Energy Consumption Capacity Research Articles

Multi-objective tradeoff optimization of predictive adaptive cruising control for autonomous electric buses: A cyber-physical-energy system approach

Recently, Cyber-Physical System (CPS) has served as a cutting-edge technology for next-generation industrial applications, and is developing rapidly and inspires many application domains. The autonomous electric bus (AEB) that integrates the communication, perception, and control within vehicle dynamics is a typical CPS. However, the energy management is ignored in the vehicle cyber-physical system. Thus, a novelty cyber-physical-energy system (CPES) approach with deep integration and interaction of the cyber system with physical system for the energy management used cruising control is imposed. Under the new CPES framework, the energy consumption and battery capacity degradation are optimized in different driving environment. Simulation results show that the tradeoff optimization control algorithm can keep battery health by optimizing motor operating mode with a slightly penalty on the energy consumption. The total system cost effective analysis shows that the battery service lifetime is improved by about 41.59% with the proposed method, and even with the slightly sacrifice of power consumption, the whole vehicle economy is improved by about 10.08%, compared with the strategy optimizing the power consumption only. Additionally, the equivalent driving distance is significantly extended up to 70.87% when compared to the case that only energy consumption is optimized. Besides, the AEB with CPES framework not only keeps the host vehicle within the safe distance with the preceding vehicle, but optimizes the motion planning as well. The results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the CPES-based optimization framework, and demonstrate the advantages of the tradeoff optimization energy management strategy.

Improving the efficiency of a steam power plant cycle by integrating a rotary indirect dryer

This article deals with the integration of a rotary indirect dryer, heated by low pressure extraction steam, into the Rankine cycle. The article evaluates the power generation efficiency of a steam power plant, with an integrated indirect dryer, which combusts waste biomass with a high moisture content and is further compared to the same plant without the dryer. The benefits of the dryer’s integration are analysed in respect to various moisture contents of biomass before and after the drying. The evaluation of the power generation efficiency is based on parameters evaluated from experiments carried out on the steam-heated rotary indirect dryer, such as specific energy consumption and evaporation capacity. The dryer’s integration improves the efficiency of the cycle in comparison to a cycle without a dryer, where moist biomass is directly combusted. This improvement increases along with the difference between the moisture content before and after the drying. For the reference state, a fuel with a moisture content of 50% was dried to 20% and the efficiency rised by 4.38 %. When the fuel with a moisture content of 60% is dried to 10 %, the power generation efficiency increases by a further 10.1 %. However, the required dryer surface for drying the fuel with a moisture content of 60% to 10% is 1.9 times greater as compared to the reference state. The results of the work can be used both for the prediction of the power generation efficiency in a power plant with this type of dryer based on the moisture content in the fuel and the biomass indirect dryer design.

Integration of energy storage system and renewable energy sources based on artificial intelligence: An overview

Energy storage technology plays a role in improving new energy consumption capacities, ensuring the stable and economic operation of power systems, and promoting the widespread application of renewable energy technologies. Several new developments, ideas, approaches, and technologies have been introduced into this area from fields including materials, knowledge manage, electricity, control, and artificial intelligence. Based on the technical characteristics of renewable energy, this study reviews the roles, classifications, design optimisation methods, and applications of energy storage systems in power systems. First, we introduce the different types of energy storage technologies and applications, e.g. for utility-based power generation, transportation, heating, and cooling. Second, we briefly introduce the states of an energy storage system, along with its operation processes and energy storage capacity. Third, a comprehensive review is conducted on artificial intelligence applications in regards to optimisation system configuration, and energy control strategy, along with the applicability of different energy storage technologies. Finally, several issues and insights are discussed, offering new inspiration and concepts for the future study of integrated energy storage systems.

A new framework for the sustainable development goals of Saudi Arabia

Achieving sustainable development goals agenda 2030 is the aspiration of all the United Nation’s member countries. Countries have an uneven distribution of natural resources, economic strength, and capacity building. Many studies analyze these goals using various models and considering different aspects of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia's (KSA) economy. However, none of the studies modelled the key indicators mathematically to quantify the achievement level towards vision 2030; hence aims to bridge the existing literature gap In this paper, the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of KSA are considered, a mathematical model is formulated in light of fuzzy and weighted goal programming using membership function. The model comprises three goals related to the gross domestic product, sustainable energy consumption and employment capacity of the economy's contributing sectors. The analytic hierarchy process integrated to compute the goals’ weights using row geometric mean method. The study established the goals's satisfaction level with 57% overall achievement of the vision 2030. Individually, economic growth goal is 45% achievable. The clean energy consumption-related goal is 67% realizable. The employment-related goal is 78% attainable within the time frame of the vision 2030. The study suggests that KSA diversify its energy sector by concentrating and investing more resources in alternative energy sources, including renewable energy such as solar, wind, biomass, and nuclear energy. Also, there is a need to involve more vibrant and talented youths in the critical decision-making process. The model is simple and can be replicable in a similar country with slight modifications.

Research on the Ability of Regional New Energy Consumption Based on the Coupling Coefficients of Time-series

In this study, a method for the investigation of the available capacity of new energy based on the time-series coupling coefficients of the combination of regional wind power, photovoltaic and load was proposed, with the aim of getting an in depth understanding of the regional new energy consumption capacity, and a more accurate amount on the regional potential installation capacity. The typical scenario of new energy high output in the area was determined based on the historical measured power and load data, and the time-series coupling coefficients of the combination of wind power, photovoltaic and load in the area were summarized. The regional new energy consumption capacity and the potential installation capacity for the next three years were quantitatively calculated based on the time-series coupling coefficients. The accuracy and reliability of this method compared with traditional methods were analyzed.

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MILD STEEL DAMPERS ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF SELF-RESETTING PIER


 
 
 In order to improve the energy consumption capacity of the assembled self-resetting pier, the mild steel damper is added to the prefabricated self-resetting pier to form a prefabricated self- resetting pier with an external mild steel damper. Two sets of pier models were established by numerical simulation. On the basis of verifying the correctness of the traditional prefabricated self- resetting pier model, the two sets of pier models were subjected to low-cycle reciprocating loading to study the influence of the mild steel damper yield strength parameters and the pier axial compression ratio parameters on the seismic performance of the pier structure. The results show that compared with traditional prefabricated self-resetting piers, the hysteresis curve of self-resetting piers with mild steel dampers is fuller, and energy consumption and bearing capacity are greatly improved. With the increase of the yield strength of the mild steel damper, the energy consumption capacity will decrease when the loading displacement is less than 25mm, but the overall energy consumption capacity will increase. As the axial compression ratio of the pier column increases, the bearing capacity and energy consumption capacity of the structure increase significantly, but the impact is not obvious when the axial compression ratio exceeds 0.052.
 
 

Seismic behavior of steel fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete mid-rise shear walls with high-strength steel rebar

To investigate the seismic behavior of shear walls with high-strength materials, cyclical quasi-static tests on five half-scale shear walls with an aspect ratio of 1.5 were carried out, including four conventional reinforced concrete walls and one composite wall. The steel fiber-reinforced concrete shear wall with HRB 600 MPa reinforcement located completely in the boundary element and in the wall web was taken as the reference specimen. The presence of steel fibers, the strength of wall web rebar, and the presence of high-strength reinforcement diagonal bracing (X configuration) were selected as major test parameters for the other three conventional walls. The results reveal that the high-strength concrete (HSC) shear wall with high-strength steel rebar (HSSR) showed stable hysteresis performance, and all specimens had acceptable crack widths and residual deformations before a lateral drift of 1%, except for the nonfiber-reinforced concrete specimen. The addition of steel fibers can reduce the crack width, limit the shear crack development, and increase the flexibility deformation, thus improving the deformation capacity of the specimens. Using HRB 600 MPa reinforcement instead of HRB 400 MPa reinforcement as wall web rebar can significantly reduce the residual deformation. The specimen with high-strength reinforcement diagonal bracing in the wall web and the composite shear wall with a built-in steel truss not only had desirable repairability after a large earthquake but also showed much higher energy consumption capacity under a strong earthquake. Finally, based on the experimental and theoretical analysis, a simple method for calculating the lateral strength was established, and the predicted results showed good agreement with the test data.

Enhancing the EB-FRP strengthening effectiveness by incorporating a cracking-control layer of ECC with different thicknesses

The multiple and tight cracking nature of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) under tension can significantly mitigate or eliminate the premature debonding of externally bonded (EB) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). This paper systematically investigates the flexural performance of concrete beams that were jointly strengthened by hybrid carbon FRP (CFRP) and ECC. The ECC layer realizes the dual-function of maximizing the strengthening effectiveness and contributing additional flexural strength. The test results indicate that the inclusion of an ECC layer changed the CFRP strip from debonding to rupture at the ultimate state, which in turn remarkably increased the member flexural capacity, the energy consumption capacity and ductility, compared to the EB-CFRP strengthened counterpart. The CFRP rupture occurred even though the ECC thickness was only half that of the concrete cover. Further increasing ECC thickness contributed marginally to the member load capacity and ductility until when the ECC total enwrapped longitudinal reinforcement. The optimal thickness of ECC was discussed. The crack width of the concrete block was considerably narrowed after applying the ECC layer. Finally, a model was developed to predict the flexural strength of CFRP-ECC jointly strengthened beams, providing good agreement between the predicted and experimental results.

Research on New Energy Consumption Capacity Based on Grid Aggregation Model

In recent years, with the rapid development of wind power, photovoltaic and other renewable energy, the installed capacity of renewable energy in the power system is increasing day by day. When wind power and photovoltaic reach a certain scale, their inherent output intermittence and volatility will seriously affect the stability of the system. Therefore, based on the historical load and renewable energy output of a certain region, the load curve and new energy output curve are given. Based on the power grid aggregation model, the rationality of the regional power planning is evaluated. Finally, based on the evaluation results, the limit of renewable energy consumption capacity in the region is studied. The research results can provide reference for new energy consumption capacity evaluation and power planning.

Seismic performance analysis of corrugated-steel-plate composite shear wall based on corner failure

This study investigates the hysteretic performance of corrugated steel plate composite shear walls. Six shear walls were designed for experimental research to analyze the failure process and mode, hysteresis diagrams, backbone curves, energy consumption capacity, and stiffness degradation. The peak loads of SPCSW-1, SPCSW-2, and SPCSW-3 were 688.8 kN, 733.0 kN, and 547.2 kN, respectively, representing increases of 252.8%, 200.4%, and 141.8% (compared with SPSWs: 272.5 kN, 365.7 kN, and 385.8 kN). According to the experimental failure mode, the conventional model was further optimized to achieve corner cracking. The optimization scheme and mechanism analysis of the model were explored. The shear strength formula for a horizontal corrugated steel plate composite shear wall was revised, considering the adverse effect of corner failure, and the shear sharing percentage was determined. The simulation results indicate that the steel type may affect the peak load of the composite shear wall. The energy consumption ratio of the outside concrete, steel plate, and tension column to the pressure column is 13:3:3:1; the ratio is minimally affected by the steel type. The steel skeleton cannot provide full support due to stress concentration after the failure of the concrete corner, which causes adverse conditions. The revised formula was demonstrated to be more accurate for the shear strength calculation of a horizontal corrugated steel plate composite shear wall.

Experimental and numerical analyses on aluminium alloy H-section members under eccentric cyclic loading

This paper considered the combination of cyclic load and eccentric load to study the hysteretic performance of H-section 6061-T6 aluminium alloy members For this reason, this study designs and conducts the eccentric cyclic loading test of three H-section 6061-T6 aluminium alloy members with different slenderness ratios based on a reliable test system. The failure form, failure process, and bearing capacity of each member are analysed. The results show that for eccentrically loaded members, no overall buckling is observed during loading. Moreover, the members along the longitudinal direction do not fully develop plasticity, whereby such plasticity in the full sections is avoided. Plastic local buckling controls the failure mechanism of all specimens, leading to degradation in the stiffness of the specimens and generation of subsequent cracks at the local buckling sites of the webs, which in turn leads to fracture failure. Simultaneously, on the basis of the Chaboche hybrid strengthening model, the member model was established using the ABAQUS finite element (FE) software. Furthermore, the material parameters were calibrated using material test data and fitted the cyclic constitutive relationship of aluminium alloy. The effectiveness of the FE simulation method and the rationality of the constitutive model was accurately verified by experimental results. Additionally, the parameter analysis of eighteen members with different cross-sections, slenderness ratios, and eccentricities was carried out. It is shown that the increase of slenderness ratio and eccentricity result in weakening of the energy consumption capacity and bearing capacity obviously, which thereby provides a reference for the seismic design of aluminium alloy structures.

Study on the effect of stepwise warming on two-phase anaerobic fermentation of cow manure

In order to explore the influence of different stepwise heating methods for the acid-producing phase on the gas production of the methane-producing phase, the stepwise heating method with the best acidification, the highest gas production and the best energy-saving effect was obtained. Using cow dung as the raw material, the acid-producing phase is used for stepwise warming, the temperature increase range is 20–35 °C, set three different step-by-step heating methods respectively: the first group is heated by 5 °C/2 d, and the second group is heated by 2.5 °C/d; the third group was heated by 2 °C, 8 °C and 5 °C respectively once every other day; constant temperature fermentation after heating to 35 °C; and a set of acid-producing phase constant temperature 35 °C fermentation; the methane-producing phase is always fermented at a constant temperature of 38 °C; analyze the changes of different parameters. The results show that, in the first group, the total mass concentration of volatile fatty acids is 9372.46 mg/L; the proportion of the total concentration of acetic acid butyric acid to the mass concentration of volatile fatty acids is 77 %; the cumulative gas production volume is 6253 mL, and the cumulative methane production volume is 3741 mL, the total energy consumption is 638.32 kJ, and the heat generated by biogas combustion is 156.33 kJ; the difference between system energy consumption and production capacity is 481.99 kJ. As for the second group, the total mass concentration of volatile fatty acids is 7810.49 mg/L, and the proportion of the total concentration of acetic acid butyric acid to the mass concentration of volatile fatty acids is 74 %. The cumulative gas production volume is 4583 mL, and the cumulative methane production volume is 2521 mL. The total energy consumption is 629.46 kJ, and the heat generated by biogas combustion is 114.58 kJ. Moreover, the difference between system energy consumption and production capacity is 514.88 kJ. In the third group, the total mass concentration of volatile fatty acids is 7664.71 mg/L, the proportion of the total concentration of acetic acid butyric acid to the mass concentration of volatile fatty acids is 75 %; the cumulative gas production volume is 4606 mL, the cumulative methane production volume is 2579 mL. The total energy consumption is 624.18 kJ, and the heat generated by biogas combustion is 115.15 kJ. The difference between system energy consumption and production capacity is 509.03 kJ. In the constant temperature 35 °C group, by contrast, the cumulative gas production volume is 6565 mL, the cumulative methane production volume is 3939 mL. The total energy consumption is 765.74 kJ, and the heat generated by biogas combustion is 164.13 kJ. The difference between system energy consumption and production capacity is 601.61 kJ. According to the comparative analysis of the three groups, the first group has the best acidification effect and highest gas production, and the difference in energy consumption compared with the constant temperature group is also lower, which is more economical. Therefore, the step-by-step heating method of 5 °C/2 d is the best.

Multi-domainsdispatching method for power system considering energy storage

Reasonably arranging the matching of power sources is an effective mean to improve the capacity of new energy consumption. Using the dispatching characteristics of the transferable load of the energy storage systems can play an important role in the actual dispatch of the power system. From the perspective of flexible scheduling, a multi-domain scheduling method is proposed, which comprehensively considers the influence of factors such as load, wind power output random fluctuations and system adjustment capabilities, and redistributes it into three control domains. That is, the normal control domains with the goal of completely absorbing wind power, anomaly control domain where the energy storage systems needs to be used to absorb wind power, and the emergency control domain where there is no regulation ability and forced to abandon wind. To maximizing clean energy consumption, CPLEX software is used to optimize output and realize multi-domain green economic dispatch. The calculation example shows that this method can effectively improve the absorption capacity of clean energy.

Effect of Diffuser Height on Thermocline in Stratified Chilled Water Storage Tank

Chilled water energy storage using thermal stratification technique currently used in the vast area because it contributes to reducing energy consumption and refrigeration capacity as well as its maintenance, operating and capital costs are low. In this paper, experimental tests were carried out on a small-scale vertical cylindrical storage tank equipped with an elbow-type conventional diffuser at inlet heights of 20, 170, 320 and 470mm for flow charging rates from 1.5-7.5l/min. in order to obtain a good thermal separation. The degree of stratification was estimated by means of temperature distributions and performance metrics, which involve thermocline thickness, the half-cycle figure of merit and equivalent lost tank height. The results show that the decrease in diffuser height above the tank floor tends to the steep thermocline or satisfactory thermal separation, the stratification and thermal performance were obtained at diffuser height of 20 mm within the limiting volume flow rates 1.5-4.5 l/min. better than those at volume flow rates ranging from 5.5-7.5l/min. and much better than at diffuser heights of 170, 320 and 470mm for various flow rates.

The Influence of Axial Compression Ratio on the Seismic Behavior of RC Frame Column

In order to analyze the quantitative influence of the axial compression ratio on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frame column, this paper carried out the numerical analysis of the quasi-static simulation of a RC frame column and analyzed its hysteresis performance, bearing capacity, stiffness degradation, energy consumption capacity and ductility capacity under different axial compression ratios, based on OpenSees finite element software, considering the buckling and fatigue damage model. The results show that the smaller the axial compression ratio, the fuller the hysteresis curve and the slower the stiffness degradation of the column. The ultimate bearing capacity of the column increases by 24.6% when the axial compression ratio increases from 0.3 to 0.8, but bearing capacity decreasing and stiffness degradation is faster and faster. When the deformation does not exceed the ultimate displacement, the equivalent viscous damping at each displacement level of high axial compression ratio column is greater than that of the low axial compression ratio, but the total hysteretic energy decreases about 64.2% at maximum amplitude. The ultimate displacement gradually decreases with the increase in the axial compression ratio, and the ductility factor decreases about 55.9% at maximum amplitude. The results can be referenced by the seismic design and analysis of RC frame.

Joint Planning of Transmission and Distribution Network Considering Wind-solar Complementarity

The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic output are complementary to a certain extent, which can stabilize the volatility of single new energy power generation to a certain extent and improve the ability of the grid to absorb new energy. This paper aims to study the joint planning method of power transmission and distribution network considering the complementary characteristics of wind-solar time and space. First, a wind-solar joint distribution model based on the time-varying Copula theory is established, and a wind-solar output simulation method considering the complementary characteristics of time and space is proposed. Then, taking the system investment and new energy consumption capacity as the optimization goals, and taking the system power balance, line transmission capacity, conventional generator set output and climbing capacity as constraints, the joint planning model of transmission and distribution network is established. At last, the analysis of calculation examples proves that the joint planning model of transmission and distribution network considering the complementary characteristics of wind-solar time and space can significantly improve the capacity of the grid to absorb new energy.

Finite Element Analysis On The Mechanical Behaviors Of New Cross-slanted Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Wall

In order to study the mechanical behaviour of the cross-slanted corrugated steel plate shear wall, the performance of the wall under one-way loading and low cycle loading was analyzed using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. And the performance compared between flat steel plate shear wall (FSPW), single inclined corrugated steel plate shear wall (SCSPW) and horizontal corrugated steel plate shear wall (CSPW) was studied. The results show that the effect of self buckling of the models of cross-slanted corrugated steel plate shear wall (CCSPW) is significant due to the interaction of two layers of corrugated steel plates. The yield bearing capacity, ultimate bearing capacity and out of plane deformation of CCSPW are better than those of CSPW, SCSPW and FSPW with the same thickness. The yield bearing capacity is 1.09 times of the same thickness of CSPW, 1.22 times of the same thickness of SCSPW. The ultimate bearing capacity is 1.25 times of the same thickness of CSPW, 1.57 times of SCSPW. And the out of plane deformation is 1/3 of the same thickness of CSPW. Under the low cycle loading, the hysteretic curve of CCSPW is shuttle shaped, full and stable. And there is no obvious “pinching” phenomenon in the whole loading process. Compared with CSPW, SCSPW and FSPW, The CCSPW has better hysteretic performance and energy consumption capacity.

Research on the Diversified Development of Energy System in China

With faster industrial development, the demand for energy increases dramatically. As demand rises, the supply of energy grows a lot. Although with new technologies, traditional energy, such as burning coal, is still the main way of producing energy. Traditional production has a huge and irreversible hurt to the environment, which should be substituted by new clean energy. Finding out the new resources and making them work in the real energy market is the primary goal of energy development. This article mainly describes the current status of China’s natural clean energy, and then combines the advantages and disadvantages of many aspects and proposes several methods suitable for the multiple development of energy. Comprehensively considering the clean and high-efficiency characteristics of future energy development, a circular model of energy consumption and production capacity has been formed in all aspects, reducing energy waste and increasing energy consumption restrictions due to instability. In view of the development characteristics of China’s existing vast land and resources, and the huge energy demand groups, small-quantity, multi-site and diverse energy development is the future trend of China’s energy development. However, the existing utilization and utilization rate of these natural resources are very low, and although a large number of traditional production capacity industries can meet the energy supply demand, they have a great impact on the environment. President Xi once said that green waters and green mountains are our golden and silver mountains. Such environmentally friendly energy development is the ultimate goal we want to achieve.

Efficient Clustering based Genetic Algorithm in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

—Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs) has significant applications that provide free moving for sensor nodes and flexible communication with each other. MWSNs perform many improvements in energy consumption, network lifetime, and channel capacity than static WSNs. The MWSNs need more sophisticated routing protocols than static WSNs due to the unfixed topology based on nodes mobility. This paperpresents an Improved Mobility based Genetic Algorithm Hierarchical routing Protocol (IMGAHP) to handle the packet delivery ratio problem in MGAHP and maximize the network stability period. The proposed protocol is based on two main points. Firstly, utilizing the optimization process (Genetic Algorithm (GA)) to detect the optimum location of Cluster Heads (CHs) and their numbers. Secondly, reassigning timeslots allocated for sensor nodes which moved out of the cluster or didn’t have data to send, to nodes registered in secondary Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) schedule or new joined mobile nodes. Several experiments are implemented on the proposed IMGAHP protocol using the Matlab simulation program to appraise and compare it with MGAHP and other previous protocols. It is shown from the results that the proposed IMGAHP gives preferable enhancement in packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, and network lifetime than all previous protocols.

Experimental Study on the Shear Performance of Steel‐Truss‐Reinforced Concrete Beam‐Column Joints

In order to study the influence of the axial compression ratio and steel ratio on the shear‐carrying capacity of steel‐truss‐reinforced beam‐column joints, five shear failure interior joint specimens were designed. The effect of different coaxial pressure ratios (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) and steel contents on the strain, ultimate bearing capacity, seismic performance, and failure pattern of cross‐inclined ventral and chord bars in the joint core area was investigated. The experimental results show that the load‐displacement hysteretic curves of all test specimens exhibit a bond‐slip phenomenon. With the increase of the axial compression ratio, the ultimate bearing capacity of the joint core increases by 3.4% and 5.9%, respectively. While the ductility decreases by 10.3% and 13.1%, and the energy consumption capacity decreases by 3.2% and 5.8%, respectively. The shear capacity and ductility of the member with cross diagonal ventral steel angle in the joint core are increased by 12.9% and 13.4%, respectively. The shear capacity and ductility of the joint can be significantly improved by increasing the amount of steel in the core area. The expression of shear capacity suitable for this type of joint is obtained by fitting analysis, which can be used as a reference for engineering design.