Capital Construction Research Articles

Main principles of the formation of organizational and technological platform for scientific and technical support of unique objects

Introduction. Scientific and technical support (STS) is a modern tool for quality and safety control when realizing unique objects of capital construction. As an independent activity, STS has a large number of directions, interactions and processes carried out in its implementation. However, along with the significant contribution of STS in the realization of unique buildings and structures, it has a number of imperfections and open issues. It is proposed to solve them by using new terminology and the method of STS organization in a single structure — the organizational and technological platform for scientific and technical support of unique objects (OTP STS).
 
 Materials and methods. In order to form an organizational and technological platform, the STS is considered from the standpoint of systems engineering and the application of a systematic approach. The platform representation of STS activities makes it possible to structure the existing directions and interactions of STS into a single platform space. To formalize the interaction between the elements of the OTP STS, it is proposed to use the goal tree method with the decomposition of the platform objectives into levels.
 
 Results. Identification of the main subsystems of the OTP STS: Participants, Processes, Database of works, allowed to formulate the concept of the OTP STS. In order to obtain the necessary result from the activities of the OTP STS, all its elements need to work together. The use of the goal tree method made it possible to perform a level-by-level decomposition of goals, where at the top level — the general goal of the platform, then — problems (tasks) that are the goals of the platform subsystems, at the bottom level — directions of decisions (a set of measures aimed at achieving the goals of a higher level).
 
 Conclusions. Organizational and technological platform of scientific and technological support is a set of basic elements of STS, based on the interaction of the processes implemented by the participants of a unique construction project that occur during scientific and technical support, and the use of a database of work in order to achieve the result of STS. Achievement of objectives of platform subsystems will allow to eliminate existing shortcomings of STS activity that will positively influence not only on result of STS performance, but also on terms of organization of this process and, hence, on terms of construction project realization.

Construction information model as a tool to reduce information uncertainty in the operational management of construction

The construction of capital construction projects is a complex probabilistic dynamic system subject to numerous external and internal factors. With the complexity, uniqueness of the construction object or constrained conditions for the production of work, the number of such factors increases, as a result, information uncertainty in construction management increases, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of traditional organizational and technological models. It is required to search for new and improve existing models. One such model is the construction information model. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the reduction of information uncertainty in the operational management of construction by changing the structural links in the construction management system and the use of a construction information model as a dynamic organizational and technological model. The transition to information modeling technologies requires the main participants in the investment and construction project to change the form of interaction, as well as changes in communication patterns in the structures of individual organizations. For example, the management of construction organizations should continuously manage construction using a building information model. The organizational structure in which the building information model is used positively affects the following aspects of the control system: reduces transaction costs between departments and services; provides high information content; improves the consistency of information between services by analyzing data from a single source; speeds up the decision-making process; increases the stability of the management system, taking into account external and internal factors; enhances organizational reliability. The significance of the presented results for the construction industry is to reduce information uncertainty in the operational management of construction by changing the structural links and information transfer scheme, as well as the continuous collection, storage and analysis of information coming from the construction site into a single construction information model.

МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЮ В ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ ТИПОВЫХ ЗДАНИЙ

Improving the energy efficiency of existing capital construction projects is an important and urgent task. To improve the efficiency of operation of residential apartment buildings, an analysis of existing measures for energy and resource saving was carried out, a set of particular criteria for the effectiveness of energy-saving measures for engineering systems of buildings was proposed, and the values of savings during their implementation for four types of houses were determined. A method for assessing the comparative effectiveness of energy-saving measures using the DEA multi-criteria assessment method (Data Envelopment Analysis) is proposed. Comprehensive performance criteria are formulated for the analysis of measures for heating, water supply and electricity supply systems. The use of the DEA methodology makes it possible to optimize the choice of priority areas for the implementation of resource saving measures for all types of buildings

Analysis of methods for improving the efficiency of “Iceberg” gas air coolers

Russia has the largest volume of natural gas reserves in the world. Recoverable natural gas reserves amount to about 67 trillion cubic meters, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation for 2023. In recent years, the development of the Unified Gas Supply System has been growing rapidly. Since 2021 the Government of the Russian Federation has been actively introducing draft laws and regulations related to the scaling of the country’s gasification. In June 2021 came out the Federal Law No. 184-FZ, which instructed the Government of the Russian Federation to adopt regulations aimed at implementation of provisions of free gasification of the country [1]. In September 2021 there was issued Decree No. 1547, [2] approving the new Rules for connecting gas-using equipment and capital construction facilities to gas distribution networks, which introduces the concept of pre-gasification. It is worth noting that new gas mains, compressor stations (CS) are put into operation, active reconstruction of the existing shops with exhausted gas compressor units (GCU) is carried out. One of the most urgent issues of the gas industry today is the efficient use of energy resources. Besides using the energy of flue gases from gas turbine drive of GPA, energy at gas throttling at gas distribution stations and other methods of energy saving, the significant role is played by the effective operation of air coolers of gas (ACG), the operation of which affects the reliable transportation of gas in the main gas pipeline (MG). The paper analyzes the methods of technical condition of gas air cooling devices of “Iceberg” type operated at the production site of the booster compressor station of “Gazprom Dobycha Nadym” LLC. The thermal efficiency of air coolers with all fans turned on and off was determined for the coldest and hottest months of the year. The electric energy savings of the frequency controlled drive (VFD) were calculated.

К вопросу об оценке эффективности исполнения федеральных целевых программ как формы государственных расходов

The subject of the study conducted by the authors is the evaluation of the effectiveness of the federal targeted programs. The paper discusses approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of state pro-grams depending on the goal-setting of spending budgetary funds and reveals their inherent features and shortcomings. An analysis of the fulfillment of the expenditure obligations of the Russian Federation related to the implementation of federal targeted programs is conducted. The priorities for correcting the methods for the evaluation of the effectiveness of federal targeted programs are determined, and the necessity of taking into account the activity of the program curator and the state customer is substantiated. The authors offer a method-ology for evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the federal targeted programs when carrying out budget investments in capital construction objects. The results of the study can be used in the current activi-ties of state customers, which will allow them to identify problems in the construction process and make deci-sions aimed at increasing the efficiency of capital investments.

Прогнозирование энергозатрат в системах управления домашним энергопотреблением с применением метода машинного обучения

Reducing energy consumption by capital construction projects at all stages of their life cycle is an urgent task for the construction industry and the housing and communal complex. The article discusses ways to reduce energy costs in the operation of residential buildings. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for predicting energy costs when using a home energy management system based on the machine learning method. All devices included in the "smart home" system are divided into three types, for each of them a method for calculating energy consumption is described. The algorithm of the home energy management system is to receive information from the energy supplier about their cost an hour in advance, calculate the energy consumption of all devices and predict energy consumption based on the reinforcement machine learning method. The effectiveness of the chosen method and the reliability of forecasting were evaluated by comparing the results with real costs for the selected time and calculating the average absolute error and the average absolute error in percent. The results of the study indicate the promise of using the method of machine learning with reinforcement to build a home energy management system based on forecasting energy consumption over time.

EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS OF URBAN CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION OF REAL ESTATE IN MODERN ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

The main methods for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects of urban capital construction of real estate in modern economic conditions in the presence of inflationary processes are discussed. It shows a fundamental change in approaches to assessing the effectiveness of real estate of state property, which is associated with the cost of designing, construction, maintenance and operation of facilities, including their disposal, as well as received benefits or income, taking into account inflationary processes that exist in the modern Ukrainian economy. The analysis of the cost and expenses of the real estate object was carried out in the framework of its life cycle concept. The basic informational and methodical problems are shown and the ways of their solution concerning the introduction in Ukraine of the reasonable scientific method of the life cycle cost estimation when creating and operating the real estate objects of city capital construction which are in the state property are offered.

Social Capital in Relation to Mental Health—The Voices of Adolescents in Sweden

The social environment that adolescents interact in has undoubtedly changed over the past decades. The latent constructs of social capital that have been described in theory may be universal, but it is necessary to reveal sociocultural specific pathways and manifestation in order to validly operationalize social capital for adolescents. There is a call for qualitative data to enhance our understanding of social capital for adolescents today and the specific sociocultural context they live in. The aim of this study was to explore social capital from the perspective of adolescents in relation to mental health. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted in a school setting with a sample of adolescents aged 11 and 15 years. Qualitative content analysis was applied, and analysis remained on a manifest level. From having adolescents describe their social relations and networks in relation to mental health, three main categories were formed: accessing a safe space, with sub-categories of trusting enough to share, having someone close to you, and being part of an inclusive and honest environment; feeling connected to others, with sub-categories of hanging out and having things in common; and maintaining control, with sub-categories of deciding for yourself, dealing with change, and having social skills. Having access to a safe space is vital for adolescents’ mental health, by providing resources such as mutual trust, honesty, and unconditional access. Feeling connected to others is important in close relationships and reveals the glue that holds networks together, but also links to sociability in a wider sense. Predictability in adolescents’ social relationships and networks, influenced by internal and external factors, may be a resource of increasing importance in todays’ society and an interesting subject for intervention and future research on social capital and adolescent mental health.

The association between chronotype and wages at mid-age

Sleep has been shown to affect economic outcomes, including wages. The mechanisms by which sleep affects wages remain unclear. We examine the relationship between chronotype – morning larks, evening owls – and wages at mid-age. We propose a novel model relating chronotype to wages in consideration of human, social, and health capital constructs. Empirically, we explore the effects of chronotype mediated through life course choices, such as work experience, trust, and health behaviour. The data come from the 46-year-old follow-up study of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort (1966) and from registers of the Finnish Tax Administration. We find evening chronotype to have a significant indirect negative effect on wages, which occurs through accumulating less work experience and through poor health outcomes. The effect is largest for male workers, with a total indirect effect on average wages of − 4%. We also provide evidence that chronotype has a long-term association with wages between 29 and 50 years of age. We conclude that evening-type workers are less suited to typical working hours and accumulate less human, social and health capital which in turn negatively affects their wages. Our findings are of great socio-economic importance because evening chronotypes make up a significant part of the population.

INNOVATIVE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES OF CONSTRUCTION

Purpose. Analysis of the main advantages and proposals for the use of innovative information technologies to increase the efficiency of organizational construction processes. Methodology. Along with the spread of organizational processes of technology and construction organization of modern well-known Ukrainian and foreign IT firms in Ukraine, there is a need to improve the image of construction by using high-tech methods of standard and non-standard construction of civil and industrial buildings and structures. The tasks currently facing the country in the field of capital construction are the revival of renovation and reconstruction of domestic industrial and civil construction, the introduction of advanced technologies on a large scale, the rise of the culture of construction production, the training of a new generation of professional builders who are able to solve these tasks using IT in construction. The successful implementation of such a course is facilitated by measures to improve the technology and organization of construction, the introduction of new IT methods for managing renovations and reconstructions, and solving financing problems. Findings. The paper analyzes the scientific research of IT in construction, in particular during the renovation and reconstruction of buildings and structures, which reflect the advantages of using innovative technologies, VIM technologies at various stages of renovation and reconstruction from the technology of construction organization, and provides examples of the use of innovative technologies. Originality. Analysis of the results of the application of the most common IT components in industrial and civil construction makes it possible to use them at different stages, taking into account various software and technical support. Practical value. Technical, technological and organizational solutions in construction technology and organization, which have already been developed and implemented, allow the use of innovative technologies or their parts regardless of the technical or software equipment of construction organizations in the design and construction of construction objects. The methodological structure of analysis, quantitative evaluation and modeling of processes was developed, which made it possible to identify the dependencies that characterize the level of efficiency of works and allows for variant design of construction works with the help of these technologies.

Organization and development of the design process in the world practice

The process of design, or project execution, can formally be viewed as the development of a prototype or prototype of a proposed or possible object or its state. The design process is based on professional knowledge, achievements in science, technology, technological advances, and mathematical methods for solving engineering problems, the basics of art, economics, pricing policy, inventive activity, regulations, legislation and much more. The beginning of the design is determined by the presence of the main provisions on the proposed object and the sources of its financing. As a result, investment feasibility studies and other studies are usually carried out prior to project development. There are relevant rules for the selection of projects, tenders are considered and the documents are finally approved. Design includes many systems, as well as the knowledge of engineers - this is an integral part of the overall investment process, the main participants of which are the Investor, the Customer, the construction department (Contractor) and the design company. Abroad, design is one of the most important stages in the implementation of urban development projects. Studies have shown that about 15% of the project budget is spent on correcting design errors, and more than 50% of project changes are due to poor design in the early stages [1, 2].
 This article analyzes the design process in various foreign countries, such as the USA, Great Britain, France, Germany, Singapore, Bulgaria, based on publicly available materials (regulatory documents, tender documentation, guidelines, websites of architectural bureaus and official websites of regional and city administrations). The approach to determining the cost of architectural design for the conclusion of work contracts is considered in two ranges:
 1) Range of territory – documents containing development projects for elements of the planned structure of the city. Architectural and urban planning concepts, depending on the type of documentation adopted in the country;
 2) Development range (buildings) – a document that defines the development project for the elements of the planned structure of the city, as well as architectural, functional, technical and constructive solutions for capital construction projects. Depending on the type of document adopted in the country, it can be draft, design or working.
 The study of foreign practice of organizing the process of architectural and construction design has revealed a number of principles that can guide the authorities in ensuring high quality in the development and implementation of urban development projects.

HARNESSING PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL TO AUGMENT EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN THE MICRO-FINANCE SME SECTOR

The study sought to establish the effect of psychological capital on employee engagement on small to medium scale micro finance institutions. Secondary objectives were developed using psychological capital constructs namely hope, self-efficacy and resilience. The study adopted a quantitative approach backed by positivist philosophy. A sample of 350 respondents was determined using the Yamane’s model. Stratified random sampling was adopted and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that psychological capital has a significant effect on employee engagement. The study recommends that employee behavioral workshops, mentorship, ethical leadership and coaching programmes directed at developing psychological capital in SMEs.

Вибрационная безопасность при эксплуатации конструкций промышленных зданий в условиях динамических воздействий от оборудования

A general approach to the vibration safety of capital construction objects in Russia under the conditions of dynamic effects from industrial equipment is given based on the analysis of the requirements for the structures of buildings and facilities at the design and operation stage. The directions that are related to buildings and structures are described, including the mechanical safety requirements for buildings and structures. The analysis was carried out in order to determine the requirements for the structures of buildings and facilities that require processing in order to harmonize Russian regulatory technical documents in construction and industrial safety. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by its compliance with the main goals and objectives of the Russian state policy in the field of industrial safety, aimed at consistently reducing the risks of accidents occurrence at the industrial facilities, and minimizing their negative consequences. The article states that the characteristics of the elements of building structures, which were considered during the design in dynamic calculations of the strength and stability of a building or structure, may change during operation under the influence of climatic factors or aggressive influences of external and internal environments, including the influence of technological processes that can cause fatigue phenomena in the material of building structures. The method of calculation for dynamic loads of structures of buildings and facilities, considering the changes in power and environmental influences during operation, is briefly described. The main proposals for changing the requirements for the structures of buildings under vibration effects were developed and compiled in the form of a list. The results of the implementation of the submitted proposals will contribute to improving the efficiency of the processes of domestic industrial construction of buildings and structures, updating the regulatory and technical base, ensuring the safety of production facilities, maintaining compliance of buildings and structures with their functional purpose, reducing the risk of harm to health, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property and the environment.

Substance use disorders, physical health and recovery capital: Examining the experiences of clients and the alcohol and other drug workforce.

Challenges associated with the integration of physical health within alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services persist. The construct of recovery capital has gained currency within the sector, however, its potential in understanding the integration of physical health within AOD treatment has not been examined. This study explores the role of physical health in the process of recovery, examining the potential of 'recovery capital' frameworks to enhance integrated care. Interviews were conducted with residential and outpatient AOD services across New South Wales, Australia. Qualitative data was collected from clients (n = 20) and staff (n = 13) and transcribed. Data were systematically coded and analysed using the iterative categorisation method. Unmanaged physical health issues compromised recovery, particularly when associated with hopelessness and pain. Improved physical health ameliorated sources of negative recovery capital such as boredom, social isolation and mental health symptoms. When addressed during treatment, physical health facilitated recovery capital resources through knowledge and skill acquisition, increased autonomy, enjoyment and immersive experience. Benefits extended to domains of 'social capital' (social connection) and 'cultural capital' (physical appearance). Physical health offers variegated pathways for building recovery capital. Findings support calls for a more assertive approach to addressing physical health when AOD treatment occurs outside of primary care settings. Future research should examine the potential of recovery capital as a heuristic for optimising care of physical health issues and health-related behaviour within AOD treatment services.

How should intellectual capital development? An islamic religious perspective

Purpose: The objective of this study was to reconstruct Intellectual Capital to fill gap between Humans, Corporations and God. Theoretical framework: Intellectual Capital in its form and development as part of intangible assets in the business world, both from commercial and non-commercial measurements, is part of accounting, considered a modern business perspective and a product of entity theory. This definition of Intellectual Capital shows the masculine side, the Value of Entity theory. The antithesis of this is Sharia Entity Theory which emphasizes responsibility toward the sole creator of the company's nature, specifically God. Spirituality or religion fills the gap behind critical accounting studies based on secular thinking. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses the Islamic spirituality perspective paradigm, which is at heart and related to the organizational, social, and human environment in reconstructing Intellectual Capital. Findings: The results of this study obtained that the construction of human Capital is positioning employees to have honesty, trustworthiness, ridho, demanding knowledge, shodaqoh, zakat, and ukhuwah Islamiyah. Second, structural Capital is a blessed business, not arbitrary to employees, welfare, business commitment to trustworthiness, sadaqah for business, the principle of ridho in the organization, and giving employee rights. Third, customer capital is a promise, doing good/service, honesty to customers, responsibility, ukhuwah Islamiyah, sadaqah for CSR, trustworthiness, and setting prices like for like. Research, Practical & Social implications: First, management in developing the company can change the company's philosophy through intellectual capital which is based on God's will. Second, it is important to treat human resources, organizational structure and relational capital by aligning the soul, nature and God as a manifestation of added value. Originality/value: An important finding in this research is that spirituality is the most important thing in positive change for the world in which we live. Intellectual Capital in creating value should be the result of human work that is blessed by God.

The role of policies in reducing the cost of capital for offshore wind

Offshore wind will play a critical role in decarbonizing Europe's energy infrastructure. Nevertheless, according to recent financing cost surveys, its investment risk expressed as the cost of capital (CoC) is higher than for onshore wind and solar photovoltaics. This perspective elaborates on the possible reasons behind the offshore wind CoC premium and potential remedies. Our analysis discusses that the massive capital expenditures and construction complexity have concentrated European offshore wind ownership among utilities and oil& gas companies that owing to their legacy investments in fossil fuel infrastructure, have higher return expectations for offshore wind assets. Furthermore, these large-scale investors are bidding zero and negative in highly competitive auctions for offshore wind sites, increasing the project's merchant risks and CoC. We discuss possible policy solutions to alleviate these risks, including revenue stabilization, enabling a more liquid refinancing market, and creating more robust corporate Power Purchase Agreements via government guarantees.

Exploration of the spatial relationship between Xi’an City and its mausoleums from the perspective of time evolution

The ancient City of Xi’an has a history of more than 7,000 years of civilization, more than 3,100 years of City development, and 1,100 years of capital construction. With the gradual development of urban areas, the number of imperial tombs in Xi’an has reached 72. These mausoleums are large in scale and valuable, yet they are influenced by the rapid development of present urbanization, cities, and mausoleum spaces. The development contradictions between cities and mausoleum spaces progressively become prominent and need to be handled urgently. This article utilizes spacetime as the base scale, GIS spatio-temporal analysis, field research (including aerial photographs of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the 8 years, 2015–2022), and Pearson analysis to explore the temporal and spatial evolution law between Xi’an’s urban space and the 55 mausoleums dominated by emperors of various dynasties. It was concluded that the nuclear density area distance layout of Xi’an City and the mausoleum is closely related to time and space. Since ancient times, there has always been a relationship between the Spatio-temporal development of Xi’an City and its mausoleums, and the nuclear density area distance layout of the mausoleums is intimately connected to the status and nature of Xi’an City. Currently, mausoleums are part of site protection. However, because of the large space of the mausoleum, the contradiction between the protection and utilization of mausoleum sites and the development of urban space is revealed. This paper hopes to provide urban planners and site protectors with ideas and data support for the Spatio-temporal development of cities and mausoleums and realize the integration of the protection and renewal of mausoleum sites into the path of urban design and planning.

О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ МЕТОДИКИ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ КАПИТАЛЬНОГО РЕМОНТА ЖИЛЫХ ЗДАНИЙ НА ЭТАПАХ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ И РЕМОНТА

The sources available for research and analysis, including the current regulatory documents, contain a number of methods for determining and accounting for the physical wear of buildings and structures, however, many of them either contain too average data or contradict each other. This article discusses the developed approach to assessing the physical deterioration of residential buildings in terms of the frequency of restoration measures and major repairs. The necessity of improving the approach to monitoring the technical condition of residential buildings in order to optimize the costs of maintaining a working condition is described. The cases of various options for the application of decision-making policy in the field of operation of residential buildings are considered. A method for determining the dependence of the physical wear of a building on the service life is proposed. The cost of performing restoration work based on experimental data is estimated. The characteristic sections of the dependence curve "service life – physical wear" are determined with the analysis of factors and prerequisites for making managerial decisions regarding the capital construction object. Mathematical modeling is performed based on the data obtained. This allows developing recommendations regarding the timing and scope of restoration work during repairs at the operational stage.

Mediating effects of future time perspective on the relationship between mindfulness and learning burnout in college students: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

With the rise of positive psychology, educators gradually pay attention to the construction of psychological capital of college students. Mindfulness is linked to learning burnout; however, little research has examined how mindfulness is associated with learning burnout via future time perspective. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between mindfulness state, future time perspective and learning burnout of college students, and explore the mediating effect of future time perspective on mindfulness and learning burnout. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 358 college students were enrolled from Harbin Medical university. General information questionnaire, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the learning burnout scale and The Future Time Perspective Scale were used for investigation. Calculations were performed using SPSS Statistics, version 25. There was negative correlation between positive mindfulness and learning burnout (r = -0.41, P < .01), and positive correlation between future time perspective and mindfulness (r = 0.38, P < .01), and negative correlation with learning burnout (r = -0.37, P < .01). Furthermore, future time perspective (β = -0.40, P < .01) had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and learning burnout. Educators should improve the mindfulness of college students by developing and implementing future time perspective, in order to improve their learning burnout.

Bank capital, lending, and regulation: A meta‐analysis

AbstractWe collected over 1600 estimates on the relationship between bank capital and lending and construct 40 variables to capture the context in which these estimates are obtained. Accounting for potential publication bias, we find that a 1 percentage point (pp) increase in capital (regulatory) ratio results in around 0.3 pp increase in annual credit growth, while changes to capital requirements cause a decrease of around 0.7 pp. Using Bayesian and frequentist model averaging, we show that the relationship between bank capital and lending changes over time, reflecting the post‐crisis period of increasingly demanding bank capital regulation and subdued profitability. We also find that the reported estimates of semi‐elasticities are significantly influenced by the empirical approach chosen by researchers. Our findings suggest that the literature fails to provide policymakers with reliable estimates of the effects of capital regulation on bank lending, and our study offers insights that could help guide future research.