Capital Model Research Articles

Theory-practice gap of capitation payment in the Indonesian national health insurance: toward universal health coverage

PurposeThis study aims to present a comprehensive integrative review of capitation payment for primary healthcare (PHC) in the Indonesian national health insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional,JKN).Design/methodology/approachWhittemore and Knafl’s integrative review method is used within this review and analysis framework. Multiple types of academic literature were included in this review, including all studies related to capitation payment in the JKN from 2014 until 2022.FindingsThis review found that several practices of capitation payments in the JKN in Indonesia deviate from basic economic concept of capitation. It does not yet incentivize PHC to create a competitive environment in attracting members and it does not incentivize health promotion and prevention. Moreover, the capitation model uses the same scope of primary care services for all PHC throughout the country – which in fact has disparities in providing 155 medical conditions as required competencies for PHC. The authors recommend that the JKN apply bottom-up costing and pricing methods to set market prices of capitation rates.Originality/valueThis is the first study that reviews theory-practice gap of the capitation payment model using an integrative review that covers academic literature, journal articles and regulations in Indonesia.

Mediation of Psychological Capital in Youth Experiencing Homelessness.

Youth who experience homelessness engage in behaviors that place them at high risk for disease and injury. Despite their health risk behaviors, these youth display psychological capital, positive attributes of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism that motivate them to engage in health-promoting behaviors such as safer sex. However, this array of positive psychological attributes has not been studied in this vulnerable population. The specific aim of this analysis was to determine whether factors of psychological capital mediated the relationship between background risk factors (e.g., race/ethnicity, educational attainment, reason for being homeless, sexual abuse history, and HIV status) and outcomes of condom intention, safer sex behaviors, and life satisfaction among youth who participated in a longitudinal intervention study. Using a Solomon four-group design, 602 youth were recruited from drop-in centers in two large cities (Columbus, Ohio, and Austin, Texas) to participate in a brief intervention that included outcomes of enhanced communication skills, goal setting, safer sex behaviors, drug refusal skills, and life satisfaction. Using an autoregressive, cross-lagged, longitudinal mediation model, we tested the direct and indirect effects of background factors, psychological capital, and intervention outcomes. Models were tested for the intervention group alone and the total sample. There were no significant direct or indirect effects of background factors on intervention outcomes among the intervention group, and the model fit was poor. There were also no significant mediating paths via factors of psychological capital and poor model fit for the combined group. Findings provide important information about intrinsic strengths of youth experiencing homelessness and psychological capital as a significant construct for understanding health behaviors among disadvantaged and underserved youth. The lack of significant mediation effects may have been due, in part, to the lack of a robust measure of psychological capital. Further study with various background factors and outcomes would contribute further to our understanding of how best to support this population.

Searching for Performance Accountability in Higher Education: A Case Study

Accountability is vital in ensuring universities to provide top-notch education to their stakeholders in higher education. Therefore, it is imperative to examine how universities can achieve intended performance accountability. The study analyzes the performance accountability of higher education, considering core, essential, and supporting components to meet stakeholder expectations. Based on the case study design, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and secondary sources. The study sample was selected through the purposive sampling method, i.e., the University Authority, the Campus chief, three chairpersons of the subject committee, the president of the Professor Union Unit, the Coordinator of the Self-Evaluation Committee, and four faculties. After analyzing the data, it has been concluded that in order to achieve performance accountability in higher education, it is essential to manage the learning process effectively, have a strategic implementation plan, prioritize leadership, and adhere to accountability processes. These crucial elements are key to creating a successful learning environment, improving the quality of education, and ensuring accountability in the higher education sector. I claimed that the seed capital model is developed to enhance quality education by increasing higher education performance accountability. The study findings can help University officials and faculties improve education quality and policy formulation. Additionally, this study contributes to the existing literature on the institutional process and achieving accountability in all components of higher education.

Liberal and illiberal industrial policy in the EU: the political economy of building the EV battery value chain in Sweden and Hungary

In the context of an increasingly ambitious European Union (EU) industrial policy and the transition to electromobility, the main objective of the article is to uncover the interaction between the supranational level and domestic policies through examining the buildup of the electric vehicle (EV) battery value chain in illiberal Hungary and liberal Sweden. The study analyses these diverse cases through the lenses of comparative political economy. How do European industrial policy objectives translate into national policies under widely different political conditions? How do the different translations impact on the original objectives of EU policy? Through using a structured-focused comparison, the paper argues that the building of the EV battery industry implies the entrenchment of existing models of capitalism in both cases. Liberal democracy is only compatible with the coordinated market economy model of Sweden, while in Hungary the illiberal regime and the dependent market economy model reinforce one another in face of growing public recognition of the disadvantages of dependency—misallocation of resources, environmental damage, and limits to upgrading. EU strategic objectives are served only by the Swedish model, while the Hungarian model leads to deepening institutional cleavages within the EU and implies growing dependence on Russia and China.

WACC Analysis of Banks: Take JPMorgan Chase and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China as Examples

The world’s overall economic level has improved, and the financial system has also been continuously improved. Among them, international banks have long become the backbone of the financial system. At the same time, various financial instruments such as WACC (Weight Average Cost of Capital) are constantly being applied to the management and investment direction of international banks. In the process of applying the WACC decision-making model to some international banks, some problems were encountered and solutions were proposed for reference. This also provided a reference for the further improvement of the financial system and the progress and development of the financial market. This article discusses the possible significant differences in the WACC capital structure decision-making model used by JPMorgan Chase and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and discusses the reasons for this difference. The use of the WACC capital structure decision-making model can enrich the application background to a certain extent and better guide investment.

NOVAS ABORDAGENS PARA MODELAGEM DE NEGÓCIOS

This article presents a study on contemporary disruptive business modeling. Therefore, we tried to target the phenomena of globalization as a continuous and uninterrupted process that moves the gears of the capitalist model in which economic, social and technological facts are engendered. Today's business organizations get rid of rigid models as were the guidelines contained in business plans so that they can obtain more speed in the Research and Development processes of products and services with high added value for markets and customers. Innovation with the ability to deliver value to customers is now the cornerstone of administrators and managers in managing high-performance teams for creating, prototyping and launching products and services that are considered disruptive. New proposals to support agile strategies are presented to streamline processes and are already being used. New business proposals added to new logistical movements linked to cutting-edge technology point to new scenarios in which new approaches, with new planning, organization and control, are fixed on the radar of contemporary administration. In the eagerness to answer questions about what happens in this scenario, bibliographic analysis methodology and systematic observation were used.

Intellectual Capital and Corporate Sustainable Growth: An Empirical Study on Indian Agribusinesses specific to Pesticides and Fertilizer Companies

This study aims to evaluate the impact of Intellectual Capital on the Sustainable Growth Rate of Indian Agribusiness companies. Intellectual Capital plays a vital role in the global agriculture business. Data is collected from 17 Agribusiness companies engaged explicitly in pesticides and fertilizers between 2011 and 2022, using Prowessiq (CMIE) and financial reports. The Extended Value-Added Intellectual Capital (E-VAIC) model is employed to measure Intellectual Capital. The System Generalized Method of Moments (S-GMM) regression method is employed for data analysis. The results revealed that Innovation Capital Efficiency and Human Capital Efficiency are the most significant variables that affect the Sustainable Growth of Indian Agribusiness companies. The other Intellectual Capital variables, such as Relational Capital Efficiency and Structural Capital Efficiency, positively impact the Sustainable Growth Rate. The study concludes that Indian Agribusiness companies must recognize the importance of Intellectual Capital resources and invest in them to achieve long- term corporate growth.

Stakeholder capitalism as a modern model of corporate social responsibility

The article reveals the conceptual foundations and importance of the stakeholder model for the successful functioning of modern business organizations, their development, ensuring competitive advantages, strengthening sustainability, brand and image growth. The relevance of this concept is also substantiated for ensuring sustainable social development. The purpose of the study is to examine the practical aspects of stakeholder capitalism as a modern model for implementing social responsibility by business organizations. In the course of scientific research into the essence and scope of expression of the modern stakeholder model of business activities, the author's own idea of the practical value of these processes for business and society as a whole was developed. The key potential benefits for business organizations in establishing an effective dialogue with key stakeholders based on social responsibility are identified. The author's own vision of the substantive essence of an effective model of interaction with stakeholders is developed, which will affect the increase in a company’s capitalization, increased sustainability, and increased investment attractiveness. A list of possible areas and directions of interaction between the company and key stakeholders is presented in a reasoned manner. Proposals have been developed for promising areas for the development of the stakeholder model of capitalism, based on the principles of social responsibility in modern conditions.

Application of Social Capital-Based Institutional Model in Formulating Village-Owned Enterprise Policy as a Resilience Strategy for Local Economic Development

This study aims to determine the application of social capital-based institutional models in formulating policies for village-owned enterprises as a resilience strategy for local economic development. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection is carried out through observation techniques, interviews, documentation Data reduction steps, data presentation, and conclusion/verification process the collected data. In view of the aftereffects of the examination, it was found that the investigation of the social capital-based institutional model, shows that parts of trust, informal organizations, and normal practices play a significant part in the utilization of this model in the detailing of arrangements for Town Claimed Ventures. These factors have’a major influence on the success of the village’s local economic development resilience strategy. Then the results of the analysis showed that the application of the social capital institutional model in Barae Village, Soppeng Regency, had succeeded in increasing the economic resilience of the community. This is realized through better access to the capital needed, as well as the ability of the community to meet their daily needs at affordable prices. The impact is an improvement in the quality of life and economic resilience in the village.

Aggregate and distributional effects of school closure mitigation policies: Public versus private education

We use a human capital formation model to compare extending school time to private education subsidies in mitigating the adverse effects of school closures. The impact on inequality and mobility depends crucially on the substitutability between private and public inputs.

A Monte Carlo simulation case study on blueberries from Mexico

Abstract Global blueberry production more than doubled during the last decade. In Mexico, the production of this fruit has grown faster than globally, positioning this country among the top five international blueberry-producing regions. This case study focuses on a prospective investor planning to grow blueberries in Mexico and export most production to the U.S., the largest producer and consumer of fresh blueberries. A high-technology producer growing blueberries under high tunnels in western Mexico is featured in this article. The case study was researched using a combination of field visits to blueberry producers, collaborative work with an industry consultant, and academic research. The article provides industry statistics on blueberries in Mexico and globally over the last decade. In addition, it describes how the authors conceptualized and developed discounted cash flow models to evaluate this potential investment. Despite the importance of blueberries from Mexico, there is a need for financial models to assess the profitability and risk of growing blueberries in that country. Students solving this case are expected to identify risks and opportunities in the industry and conduct Porter’s five forces competitive analysis. In addition, students will mainly evaluate the results of a stochastic capital budgeting model.

The Catholic Church and investor capitalism in late-nineteenth century Ireland

ABSTRACT The Catholic Church embarked upon an ambitious project of property development in the nineteenth century that transformed the Irish built environment and landscape. People responded energetically to fundraising drives for churches, convents, monasteries and welfare-focused institutions. The acquisition of significant property and substantial capital by the Irish Catholic Church was a major source of its power, which continued into independent Ireland. Much of this wealth came to the Catholic Church through bequests, donations, and returns on investment, which were managed by the relevant dioceses and orders. This article focuses on the episcopacy of Archbishop William Walsh of Dublin during the 1880s and 1890s to understand the way in which the management of the archdiocese of Dublin’s financial resources shaped the social, economic, and political development of Ireland’s capital city. By focusing on the management of one of the most significant bequests under Walsh’s supervision – the Egan Bequest – a complex story of religion, investment and infrastructure building is revealed. This activity helped produce a model of investor capitalism that shaped Dublin in ways that remain contested to this day.

Towards the Culturalization of Macroeconomics: A Veblenian Contribution

Conventional macroeconomics cannot be the basis for a pragmatic understanding of the behavior of the financial model of capitalism in which we live and for drawing practical economic policies. Its most important problem is the relegation of key monetary and financial institutions, which entrap the analysis into a self-regulated markets illusion. This article argues that Thorstein Veblen’s post-Darwinian cultural and processual analysis of the business enterprise system provides ideas, principles and foundations that can leverage a contribution to an evolutionary recontextualization of macroeconomics. The analysis focuses attention only on the role that the evolution of pecuniary habits of mind and routines have in episodes of unsustainable balance sheets, liquidity crunches and debt-deflation processes and marks out the cultural foundations of financial fragility and instability and of the principle of effective demand.

A Political Economy Analysis of Chinese Modernization

ABSTRACT The earliest form of modernization was capitalization, which Marx and Engels explained as occurring “on pain of extinction.” As the inherent contradictions of capitalism intensified, modernization showed a tendency to evolve in the direction of socialization, and two different and opposing models emerged: the Western European capitalist model and the Soviet socialist model. The modernization of the old China was destined to fail even while it was still on the starting line. It was not until the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, overcame the Chiang Kai-shek regime, achieved victory in the New Democratic Revolution, and established the People’s Republic of China that the country’s progress along the road of Chinese modernization really began. For historical reasons, the new China was obliged to develop a novel approach to its modernization process. Reform and opening up enabled China to seize a new opportunity, and Chinese modernization began to accelerate. After socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, modernization began to take flight. Chinese modernization provides humanity with a new choice as it confronts the modernization challenge. Although Chinese modernization reflects China’s specific national conditions and historical opportunities, it nevertheless has a definite world-historical significance.

Designing a Development Model for Cultural Capital in the National Sports System

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive model for understanding and enhancing cultural capital within the national sports system. Methodology: This research adopts a qualitative grounded theory approach, specifically utilizing the Strauss and Corbin method (2008). Data were collected through in-depth, open-ended interviews with 20 experts in academic and executive sports environments. The interviews were analyzed using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding to identify key concepts and categories. The study also incorporated library studies and document reviews to supplement the interview data. The validity and reliability of the findings were assessed through expert reviews and inter-rater agreement methods. Findings: The analysis revealed several critical factors influencing cultural capital in the national sports system, categorized under main constructs such as sports tradition, professional status of sports, sports in society, economy, and education. Intervention conditions like policy status, unexpected events, development indices, media, politics, cultural macro-conditions, and geographic distribution were identified as significant influencers. Background conditions included values, social class diversity, organizational culture, meritocracy, and job security. The study identified strategic responses as either pattern-centered or conventional interactions leading towards globalization. These strategies significantly impacted social mobility and the priorities within the sports field. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive model for understanding and developing cultural capital within the national sports system. It underscores the multifaceted nature of cultural capital and its critical role in fostering participation, professionalization, and social mobility in sports. The findings highlight the necessity for robust policy frameworks, educational initiatives, and financial support mechanisms to enhance cultural capital.

ЗРОСТАННЯ РОЛІ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ В ЦИФРОВІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ

The aim of this study is to outline the authors vision regarding the essence and consequences of the impact of processes accompanying the recent industrial revolutions on the intellectual capital of high-tech enterprises. The research is based on the experience of the European Union countries, which are actively adopting the achievements of Industry 5.0. Emphasis is placed on its significant difference from its predecessor, namely: focusing on the ecological consequences of innovative transformations in technologies and the interests of humans – their generators and users. Based on the results of historical analysis of changes in the structure of fixed capital, the conclusion has been drawn regarding the reactive acceleration of technological progress. The third industrial revolution is distinguished from the fourth, and the latter, in turn, from the fifth not by centuries, as previously thought, but by decades. Therefore, there is an obvious need to prepare in advance for new changes in productive forces in the nearest perspective. This is relevant for businesses, educational institutions (especially providers of higher education), for the state, and public administration authorities. In confirmation of this statement, information is provided on the use of the Internet of Things by manufacturing plants of the EU with a staff of 10 persons. A graphical model of industrial intellectual capital is proposed, the structure of which reflects the current transformations of this important economic resource. From it follows the conclusion about its qualitative enrichment that has occurred, the need to prepare for the next update of technologies, forming the ability to meet them without fear for one's own fate, and the desire to resist innovations. The expediency of creating specialized professional teams, regardless of the physical location of their participants, is emphasized. The task facing them is to establish productive discussions on improving the quality of business processes through the exchange of experience, resources, information, and opportunities among people united by common professional interests, generating constructive ideas, supporting their development, and implementation into practice.

Exploring parental perspectives and engagement in shared reading with digital books: A comparison of urban and rural Chinese families during the Covid-19 pandemic

This research explored parental perspectives and engagement in the home literacy environment amid the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a theoretical framework integrating Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model and Bourdieu's Theory of Capital, the study conducted a case-study analysis involving eight parents, with reflexive thematic analysis applied to their interview data. The findings affirmed existing urban-rural literacy disparities while also shedding light on similar disparities in parental cultural capital. Further, the study revealed a more intricate reality of the Chinese home literacy environment, depicted as a multifaceted mosaic shaped by economic reforms, sociocultural shifts, and cross-generational influences. The evidence demonstrates that the formation and expression of cultural capital by individual parents are profoundly influenced by their socio-cultural contexts, leading to diverse home literacy practice. This suggests that the home literacy experience is intricately linked with various layers of socio-cultural contexts, revealing a dynamic and interconnected framework rather than a static or isolated view. This dynamic nature challenges the conventional notion propagated by large-scale quantitative projects, which tend to portray rural areas as inherently disadvantaged compared to urban areas. Instead, this study suggests that the home literacy environment holds the possibility to be conceptualized beyond simplistic urban-rural dichotomies, resisting an understanding of their relationship as comparable entities evaluated by quantifiable data. Therefore, this research underscores the importance of adopting ecologically comprehensive and culturally responsive approaches in promoting the Chinese home literacy environment. Furthermore, it calls for in-depth qualitative research to capture the vast and diverse facets of Chinese families, aiming not for conclusive definitions but rather for the exploration of alternative narratives that run parallel to each other.

The nursing human capital value model

The nursing human capital value model

Moderating role of trust in the relationship between corporate governance and performance of agricultural cooperatives in Nigeria

This study aims to identify the moderating construct of trust in the performance of agricultural cooperatives in North-Western Nigeria. Business management cannot be overseen by the owner alone; it may require the services of other professionals. However, the high incidence of corrupt practices in the public and private sectors in developing African countries cripples many businesses. It makes it difficult to entrust the management of organisations to a third party. Trust is essential, especially in an environment with a loose execution of legal charges. Although a direct relationship between corporate governance and performance has been established across many disciplines, the influence of trust as an interactive construct has yet to be established. Therefore, this study addresses this gap. This study used concurrent triangulation design with a significant quantitative approach complemented by the qualitative segment involving seven open-ended questions. Data were collected from 384 cooperative for rice farmer’s by used of a survey design. Structural Equation Modelling was used to assess the measurement model to test the hypotheses. An Excel spreadsheet was used to pre-code the data derived from open-ended questions, and later exported to ATLAS.ti software for qualitative analysis through coding, group coding and network. The findings revealed that corporate governance and trust significantly influenced agricultural cooperative performance. The moderating effect of trust on corporate governance was supported. The findings illustrate how social capital theory explains the processes of African trust, especially in corrupt environments with weak legal penalties. This study examines corporate governance within the internal control mechanisms of an agricultural cooperative society. Further studies should understand corporate governance within an external tie. To our knowledge this is the first study to examine the moderating effect of trust on the interacting variables in the African social capital theory model.

Human Capital Disclosure, Business Model and Firm Value: Empirical Evidence from Kenya and South Africa

High volatility and decline in firm value has been spotted for listed companies in Kenya as revealed by large deviations between market-to-book value ratios. This has prompted organisations to adopt integrated reporting to enhance accounting information disclosures that has long been linked with firm value. However, studies examining this form of reporting and its contribution to the value of the company and its variant stakeholders remain scanty in the context of Africa. The purpose of this research is to investigate and demonstrate the relationship amongst human capital disclosure, business model and value of listed companies in Kenya and South Africa. The study was braced on the Stakeholder and legitimacy theories. The research design was both exploratory and confirmatory. Secondary data was collected from 137 purposefully selected companies for the period 2018-2020. An unweighted disclosure index was used to measure human capital disclosure, whilst, firm value was measured using Tobin’s Q ratio. Frequency tables were used for data presentation and descriptive statistics was conducted to summarize and describe the data. Pearson correlation analysis was used in measuring the strength and direction of relationships between variables, while, stepwise regression analysis method was applied in testing for mediation effects. The results depict that human capital disclosure has a statistically significant effect on firm value. However, the effect was negative for Kenya and South Africa revealed a positive effect. Human capital disclosure and business model evinced a positive and significant relationship. Human capital transmitted part of its effect on firm value through the entity business model, with Kenyan listed firms revealing inconsistent mediation, whereas, South African companies reported full/complete mediation. The study recommends mandatory disclosures of human capital and business model aspects of integrated reporting by Kenyan listed companies due to its effect on firm value.