Capita Monthly Research Articles

Survey and Analysis of Postoperative Quality of Life in Gynaecological Oncology Patients

Goal: To investigate the current status of quality of life of postoperative patients with gynaecological tumours, and to analyse the relevant factors affecting the quality of life of postoperative patients with gynaecological tumours. Method: One hundred and fifty-three postoperative gynecological oncology patients who attended the gynaecology and oncology departments of three tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from June 2023 to March 2024 were investigated by convenience sampling method. The patients' postoperative survival quality was investigated through the General Information Survey Scale and Quality of Life Score Scale. Results: The quality of life measurement scale score of postoperative gynaecological oncology patients in this study was (121.27±10.87), in which there was a difference in the quality of life of postoperative gynaecological oncology patients of different age, education level, marital status, and per capita monthly income of the family, p<0.05. Conclude: The quality of life level of postoperative gynaecological oncology patients is generally good, and age, literacy, marital status, and per capita monthly family income are important factors in the postoperative quality of life of gynaecological oncology patients. Healthcare professionals should focus on patients with older age, lower education level, unstable marital status, and poor economic status, and provide personalised targeted interventions to improve their quality of life.

Resilience provides mediating effect of resilience between fear of progression and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies.

Hematological tumors are common malignant tumors, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Most patients with hematological malignancies develop sleep disorders that seriously affect their life and health because of acute onset of disease, rapid progression, high recurrence rates, complex treatment methods, and treatment costs. To explore the mediating effect of resilience on fear of disease progression and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies. A cross-sectional analysis of 100 patients with hematological malignancies, treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between August 2022 and August 2023, was conducted. Patients were assessed using a general data survey, a simplified scale for the fear of progression (FoP) of disease, a resilience scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between various patient characteristics and FoP, resilience, and sleep quality. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations between mental resilience, FoP, and sleep quality. The total FoP score mean value in patients with hematological malignancies was 38.09 ± 5.16; the total resilience score mean value was 40.73 ± 7.04; and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score mean value was 10.72 ± 1.90. FoP, resilience, and sleep quality of the patients were associated with family per capita monthly income and patient education level (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that FoP was negatively correlated with resilience and sleep quality scores (r = -0.560, -0.537, P < 0.01), respectively, and resilience was significantly associated with sleep quality scores (r = 0.688, P < 0.01). Mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect of resilience between FoP and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies was -0.100 and accounted for 50.51% of the total effect. This indicated that FoP directly and indirectly affected sleep quality through the mesomeric effect of resilience. Resilience is an intermediary variable between FoP and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies. Medical staff should evaluate and follow-up FoP and resilience to implement measures to improve sleep quality.

Barriers, Facilitators of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation, and Deworming Program among School-Going Adolescents of Deoghar, Jharkhand, India: A Mixed-Methods Study.

This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of iron and folic acid supplementation and deworming programs among school-going adolescents. A mixed-method observational study was conducted among adolescents in the 8th to 10th standards and their teachers across four schools in Deoghar, Jharkhand, India, using simple random sampling. The study included a questionnaire on socio-demographics, knowledge (34 items) (α=0.894), attitudes (2 items) (α=0.711) toward iron deficiency anemia, awareness of the Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) program and deworming (20 items) (α=0.783), and practices related to iron folic acid supplementation (IFS) and deworming, along with qualitative components. Data were analyzed using jamovi. Compliance rates for IFS and deworming were 27.5% and 67.9%, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that sex, religion, caste, father's educational status, per capita monthly family income (PCMI), diet type, adequate knowledge, and positive attitude toward anemia influenced IFS compliance. Religion, PCMI, and prior information on the importance of deworming facilitate compliance. Implementation barriers included irregular medication supply and a lack of student awareness. Periodic evaluation, regular sensitization, and a consistent drug supply are necessary to effectively implement WIFS and deworming programs in the study area.

Status and influential factors of health literacy in patients with ischemic stroke: A cross-sectional study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health literacy level and influencing factors of patients with ischemic stroke. A cross-sectional study was conducted. We used convenient sampling to recruit potential participants. Patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University in China from January 2022 to May 2023 were selected as subjects to complete the questionnaire survey. We used the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale to assess the neurological impairment of patients and the Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Patients to assess the health literacy level of patients. The overall health literacy level of ischemic stroke patients was high (99.13 ± 10.15). Age, education level, per capita monthly family income, living situations and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were independent risk factors affecting the health literacy level of patients with ischemic stroke. Patients with a higher education level (β = 0.151, P = 0.006) and higher per capita monthly family income (β = 0.179, P = 0.001) had higher levels of health literacy. Patients who lived with their spouses (β = -0.117, P = 0.012) had higher health literacy. Patients at an older age (β = -0.151, P = 0.001) and patients with higher NIHSS scores (β = -0.450, P = 0.001) had lower health literacy levels. Age, education level, family per capita monthly income, living situations and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score were related to the health literacy level of patients with ischemic stroke. According to these associated factors, targeted health education should be developed to improve the health literacy of patients and health outcomes.

Access and Determinants of Formal Agriculture Credit In Uttar Pradesh, India

The study has attempted to examine the determinants of formal agricultural credit in rural Uttar Pradesh using National Sample Survey Organisation data from the 70th round (2012–13). The Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) model is used to examine the determinants of formal credit in Uttar Pradesh. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, social group, and family size are grouped into social, economic, and extension services. The findings from this study revealed that indebtedness exists and that almost 45 per cent of farmers have taken credit from informal credit agencies. Further, there is significant heterogeneity in terms of socio-economic and demographic features among farmers who have taken credit from formal and informal credit agencies. The BLR results show that gender, literacy rate, operated area, bank account, livestock, and Kisan Credit Card are key social and economic determinants of formal credit in rural Uttar Pradesh. The calculated odds ratio shows a 2.008 times higher probability of literate male farmers taking a loan from formal credit than others. Likewise, there is a 3.10 times higher probability of taking formal credit if farmers follow technical advice provided by agricultural universities, NGOs, and scientists through open-source platforms. Hence, the following policies are suggested to deal with indebtedness: (i) Policymakers can choose to intervene in the rural credit lending system by liberalising policy to more accurately reflect the characteristics of potential borrowers and in light of their current borrowing strategies, (ii) the BLR results depict a positive relationship with land size, and agricultural households with larger land seem to get more benefits. Therefore, the government should focus on marginal and small farmers, who have larger shares in the total operational landholdings, (iii) safety net programmes like the Public Distribution System (ration cards), in the presence of formal credit, may induce farmers and their families to increase their per capita monthly consumption expenditures, and (vi) State intervention is also required in terms of increasing the size of livestock, as this can be an area where Uttar Pradesh can lead the other States as this will help in diversification in the field of agriculture .

Factors influencing patient delay in individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea: a study based on an integrated model

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder, yet it remains undiagnosed in a large proportion of adults. Objective This study aims to investigate the status of patient delay and provider delay in OSA patients and examine related factors affecting patient delay in OSA individuals in China. Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted on a sample of 309 OSA patients (aged from 18 to 76, median age of 47 years, 84.8% male) in Northeast China. Participants were required to complete the sociodemographic questionnaire, the symptom characteristics questionnaire, the help-seeking attitude scale (HSAS), the social support rating scale and the chronic disease self-efficacy scales (CDSES) to test the hypothesis. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore factors that account for the patient delay. Results The median patient delay among OAS patients in this study was 22 months, the median provider delay was one month, and the median total delay was 26 months. As shown by multivariate analysis results, patients who have snored for over 6 years (OR = 3.377, 95%CI: 1.175–9.702) were more likely to experience prolonged patient delays. Per capita monthly family income above 3000 RMB (OR = 0.172, 95%CI: 0.052–0.571), taking up residence in cities or towns (OR = 0.484, 95%CI: 0.248–0.946), higher self-recognition of the disease (OR = 0.793, 95%CI: 0.647–0.972), higher objective support (OR = 0.825, 95%CI: 0.739–0.921) and stronger self-efficacy (OR = 0.674, 95%CI: 0.525–0.867) were significantly associated with shorter patient delays. Conclusion Patient delay is common in Chinese OSA patients. The upstream factors affecting the patient delay in individuals with OSA include income, place of residence, and objective support; midstream factors include self-recognition of the disease and self-efficacy; downstream factors include years of snoring. KEY MESSAGES Despite being a high-prevalence disease, many obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients are not clearly diagnosed and treated. The factors affecting the delay in seeking medical treatment in individuals with OSA included income, place of residence, objective support, self-recognition of the disease, self-efficacy and years of snoring. Investigations into OSA patients’ care-seeking behaviours can better reflect the secondary prevention of OSA, and it is crucial to pay attention to the delayed phase of patients.

Validation of the Chinese version of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire.

The Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (WFRQ) is one of the most widely used and strong theory-based measurement tools of family resilience. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the Chinese version of the WFRQ (WFRQ-C). The WFRQ was translated following Brislin's translation model. Psychometric testing, combining classical theory test and item response theory, was conducted with a sample of 800 community adult residents. The Connor-Davidson resilience scale-10 (CD-RISC-10), Self-reported Family Happiness Scale (SFHS-1), and Family APGAR (Adaption, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve) Scale (Family APGAR-5) were applied for convergent validity. Six items were deleted at the item analysis level. The minimum average partial test and a parallel analysis supported a three-factor structure, which was validated by confirmatory factor analysis. The three factors were named "Family belief system," "Organization, communication and problem solving," and "Utilization of external resources." The WFRQ-C was significantly correlated with CD-RISC-10, SFHS-1, and Family APGAR-5, with r values ranged from 0.51 to 0.56. The Cronbach's α was 0.97 for the scale and 0.93, 0.95, and 0.72 for the three factors, respectively. The ICCs of 0.96 for the whole scale, and 0.95, 0.75, and 0.95 for the three factors, respectively. The mean score for the WFRQ-C was 97.00 ± 17.94, of which per capita monthly income and education level were predictors. The 26-item WFRQ-C is a stable, concise, and validated tool to measure family resilience. It is applicable for Chinese community adults in nonspecific stressful settings and has potential utility in the health care domain.

Transfusion-transmitted infections, its risk factors and impact on quality of life: An epidemiological study among β-thalassemia major children.

BACKGROUND:Multi-transfused thalassemic children are at higher risk of acquiring transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). There are limited data available on TTIs among thalassemic children, especially on its impact on their quality of life (QoL).AIM:The aim of this study is to find out the proportion of multi-transfused β-thalassemia major (β-TM) children suffering from TTIs, its risk factors and impact on QoL.METHODS:This was a hospital-based, analytical observational study, cross-sectional in design, conducted among 328 β-TM children and their caregivers attending thalassemia day care unit of a medical college during May 2015–April 2016, with a structured schedule. Data were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.RESULTS:Two-fifth (39.9%) of them were found to have TTIs with hepatitis C being the most common (34.5%), followed by hepatitis B (4.5%) and human immunodeficiency virus (1.8%). In the multivariable model, place of residence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] – 2.23 [1.19–4.17]), per capita monthly family income (AOR – 1.84 [1.10–3.07]), and blood transfusion frequency (AOR – 1.19 [1.10–1.29]) were significant predictors of TTIs adjusted with their age, age at diagnosis, last pretransfusional hemoglobin level, size of spleen, and caregivers knowledge regarding the disease. The study participants with TTIs had a lower QoL compared to others as there were significant differences in between the total QoL scores ([49.9 ± 15.6 vs. 57.4 ± 15.5], P ≤ 0.001) and its various domains.CONCLUSION:There was high burden of TTIs among multi-transfused β-TM children and it has significant negative impact on their quality of lives.

Sex-based differences in the prevalence of and risk factors for depression in adult patients with epilepsy in Northeast China

ObjectivesTo confirm whether the prevalence of depression in patients with epilepsy (PWE) is different between the sexes, whether risk factors for depression vary between the sexes, and whether the association between cognitive function and depression in PWE is influenced by patient sex. MethodsA cohort of consecutive PWE from the First Hospital of Jilin University (Changchun, China) was recruited. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy scale, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for depression in both male and female PWE. ResultsFemale PWE experienced more serious depressive symptoms (p = 0.001) than male PWE. Risk factors affecting comorbid depression varied according to sex. Among male PWE, per capita monthly family income (odds ratio [OR] 0.515 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.311–0.851]; P = 0.01), seizure frequency over the past year (OR 1.586 [95% CI 1.019–2.468], P = 0.041), polytherapy (OR 0.446 [95% CI 0.214–0.931]; P = 0.032), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale score (OR 0.926 [95% CI 0.873–0.982]; P = 0.011) were independent risk factors for depression. Among female PWE, educational level (OR 0.604 [95% CI 0.364–1]; P = 0.05) and MoCA scale score (OR 0.921 [95% CI 0.859–0.987]; P = 0.02) were independent risk factors for depression. ConclusionDepression was a common psychiatric comorbidity among PWE, and the prevalence of and risk factors for depression differed between males and females.

Exploring the breastfeeding knowledge level and its influencing factors of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

BackgroundStudies reveal that promoting the breastfeeding knowledge level help to improve breastfeeding behaviors. Promoting breastfeeding knowledge is a simple and economical way to increase breastfeeding rates. However, there are no studies focus on the level of breastfeeding knowledge and factors influencing the knowledge in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is defined as any degree of glucose tolerance impairment first diagnosed during pregnancy. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the breastfeeding knowledge level of GDM pregnant women and explore factors influencing the knowledge level.MethodsCross-sectional survey and convenience sampling were conducted in this study. The sociodemographic characteristics, caregivers in pregnancy, knowledge source, breastfeeding status and breast status information of participants were collected. Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale was used to assess the breastfeeding knowledge level of pregnant women with GDM. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence factors of breastfeeding knowledge level in this study.ResultsA total of 226 questionnaires were issued and finally 212 valid questionnaires were collected. Some misconceptions still existed (e.g. ‘breastfeeding cannot prevent your baby from being overweight’ and ‘it is advisable to breastfeed 3-4 times per day within 2-3 days after delivery’), although women with GDM had a good score of breastfeeding knowledge (mean score: 103.5 ± 10.4). Multiple linear regression analysis found that gestational age, family per capita monthly income, educational level, knowledge source were the independent protective factors for breastfeeding knowledge and minority nationality was the independent risk factor. The educational level had the greatest influence on the breastfeeding knowledge level of GDM pregnant women (β = 0.210, t = 2.978, P = 0.003).ConclusionGDM pregnant women with insufficient gestational age, low educational level, low family per capita monthly income and single access to knowledge should be included in the focus of health education on breastfeeding. In-depth and systematic health education should be conducted for pregnant women with GDM to improve their breastfeeding rate.

Impacts of social inequalities on the survival of heart transplant recipients in a developing country.

Heart transplant (HT) is an alternative for patients with advanced heart failure (HF). Social inequalities may influence survival, but are still not well understood. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of social and clinical inequalities on the survival of HT recipients. Retrospective cohort study conducted at a Brazilian hospital from 2006 to 2018. Three hundred and two patients were analyzed. Most HT recipients were male (205, 67.9%), mixed race 146 (48.3%), retired (166, 56.5%), median age 47 (38-57) years, and had studied no more than eight years (191, 65.8%), were younger than 60years old (256, 84.7%). 149 (51.7%) had per capita monthly income inferior to one Brazilian minimum wage, equivalent to US$250. 123 (95.4%) out of 129 patients had allograft cellular rejection 2R or 3R. Median donor age was 32 (23-39) years. The overall survival was 76.6%, 62.2%, and 58.2%, at 1, 5, and 10years, respectively. Age <60years old and higher income were associated with a greater chance of survival (p-values .009 and <.001, respectively). Younger age and higher per capita income had positive impact on HT recipient survival. The level of education did not affect survival in this cohort.

Decomposing Inequality in Household Consumption Expenditure in Malaysia

This study aims to examine the sources and determinants of consumption expenditure inequality in Malaysia as well as to quantify their proportional contributions to the total explained inequality using the Household Expenditure Survey (HES) data for the year 2014 collected from the Malaysian Department of Statistics (DOSM). The study applies Field’s regression-based decomposition method to the log-linear regression model of per capita monthly consumption expenditure. It is found that the model explains about 55.2% of the variability in the logged monthly consumption expenditure per capita. The findings suggest that the size of households, education of household heads, and regional variations are the major contributing factors to consumption expenditure inequality in Malaysia, with household size being among the highest. Other household head characteristics, including ethnicity, strata, and citizenship, have small contributions to the total explained inequality. However, sex and age of household heads contributed negatively to inequality and have inequality decreasing effects, with a negative impact on inequality. A large percentage of unexplained inequality is not captured by these factors, which may be attributed to either unobserved household attributes or residuals. The results are important for policy implications and should be taken into account in formulating future policies, especially those aiming to reduce inequality among the population and thus improving living standards and well-being.

Analysis of quality of life and influencing factors of decompensated cirrhosis patients with intestinal obstruction

Objective To explore the life quality of decompensated cirrhosis complicated with intestinal obstruction patients and analyze its influencing factors, and provide basis for clinical intervention. Methods In Affiliated People′s Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, a retrospective collection of 39 patients with decompensated cirrhosis complicated with intestinal obstruction from August 2018 to August 2019 were included in the observation group, including 25 males and 14 females, aged (52.34±2.64) years old, ranging from 39 to 64 years old. A total of 42 patients with decompensated cirrhosis not complicated with intestinal obstruction were selected as the control group by random number table method in simple random sampling, including 30 males and 12 females, aged (51.34±3.45), ranging from 37 to 68 years old. The patients in the two groups were investigated by using the chronic liver disease patient quality of life scale- chronic liver disease questionnaire. The abdominal symptoms, fatigue, systemic symptoms, activity, emotion, anxiety, and the total score of quality of life of the patients in the two groups were compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Among them, measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as (Mean±SD), and comparison between groups was evaluated by t test; Comparison of count data was evaluated by chi- square test. Factors affecting quality of life were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results The scores of abdominal symptoms, fatigue, systemic symptoms, activity, emotion, anxiety and the total score of the observation group were (5.58±1.79), (4.23±1.74), (4.93±1.39), (5.36±1.36), (4.74±1.05), (4.26±1.25), (31.06±6.53), respectively. The scores of the control group were(6.27±1.12), (5.47±1.26), (6.14±0.78), (5.88±0.93), (5.45±0.82), (4.96±0.94), (33.79±4.01), respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Multiple linear regression results showed that disease course, child-pugh classification of liver function, discomfort symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension and fatigue, nutrition status, gender, age, medical expenses payment method, family per capita monthly income and anxiety were influencing factors. Conclusions Decompensated cirrhosis complicated with intestinal obstruction patients life quality is lower than decompensated cirrhosis not complicated with intestinal obstruction patients, and the influencing factors include disease-related factors and non-disease-related factors. Medical staff should give patients corresponding intervention according to their conditions to improve the quality of life of patients as much as possible. Key words: Liver cirrhosis; Intestinal obstruction; Decompensated cirrhosis; Quality of life

Ardahan İli Su Ürünleri Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ardahan ili ve ilçelerinde yaşayanların su ürünleri tüketim alışkanlıklarını belirlemektir. 2014-2015 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen çalışma, su ürünleri tüketim alışkanlıklarını ölçmek amacıyla hazırlanmış anket formu kullanılarak tüketicilerle yüz yüze gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın materyalini 302 kişiden yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile toplanan veriler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma sonucuna göre demografik veriler incelendiğinde; katılımcıların %73,84‘ünün Ardahan‘ın yerlisi ve %26,15‘inin göçmen olduğu yine katılımcıların %38,08‘i kadın, %61,92‘sinin erkek olduğu, yaş ortalamasının 32,50, ortalama aylık gelirlerinin ise 1862,80 TL olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına göre, kişi başına düşen yıllık balık tüketimi 39 kg, kişi başına düşen aylık balık tüketimi ise 3,25 kg dır. Tatlı su balıklarından en çok tercih edilen tür alabalık (%75,22) iken, deniz balıklarında hamsi olduğu (%48,57) görülmüştür. Katılımcıların %21,98‘i balıketi, %18,73‘ü tavuk eti, %17,62‘si dana eti, %13,52‘si kaz eti, %13,34‘ü koyun eti, %6,67‘si keçi eti, %4,19‘u hindi eti tüketirken, sadece %1,71‘i ise midye, karides gibi su canlılarını tercih etmektedirler. Balığın tercih edilmesinin nedenlerinin başında %45,03 ile sağlıklı olması gelmektedir. Tüketicilerin %76,49‘unun balık dışında su ürünleri tüketmediği saptanmıştır. Diğer su ürünlerinden en çok tüketilen %11,92 ile midyedir. Sonuç olarak Ardahan‘ın, denize kıyısının olmaması ve halkının sosyo-ekonomik düzeyinin yüksek olmamasına rağmen, balıketi tüketiminin fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Geçim kaynağı olarak büyükbaş hayvancılıkla uğraşan bölge halkı su ürünleri tüketmeyi tercih etmektedir. Ardahan bu yönü ile Türkiye‘ye örnek olabilecek düzeydedir.

Prevalence, risk factors and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes of anaemia in Chinese pregnant women: a multicentre retrospective study

BackgroundAnaemia in pregnant women is a public health problem, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and related risk factors of anaemia during pregnancy in a large multicentre retrospective study (n = 44,002) and to determine the adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with or without anaemia.MethodsThe study is a secondary data analysis of a retrospective study named “Gestational diabetes mellitus Prevalence Survey (GPS) study in China”. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic characteristics, haemoglobin levels and pregnancy outcomes from all the participants. Anaemia in pregnancy is defined as haemoglobin < 110 g/L. We used SPSS software to assess the predictors of anaemia and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsThe overall prevalence of anaemia was 23.5%. Maternal anaemia was significantly associated with maternal age ≥ 35 years (AOR = 1.386), family per capita monthly income< 1000 CNY (AOR = 1.671), rural residence (AOR = 1.308) and pre-pregnancy BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (AOR = 1.237). Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including GDM, polyhydramnios, preterm birth, low birth weight (< 2500 g), neonatal complications and NICU admission, increased significantly (P < 0.001) in those with anaemia than those without.ConclusionsThe results indicated that anaemia continues to be a severe health problem among pregnant women in China. Anaemia is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women should receive routine antenatal care and be given selective iron supplementation when appropriate.

Relationship among willing acceptance, striving and subjective well-being

Objective To investigate the relationship with willing acceptance, striving and subjective well-being(SWB). Methods A total of 1800 staff of a general hospital in Changsha were assessed by willing acceptance and striving questionnaire (WASQ) and the brief subjective well-being scale for Chinese citizen (SWBS-cc20). Results (1)The average level of willing acceptance, striving and SWB of hospital staff were 41.71±13.92, 51.45±17.08 and 84.55±21.48.(2)There were statistically significant differences among SWB in different marital status, educational level, profession, professional title, family per capita monthly income and ages(all P<0.05). (3) The score of SWB in high willing acceptance group was significantly higher than that in low willing acceptance group (t=16.18, P<0.01), while the score of SWB in high striving group was significantly higher than that in low striving group (t=17.39, P<0.01). (4)Willing acceptance and striving had positive correlation with SWB (r=0.697, r=0.700, P<0.01). (5) Willing acceptance (β=0.502, P<0.01) and striving (β=0.490, P<0.01) positively predicted subjective well-being (R2=0.499, P<0.01). Conclusions Willing acceptance and striving can improve the level of SWB and promote mental health. Key words: Willing acceptance; Striving; Subjective well-being; Mental health

Study on prevalence of physical activity in rural residents in four counties (districts) of Shanxi and Chongqing

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of physical activity and its influencing factors in rural residents in Shanxi and Chongqing. Methods: In four counties (districts) of Shanxi and Chongqing, local residents aged ≥18 who lived there for more than one year and had no plan to migrate to other areas in 2 years were surveyed through face to face questionnaire interviews to collect the information about their daily physical activity time, sedentary time, related knowledge and attitude, and others. Results: The physical inactivity rate of the residents was 14.9%, and 88.7% of residents never took daily physical activity. The average sedentary time was (3.91±2.06) hours. The results of multivariate analysis showed that education level, per capita monthly income and activity degree were the factors influencing physical inactivity. Conclusion: The proportion of people who never took daily physical activity in the survey area was higher than the average level in rural areas in China, so measures should be taken to improve the overall rate of physical activity. For people who have exercise willingness, but have no practice, and those who have already increased their physical activities, targeted guidance is needed on the basis of strengthened health education.

Household Characteristic of Public Distribution System Beneficiaries and Per Capita Monthly Off-Take of Subsidized Rice in Arunachal Pradesh: With Reference to East and West Siang Districts

Public Distribution System is a welfare program through which highly subsidize food and non-food grains are allocate to the identified households. As such under this program the beneficiaries are identified into four categories viz; Above Poverty Line (APL), Below Poverty Line (BPL), Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Annapurna. Rice is one of the staple food grains of Arunachal Pradesh. Therefore, present paper ponders only on per capita monthly off-take of subsidized rice from the Public Distribution System program in Arunachal Pradesh.

Institutional versus non-institutional credit to agricultural households in India: Evidence on impact from a national farmers’ survey

A goal of agricultural policy in India has been to reduce farmers’ dependence on informal credit. To that end, recent initiatives are focused explicitly on rural areas and have a positive impact on the flow of agricultural credit. Despite the significance of the above initiatives in enhancing the flow of institutional credit to agriculture, the links between institutional credit and net farm income and consumption expenditures in India are not very well documented. Using large, national farm household level data and IV 2SLS estimation methods, we investigate the role of institutional farm credit on farm income and farm household consumption expenditures. Findings show that, in India, formal credit does indeed play a critical role in increasing both net farm income and per capita monthly household expenditures of Indian farm families. Finally, we find that, in the presence of formal credit, social safety net programs like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) may have unintended consequences. In particular, MGNREGA reduces both net farm income and per capita monthly household consumption expenditures. On the other hand, in the presence of formal credit, the Public Distribution System may increase both net farm income and per capita monthly household consumption expenditures.

Dairy products consumption in Brazil is associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors: Results from the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the consumption of dairy products in the Brazilian population. Methods: Data from two non-consecutive food records from 34,003 individuals (aged ³10 years) in the first Brazilian nationally representative dietary survey (2008-2009) were used to estimate the dairy products intake. Dairy products were divided into four major subgroups: cow's milk, cheese, yogurt and other dairy products. Absolute and relative frequencies of individuals in the population who reported consumption of dairy products in at least one of the two-day food record according to sex, age, geographic region and levels of per capita monthly family income were calculated. Moreover, the mean consumption of dairy products, as well as their nutritional contribution in total energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium intake was estimated. Results: It was observed that only 43.0% of the population reported consuming dairy products, being the milk subgroup the most frequently consumed (21.1%). The prevalence of consumption was higher among females, elderly, residents of the South region, and among individuals from higher per capita monthly family income. The nutritional contribution of dairy products was less than 10.0% of total energy intake and for most nutrients and the mean daily consumption are justified was 101.8g. Conclusion: Therefore, in view of the low intake of dairy products by Brazilian population and the nutritional benefits associated with this food group, public health strategies to increase dairy consumption are justified.