, 86.2% of men and 82.6% of women have serious problems with marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction scores of men are significantly lower than women. It is manifested that marital satisfaction increases as the couples get older; it decreases as the education level and monthly income amount of the couples increase and also it is lower among women living in extended families. Conclusion: Conducting future interventions by taking these factors into account shall help the treatment.

An associational study on pre-service early childhood teachers’ nature relatedness in education for sustainability

There is significant global concern with current environmental problems, yet people’s behaviour towards the environment has been resistant to change. Young people have the opportunity to bring about desirable changes through environmental behaviours and attitudes. The goal of this study is to better understand the scope of nature relatedness as an attribution interacting with pro-environmental behaviours for Turkish pre-service early childhood teachers. We examined the associations between the domains representing nature relatedness and also sought to identify any differences in nature relatedness with respect to their year of enrolment in a teacher education program. The participants were 402 students attending an Early Childhood Teacher Education Program at one of the two public universities in the capital of Turkey. A Turkish-adapted version of the Nature Relatedness Scale developed by Nisbet, Zelenski, and Murphy was administered to gather the data. Participants were found to have a mostly positive external nature-related worldview. Furthermore, the statistical analysis indicated non-significant differences in their nature relatedness with respect to the year of enrolment in the teacher education program. In terms of the relationships between the constructs representing nature relatedness, the internalized identification with nature was positively correlated with two constructs which refer to his/her physical familiarity as well as attraction to nature, and how individual’s relationship with the environment is provoked by his/her behaviour. This research indicates that pre-service teachers, who are regarded as important agents for the future implementation of sustainability education, are actually lacking in their nature relatedness constructs and need to develop key competencies in a field that presupposes that they have already acquired sufficient experience of physical and emotional interaction with nature.

Socio-Spatial Politics of Otherness: The Desire to Construct a Counterhegemony

This study is based on an empirical research to understand the production of nongovernmental spatial practices and representations with a counterformation to an authority, as well as an ontological discussion on the relations between public space and power. In this respect, the study is constructed on an alternative spatial reading of counterspaces (LGBTI-friendly spaces, political spaces, and resistance spaces) in the capital of Turkey, Ankara, benefiting from Henri Lefebvre’s theory on the production of space and The Situationist International’s mapping techniques. It is realized that these public spaces appropriated or occupied by marginalized groups in society because of their gender, sexual orientation, beliefs, or ethnicity have a strong socio-spatial network in the city as a result of ontological approximation as the necessity of solidarity, which is defined as a habitat of the public assembly of otherness. The existence of different identities in the same area of the city for the same spatial practices is a manifestation of similar subjective formations and spatial representations of vulnerability within power relations. In this context, the aim of this study is the mapping of counterspaces in Ankara within a theoretical ground to contemplate the relationship between subject, power, and space. This article, thereby, analyzes the ontological basis of this psychogeography by questioning the reasons for the spatial proximity or superimposition of spaces used to socialize, organize, and resist the power of the other.

Assessing Urban Sprawl Effect of Transportation Investments using Remote Sensing Data and GIS Methods: The case of Ankara Protocol Road

In developing countries such as Turkey, transportation investments maintain their popularity. With these investments, short-term solutions are being sought for urban infrastructure problems that are the result of growth-based model in construction sector. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between transportation investments and urban sprawl. To this end, in the capital of Turkey, Ankara, the results of transportation investment in the protocol road that is the main route which provides transportation service to the north of the city, are evaluated in terms of urban sprawl. In this evaluation, Landsat satellite images of the study area are obtained every four years between 2004 and 2016, and land use is classified by remote sensing and GIS methods. As a result of this classification, it is observed that the built-up areas increased by 164 % and the total population by 33 %. Since the population of Ankara has increased by 27% between 2004 and 2016, it is seen that the study area has improved more rapidly with the contribution of the transportation investment, compared with the general urban area.

Living with schizophrenia: Perspectives of Turkish people with schizophrenia from two Patient Associations on how the illness affects their lives.

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness affecting the social and occupational lives of the sufferers and posing a considerable burden on the patients and their families. Furthermore, negative societal reactions and the internalization of these attitudes exacerbate the difficulties encountered. This study examines the perspectives of Turkish people with schizophrenia on how they view the impact of the illness on their lives, the societal reactions and attitudes to schizophrenia and whether they agree with these reactions. Twenty-three adult participants, all members of two schizophrenia associations in Ankara, capital of Turkey, were recruited. Semistructured interviews were used to find out their perspectives on how the illness affected their lives, how the society reacts to them and their views on these reactions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematic analysis was used to capture the general and the subthemes. The findings suggest that causal attributions for the illness, the impact of illness on various life domains, challenges of living with the illness and finally stigmatization are general categories that capture the perspectives of the participants. People diagnosed with schizophrenia experience the impacts and burdens of their illness in various domains of their lives and negative societal reactions heighten these burdens. It seems important to consider the challenges faced by people with schizophrenia in living with their illness and the impacts of negative societal behaviors and attitudes in offering psychosocial interventions programs for supporting this group. Furthermore, combating negative societal attitudes also seems to be necessary.