Capital Investments In Construction Research Articles

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO REDUCING THE ENERGY OF THE PARKING RETARDER POSITION OF A SORTING DEVICE WITH TARGET GRAVITY BRAKING OF CUTS

The main disadvantage of a sorting device with target gravity braking of cuts is the necessity to use a powerful parking retarder position. In order to reduce the energy of this position, it is proposed to install an auxiliary brake position on the descending part of the device to transfer there part of the work on regulating the rolling speed of cuts of a certain mass. For the given operating conditions, the required energy of these positions and the optimal design parameters of the sorting device were determined, and recommendations were developed for braking the cuts at the auxiliary brake position based on the results of simulation modeling of the rolling of the design runners. The structural parameters were optimized using the developed mathematical model, where the height of the sorting device is the optimization criterion. The optimization calculations were performed both for favorable and unfavorable conditions of the runners rolling. The results of the simulation modeling of the rolling of the design runners proved that the maximum braking value at the auxiliary brake position (0.74 m e. h.) for the specified operating conditions is provided when braking the cuts weighing more than 34.8 tons. To simplify the process of braking such cuts at the auxiliary braking position, it is proposed to use low-energy retarders whose rated energy is less than the maximum possible braking value at this position. The reason of it is that when more powerful retarders are used at the auxiliary braking position, not only the degree of braking of each cut should be determined, but also the duration of their braking, which to some extent complicates the process of speed control and may require automation of operation of this position. If low-energy retarders UVSK-11 with the rated energy of 0.6 m e. h. are used at the auxiliary brake position, the required energy of the park brake position is reduced by 0.57 m e. h. At the same time, all cuts weighing more than 30.8 tons should be braked at the auxiliary brake position. Based on the studies, it was concluded that the installation of an auxiliary brake position on the descending part of the sorting device with target gravity braking of cuts would reduce capital investments in construction and mechanization, as well as the costs associated with the operation of this device.

Numerical assessments of the effects of injected air temperature and well configuration on the cycle performance in compressed air energy storage in aquifers

Abstract Aquifers have advantages over salt caverns as the vessels for compressed air energy storage due to their wider availability for suitable sites and lower one-off capital investment for construction. We conducted numerical simulations for compressed air energy storage in aquifers (CAESA) to investigate the effects of injected air temperature, the number of injection/production wells and their configurations on cycle performance, based on the data from the Pittsfield CAESA test. The results show that injected air temperature has a negligible effect on the overall energy recovery efficiency, but a higher injected air temperature leads to a higher energy storage capacity. A multiple-injection/production-well arrangement can achieve a larger storage capacity than single-well systems. The distance between the injection/withdrawal wells will affect the storage capacity. This suggests that for a multiple-well CAESA system, a comprehensive modelling study should be used for the optimal system design to achieve the most desirable storage capacity.

Utilizing a value-oriented approach to rationalize design, organizational and technical solutions in construction

The purpose of this study is to apply the method of value-oriented management to rationalize the choice of design, organizational and technical solutions, taking into account the current market situation. To solve the identified problems, it is proposed to revise the principles of assessing organizational and technical solutions using project management tools, stakeholder theory and the evolutionary theory of values. As a result, the theoretical foundations and methodological recommendations on the economic justification for the choice of organizational and technical solutions in the implementation of an investment and construction project were considered. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research are the works of scientists and specialists devoted to research in the field of theoretical and general methodological problems of assessing the effectiveness of capital investments in construction, as well as the application of a value-oriented approach in the management of investment and construction projects.

Factors in The Development of Construction in The Russian Federation in 1992–2019 (or a Story About Unsuitable Russian Economic Statistics)

The article analyzes the factors in the development of the construction industry in 1992–2019. This analysis is important not only for understanding the nature of the development of the Russian economy during this period, but also for determining the prospects for its development. The factors are difficult to analyze because the statistics of the construction industry in the post-Soviet period (as well as in the Soviet period) was the most inaccurate among the statistics of all other branches of material production. Therefore, much attention is drawn to determining the actual volume and the dynamics of all general indicators in the building statistics. In some cases, it is inevitable to use indicators of official statistics. Since the reliability of individual indicators is doubtful, where applicable, it is necessary to rely on the indicators related to macroeconomic statistics and other sectors of the economy, including foreign trade statistics. The errors are identified in the use of official statistics related to the volume and structure of capital investments in construction, price policy in construction, and to the system of national accounts. An alternative assessment is determined for the volume and dynamics of building production and labor productivity, capital-labor ratio for the whole period and for individual subperiods. Much attention is paid to determining the actual financial conditions of the construction industry. This analysis makes it possible to identify a much larger reduction in the volume of production and labor productivity in construction than according to official statistics. The author emphasizes the need for a radical improvement in the quality of official economic statistics in order to provide scientific research with reliable data and to develop a sound economic policy. The author has come to the conclusion that based on the current state of construction, the industry tends to grow in the coming years. However, it is utterly insufficient to provide multiple growth of capital investments required for the modernization of the economy.

ВПЛИВ РІВНЯ ІНВЕСТУВАННЯ НА РОЗВИТОК БУДІВЕЛЬНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

The construction industry is a strategically important component in the development of the national economy and the development of the country's social infrastructure. The variability of the conditions of production activities of construction companies leads to fluctuations in physical and financial results obtained by enterprises. The relevance of the topic is emphasized by the importance of the development of the construction industry due to its impact on the efficiency of the functioning of the entire economic system in the country. The issue of financing the construction industry requires special attention. The level of investment in construction determines the ability of enterprises to receive a number of benefits. To create a favorable investment climate in Ukraine, it is necessary to develop real financial and credit mechanisms to stimulate industrial and housing construction in order to increase the competitiveness of the industry. The analysis of capital investments in construction in comparison with other spheres of activity for three years is carried out. Deterioration of the situation in 2020 compared to previous periods has been identified. To determine the prospects of the construction industry, the index of business activity of construction companies in 2021 was considered. In connection with the change in the level of investment, its relationship with the index of construction products is considered. Identified similar trends in the change of these indicators. Assumptions are made about the impact of inflation on the volume of construction output and its corresponding reflection on the index of construction output. Factors that hinder the activities of construction companies are listed. The increase in the cost of construction works due to higher prices of raw materials was especially noted. The measures taken by the government to create an attractive investment climate in Ukraine are indicated. The need for more thorough development of strategies for attracting domestic and foreign investors in the construction industry of Ukraine and finding new sources and forms of financing was also noted.

Determining the optimal location of an urban transport interchange hub

Several possible options for the location of Pyatiletka transport interchange hub in the Samara city district are considered. In order to determine the optimal option, the hub location is compared by several parameters. Such values as passenger traffic, existing routes of urban public transport, priority directions of passenger traffic, and capital investments in construction are selected as optimization parameters. To determine the values of passenger traffic, an analysis of the existing passenger traffic was performed, with its allocation by capacity and routing. The unevenness of passenger traffic by days of the week and periods of the day is determined, the minimum and maximum values of passenger traffic are revealed, as well as its fluctuations over the considered periods. The construction of public urban transport routes allowed to identify the busiest routes and the availability of transport for different variants of the transport interchange hub location. The options of organizing the possible arrival/departure of urban public transport to/from the transport interchange hub are considered. Using the obtained data, a SWOT analysis was performed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each hub placement option and the optimal variant was selected.

ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT FACTORS AFFECTING ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE IN THE UKRAINIAN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

Abstract. This research focuses on the current state of the Ukrainian construction industry. Part of the aim of the study is to evaluate progress in the construction economy through analysing both the GDP dynamics in the construction industry and overall country’s GDP. The authors prove that both Ukraine’s overall GDP and the GDP of the construction industry tended to increase in 2015—2017, however, the fluctuation observed in the share of construction industry in the GDP structure was insignificant. It has been determined that the construction industry performance is preconditioned by the country’s economic development and, on the other hand, they influence the development and potential of enterprises that belong to other industries. The study examines performance of the construction industry enterprises’ activities. Despite an increase in the economic indicators that have been observed over past few years, these activities are unprofitable. 2018 witnessed a decline in the index of construction products in general as well as of several their types. It has been established that the development of construction industry and its condition depend on various factors, the influence of which is a result of interaction between economic, market, technological, political and social processes. The volumes and structure of capital investments in construction have been estimated. The study has proved that investment volume is a significant external factor, through which the enterprises of the construction industry are financed. The economic factors and their influence on volumes of executed construction works have been investigated; the importance of considering the specific features of the industry while studying the degree of impact exercised by the factors, is justified. The directions in which the efficiency of the construction enterprises’ activities should expand are studied; besides, ways of overcoming major problems in the branch are described. Keywords: construction industry, capital investment, impact factors, enterprise performance, resources. JEL Classification L74, M41 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 11.

Assessment of negative infrastructural externalities when determining the land value

The work forms and substantiates the concept of land value, based on a new institutional theory. The infrastructural component of the cost of land in the presented concept determines, on the one hand, the efficiency of the use of natural resources, properties, demand for land on the market, on the other hand, the costs, which are determined not only by capital investments in construction of engineering infrastructure, but also by losses associated with restrictions on activities within zones with special conditions for territory use, creation of unfavorable conditions for economic activity, small contours, irregularities and others on a specific land plot, which are external negative infrastructural externalities that create losses of rights holders of land plots that are not compensated by the market, falling within the boundaries of these zones. Methods for assessing the impact of such negative infrastructural externalities on the cost of land encumbered by zones in different conditions of land market activity have been developed and tested, based on an expert-analytical approach (depressed market); the ratio of market values of land plots encumbered and unencumbered by a specific zone, and qualimetric modeling (inactive market); modeling by introducing into the model the factor of presence of zones with special conditions for territory use, based on the grouping of zones according to similar regulations for use, or by introducing the parameters of this factor (active market). Methods for taking into account spatial deficiencies and compensating for restrictions and prohibitions on activities on the territory of land plots with an individual market assessment are proposed.

The freight pneumatic elevators as a new form of transport

This article addresses the problem of ensuring high reliability and safety performance of freight elevators. Rope elevator hoists exist more than one hundred years and have become very common, but it is very difficult to achieve their operational efficiency. The authors propose a solution to the problem - the introduction of a fundamentally new type of transport - pneumatic lifting, which capable provides high technical and economic performance. At the specialized enterprise «Pnevmopod”yem» a small-lot manufacture of new import-substituting equipment for hoisting in building sestablished. The authors present the advantages and the principle of operation of the developed pneumatic elevator. Essential advantage of this machine is the safe work which is incorporated in its design. Considerable attention is paid to the results of tests of cargo pneumatic elevator. The authors come to the conclusion that the design of a freight pneumatic elevator makes it possible to use it successfully for transporting cargo in buildings and structures for various purposes, to reduce capital investments in construction, installation and operating costs. The absence of foreign analogs will allow selling pneumatic lifts not only in Kazakhstan, but also in the countries of the former USSR.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The article deals with the current state of the construction industry for the period 2018-2020, and its significance for the economy of Ukraine is determined. The general trends of construction development in the modern transformational economic environment have been revealed here. The contribution and share of construction in the total GDP of the country are studied. The volumes of the construction production are analyzed, and after a deep review of indicators and rates dealing with construction products output, it is determined that the construction industry is developing steadily. The role of the state in creating a conducive investment climate in Ukraine is determined, and capital investments in construction are analyzed, and their share in the total capital is allocated. The sales volumes of building materials, the number of construction companies, and the population engaged in the construction sector are analyzed. The authors noted the necessity of normative regulation of construction activity, development, and implementation of state programs on development and support of the construction industry. The main problems of construction companies that have arisen after the introduction of a quarantine regime caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have received much attention. It is noted that it is possible to minimize the negative factors influencing the activities of construction industry companies through strategic management and support of this industry by the state.

МАРШРУТЫ ПРОКЛАДКИ ТРУБОПРОВОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ ГАЗОСНАБЖЕНИЯ

Актуальность. Проектирование маршрута прокладки газопровода является важным этапом процесса планирования и строительства газопровода. Существуют различные методы, зависимости и алгоритмы, характеризующие функциональную составляющую газопроводов, различные способы прокладки. Самым важным в процессе проектирования является выбор такого оптимального маршрута, при котором эффективность применения будет высокой и при этом проект будет иметь минимальные капитальные вложения в строительство. Несмотря на множество предлагаемых подходов, в настоящее время единой методики по определению оптимальных затрат на строительство и реконструкцию газораспределительных сетей не существует. Цель:провести сравнительный анализ существующих алгоритмов построения оптимального трубопроводного пути, разработать программы моделирования и обоснования рациональных маршрутов прокладки трубопроводных систем газоснабжения на основе однокритериального подхода. Методы. В основу разработанной программы заложены волновые алгоритмы, или поиск в ширину, являющийся одним из методов обхода графа. Это означает, что в стратегии поиска при решении задачи не используется дополнительная информация, а только та, что представлена в определении. Суть этого метода – вырабатывать преемников и различать целевое и нецелевое состояние узла. Результаты и выводы. Рассмотрев и проанализировав современные способы прокладки магистральных газовых сетей и способы прокладки линейной части, можно сделать вывод, что существующая практика трассировки магистральных газопроводов не всегда предлагает к использованию оптимальный вариант. Стоимость сооружения небольшого по протяженности, но сложного с точки зрения проведения строительно-монтажных и специальных работ, участка газопровода зачастую оказывается выше стоимости сооружения многокилометрового обхода на участке с нормальными условиями прокладки. Поэтому при выборе трассы магистрального газопровода необходимо учитываться все факторы, влияющие на стоимость прокладки. Предложенная методика носит ознакомительный характер программного построения трассы газопровода.Представленное описание программного комплекса позволяет рассчитать положение линейного сооружения на местности на основе однофакторного подхода – привязки критерия стоимости к сложности разработки разных групп грунта.

Criteria of choosing building structures for rooftop boiler rooms

The paper investigates parameters of noise and vibration distribution in the territory of residential area depending on the structural materials and power of independent heat supply systems. Rooftop boiler rooms are decentralized heat supply systems in buildings. Today, residential areas are strongly affected by noise and vibrations. Adverse effects are isolated by buildings materials, protective shields and floating floors. Rooftop boiler rooms located in Tyumen city were investigated within this research. Structures of rooftop boiler rooms were analyzed. Acoustic analysis results and the parameters of equivalent continuous sound level are presented. An option for improvement of rooftop boiler rooms structures is suggested. Comparison of capital investments in construction and installation activities is carried out. Conclusion on capital investments required for noise protection is made.

Estimation of conditions of using combined single-track and double-track railways at high-speed traffic

An important condition when arranging high-speed railway transportation with insignificant traffic is saving of capital investments in construction of new lines or the reconstruction the existing ones. Development of methods for multi-criteria estimation of the possibility of using fully single-track blocks on a line with high-speed traffic, as well as single-track blocks with double-track inserts, is a relevant issue. The purpose of the study is to develop the criteria and the method for estimation of the feasibility of using single-track elements on a line with high-speed traffic. Methods of simulation modeling, mathematical statistics, regression analysis were used. A method that includes estimation of the technological conditions of using single-track elements on a line with high-speed traffic instead of double-track blocks was developed. The method can be used for multi-criteria optimization of the configuration of a combined single-track and a double-track line using single-track elements in high-cost areas.

Research on Investment Efficiency for Capital Construction in Coal Mine Based on Principal Component Analysis

In the paper, by designing evaluation system, capital construction investment efficiency of 13 coal mines in Shanxi province is analyzed through using principal component analysis. Meanwhile comprehensive scores of capital construction efficiency are calculated. The highest score and the lowest score are 3.813 and-1.141, respectively. Finally, 13 coal mines are divided into three levels, sufficiently distinguishing capital construction efficiency of those coal mines.

Analysis on Influence Factors of Coal Mine Capital Construction Investment Efficiency

With the development of the economy, and investment structure is more complex, more investment direction is more diversified, capital investment efficiency is affected by more factors. Deep analysis and evaluation of the efficiency of investment and the objective and fair to find the factors that are critical for any investment or personal legal person. Based on the research of domestic and foreign scholars, this paper analyzed the influencing factors of coal mine construction investment efficiency from the theoretical level.

Wage Labor and Mobility in Colonial Eritrea, 1880s to 1920s

AbstractMobility and wage labor are two key variables that help to explain some of the complexities of the labor history of colonial Eritrea. Focusing on the initial period of Italian colonization, between the 1880s and 1920s, this article analyzes the relationship between the two above-mentioned variables. Based on previously unexplored archival sources and documents, the authors conclude that wage labor did contribute to the mobility of workers throughout the region (and not vice versa). In the period under consideration, Eritrea did not become a settler colony, despite Italy's initial efforts to import a national labor force. Instead, through a mix of capital investments in construction and transport, and increasing military recruitment, the Italian regime contributed significantly to an increase in free wage labor in the region. Within a year of Italy's 1911 invasion of Libya, it needed to reinforce its colonial army. From 1912 onward, in return for wages, tens of thousands of Eritreans entered the Italian colonial army to fight on the Libyan front. This military employment left voids in the local labor market, which were filled by people from neighboring countries, particularly Ethiopians and Yemenis. A relationship thus developed and continued between mobility and wage labor.

Life cycle cost of biodiesel production from microalgae in Thailand

Biofuels derived from microalgae are currently gaining attention as alternative fuels, especially for substituting biodiesel. Microalgae can be grown either in open pond systems or in closed photobioreactors. However, the systems require a high initial capital investment for construction of pond and photobioreactor systems. This study aims to evaluate the financial feasibility of two types of large scale microalgae-based biodiesel production assumed to be located in the northern region of Thailand. Four algae-to-biofuels process scenarios were examined: base cases of raceway ponds and photobioreactors including only biodiesel production; and alternative cases for both, including extraction of high value added products, omega-3 fatty acids, in addition to biodiesel. The basis of biodiesel production was 720,000L per year operated for 15years. For the base case, the biodiesel production costs for algae produced from raceway ponds and photobioreactors were 68 and 224Thai Baht/L, respectively, while for the alternative case, they were 191 and 450Thai Baht/L, respectively. Even though the omega-3 fatty acid production gained higher revenue, the capital cost and operating cost would need to be reduced at least 50% to make the systems profitable. Several improvement options and possible government incentives to achieve this are presented.

Trickle-freeze separation of contaminants from saline waste water

This study investigated the feasibility of using trickle-freeze separation as an alternative method of reducing the salinity of oil sands process water. Using a specially designed flume housed in a cold room, an experiment was conducted to determine the degree of separation and subsequent concentration of salts during freezing and melting of saline water. During the freeze – thaw cycle, the majority of salts were concentrated into less than one quarter of the original frozen volume. Utilizing results from the laboratory-scale experiments, a trickle-freeze separation system was designed to treat 20 million m3/year of saline process water. The capital investment for construction of the system was Can$127 million or Can$6.36/m3 capacity, slightly higher than for a conventional desalination processes. Annual operating costs of Can$0.13/m3 of waste water are significantly lower than for conventional desalination. The design and cost estimate provided insight into the feasibility of using trickle-freeze separation as a treatment option for oil sands process water.

China's 1994 Tax-Sharing Reforms: One System, Differential Impact

In analyzing China's 1994 tax-sharing system, this article focuses on changes in central tax and non-tax budgetary revenue, local upward remittance, central fixed subsidy, tax revenue rebate, and capital construction investment. The results, based on data from Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, suggest that the system has generally achieved its aims but geographical variations remain.

Time Trend of BHCs and DDTs in a Sedimentary Core in Macao Estuary, Southern China

BHCs and DDTs in a 210Pb dated sedimentary core in Macao estuary were analysed with supercritical CO 2 extraction and GC-ECD. The concentrations of BHCs in the core sediment dated from 1962 ranged from trace level (<MDL) to 82.4 ng/g, and those of DDTs ranged from trace level (<MDL) to 79.0 ng/g. The highest concentrations of both DDTs and BHCs were found in sediment dated 1993, which correspond to a sharp decrease in cultivated land area and a greatly expanded capital construction investment scale in Zhuhai in 1992–1994. Vertical variations of (DDD + DDE)/DDT and DDE/DDD ratios indicated that DDTs deposited after 1985 were subjected to more on-land weathering process than those deposited before 1985. The authors suggested that the organochlorine pesticide residue in soils might have been mobilized by large-scale land transformation, which greatly contributed, after the production ban, to the DDTs in sediments in Macao estuary. Significant decreases in concentrations of BHCs and DDTs were observed in sediments deposited after 1993.