Energy Consumption Capacity Research Articles

Flexible and adjustable resource backup capacity planning method for port areas with a high percentage of new energy access

In view of the problem of insufficient flexibility in grid regulation caused by the large-scale integration of new energy sources, this paper proposes an interactive regulation method for flexible resources to participate in wind and solar energy consumption and establishes a two-layer optimization model of planning and operation. The planning layer considers the planned capacity of flexible adjustable resources, and the operation layer comprehensively considers economic costs. Flexible resources are coordinated and regulated to achieve multi-objective optimization using a hybrid swarm migration algorithm based on indicators such as the operating costs of each standby unit and the cost of standby resources. The optimization results are then fed back to the planning layer to obtain the optimal regulation scheme. Meanwhile, this paper expands the source of backup resources to include the source-load-storage. It proposes a strategy for coordinating the participation of diversified resources from the source-load-storage in the backup capacity planning. Finally, a simulation analysis is carried out based on the actual power grid of a port. The results show that the reasonable allocation of diversified flexible resources can improve the economy of the power grid, the wind and solar energy consumption capacity, the flexibility of regulation, and the reliable operation capacity, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Investigation of microwave-based CO2 regeneration in a packed bed reactor for Direct Air Capture

This study investigates a microwave-assisted Direct Air Capture (DAC) application using Zeolite 13X to capture CO2 from the atmospheric air in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. For the regeneration process, a mono-mode solid state microwave generator with E orientation cavity was applied to desorb CO2 from the sorbent. The main purpose of this study is to explore microwave-based DAC system since there is no detailed parametric study which evaluates all desorption characteristics including temperature and microwave initial power effects on CO2 productivity, regeneration efficiency, desorption kinetics, energy consumption, temperature homogeneity, adsorption, and desorption capacities. In order to investigate all these desorption characteristics, sixteen non-cycling and ten cycling experiments were performed. In non-cycling experiments, regeneration temperature and microwave initial power changed from 45 ℃ to 100 ℃ and from 5 W to 60 W, respectively. The results illustrate that energy consumption to desorb a kg of CO2 can be as low as 60.37 MJ and 23.97 MJ for 100 % and 70 % regeneration, respectively. In cycling experiments, adsorption capacity of each experiment and the effects of 70 % desorption on the adsorption capacity of following experiments were analyzed at the lowest temperature and power conditions (45 ℃ and 5 W). It was found that 70 % desorption does not have significant effects on the adsorption capacity for the following cycles. This study also proves that complete CO2 regeneration can be achieved even at low temperature and initial power values in 3100 seconds.

The impact of agricultural value added and biomass energy consumption on Vietnam’s environmental quality

This study investigates the impact of biomass energy consumption, agricultural value added, raw material productivity, and gross domestic product growth rate on Vietnam’s environmental quality within the framework of the load capacity curve hypothesis over the period from 1986 to 2021. The analysis employs ARDL estimation and Granger causality tests to examine correlations. The results proved that agricultural value added and biomass energy are critical long-term drivers of environmental quality in Vietnam. The long-term estimation results suggest that a 1% increase in biomass energy consumption contributes to a marginal increase of 0.82% in the load capacity factor. In addition, agricultural value added appears to have a significant diminishing effect on the load capacity factor in Vietnam (an increase of 1% in agriculture value added versus a reduction of the load capacity factor by 2.28%). The study unveils a bidirectional relationship between biomass energy consumption and load capacity factor. These findings suggest that in Vietnam, biomass energy consumption improves environmental quality. In turn, improved environmental quality will promote biomass energy consumption.

Latent Information in the Evolving Energy Structure

Recent studies indicate that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, characterized by its integration of information and communication technology attributes, exerts a multifaceted influence on the energy system. The authors employ Difference-in-Differences (DID) and Triple-Difference (DDD) models to investigate the effects of AI. The research initially demonstrates that AI may exhibit dual attributes of constraining energy structure. Specifically, the rapid development of AI tends to increase the proportion of fossil fuel-based electricity generation while optimizing the consumption of renewable energy. Furthermore, the degradation of energy structure stems from the surge in electricity consumption by AI, which the renewable energy consumption capacity is unable to satisfy. Lastly, industrial agglomeration effects and the construction of the digital economy have positive impacts on development of renewable energy; technological innovation aids in mitigating the negative shocks to the energy structure. This study provides a new perspective on the role of AI technology in energy transition.

Mechanical Behaviors of Orthogonal Spiral Metal Skeleton–Polyurethane Elastomer Composites under Complex Loading Modes

Herein, a novel material design strategy is proposed: an interpenetrating composite composed of a woven orthogonal spiral metal skeleton and polyurethane (PU) elastomer. This interpenetrating composite combines rigidity and flexibility, exhibiting excellent elasticity and deformation recovery. The deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the composites under various loading conditions are investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. Different degrees of warping behaviors occur in composites with various structural parameters under uniaxial tension. Alternating rotations and double spiral arrangements can significantly limit the warping phenomenon, with a maximum reduction of 78%. The bending load capacity is regularly increased by increasing the wire diameter and decreasing the pitch. Increasing the number of loaded spiral wires enhances the bending load capacity of the composites. Uniaxial compression tests demonstrate that the composites have excellent load‐carrying capacity and strain recovery, with compressive strength 1.5 times that of pure PU. Cyclic compression tests further illustrate the excellent energy consumption capacity and stability of the composites. Overall, the introduction of orthogonal spiral skeletons into the composites demonstrates the potential to achieve enhanced load‐carrying capacity and large strain recovery simultaneously.

Wind-Solar-Thermal Power Coupling System in The Power Market Environment Benefit Distribution Studies

With the continuous increase in the proportion of new energy, China’s power system will further increase the capacity and flexibility of new energy consumption capacity and flexibility in the future. The combined operation of renewable energy and thermal power can improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and the economy of thermal power operation to a certain extent, and is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of curtailment of wind and solar power. Based on the combing of the market mode of wind-solar-thermal coupling system, this paper discusses the game relationship between wind power, photovoltaic power and thermal power, and proposes the operation strategy of wind-solar-thermal power coupling system under the spot market; Then, with the goal of maximizing economic benefits, a two-stage stochastic optimization model was constructed in the coupled operation mode and the independent operation mode, respectively, and the contribution of the alliance members in the day-ahead market, flexibility contribution and environmental cost contribution was weighed, and the revenue distribution method between renewable energy and thermal power was proposed by introducing the market contribution index; Finally, based on the simulation and verification of a local power grid in Liaoning Province, the results show that the proposed joint operation strategy effectively improves the overall revenue level, and proposes a gain cooperative revenue distribution strategy with computational efficiency, which fully considers the contribution of each entity to the alliance for fair distribution, and is conducive to guiding the coordinated development of new energy and thermal power.

Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement

Non-structural walls play a very important role in buildings, as they are used to create partitions and provide aesthetic appeal. However, their failures during earthquakes have been a recurring issue. Damage to the infill walls that occurred due to the Kahramanmaraş earthquake on February 6, 2023, was observed in residential and industrial buildings and especially in transformer structures that provide vital electricity distribution. This article presents the findings of field surveys conducted in Kahramanmaraş after recent earthquakes, focusing on non-structural wall collapses that obstructed mainly residential building entrances-exits and structures of particular importance. Within the scope of this study, deficiencies in the certification process in the field of infill walls were seen as the root of workmanship defects. Recommendations were made for the deficiencies in the certification process and for improving the process for the future. Infill walls shouldn’t exhibit out-of-plane behavior, causing loss of life and property and for escape routes to be blocked due to falling walls. With today's technology and engineering, it is possible to positively improve the energy consumption capacity and out-of-plane behavior of infill walls. In this context, a detailed literature review was conducted, and the different techniques used were explained in the article. In addition, explanations were given regarding the force of regulation in Türkiye. Within the scope of the study, the compatibility of regulations and national qualifications in the direction from the design to the production of infill walls is revealed.

Determination of cyclic behavior of various cross-section composite column-beam connections reinforced with FRP composite using FEM analysis and ML models

ABSTRACT This study examined the cyclic behavior of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composite column-beam connectors in various diameters. Mean learning (XGBoost and the random forest algorithm) and numerical methods were used to identify the data collected experimentally due to the rotation behavior. The initial sample had a column length of 1200 mm and a cross-section of 80 × 80 mm, with a beam section measuring 80 × 160 mm. The second sample had a 100 × 100 mm column and a beam section measuring 100 × 200 and 1200 mm, respectively. For the third sample, the column’s dimensions were 130 × 130 mm in cross-section and 1200 mm in length, and the beam was 130 × 260 mm. Spruce wood is used to make glulam components for columns and beams. Following the creation of the column-beam connections, glass-based fiber-reinforces polymer (FRP) fabric was used to wrap the column-beam connections that needed strengthening. The cyclic behavior of the reinforced reference samples and the samples with reinforced column-beam joint areas was examined. The column-beam connection with code C13B13-R has the most load-carrying capacity (13.9 kN), while the beam with code C08B08-UR has the lowest load-carrying capacity (03.4 kN). Examining the table reveals that the findings of the numerical analysis and the experiment provide comparable conclusions. When comparing experimental and numerical results, similar values are found for stiffness values (R 2 of 0.99), load-bearing capacity (R 2 of 0.99), and energy consumption capacity (R 2 of 0.99). With R 2 of 0.9978, RMSE of 0.01017, and MAE of 0.01043, the random forest approach identified the stiffness values in the model with the best accuracy. It has been shown that the seismic behavior of column-beam couplings built with these materials may be studied with mean learning models and numerical analysis, instead of demanding and time-consuming experimental studies.

Comparative Analysis of the Performance and Study of the Effective Anchorage Length of Semi-Grouted and Fully-Grouted Sleeve Connection

Based on the insufficient data on bonding performance and effective anchorage length of sleeve grouting in assembled structure. Combining the existing studies, the sleeve grouting joint test for the static unidirectional tensile test was designed, and the influencing factors are reinforcement diameter and reinforcement anchorage length. Then, the failure mode, load-displacement relationship, energy consumption capacity and bearing capacity of the grouting sleeve connection are analysed, and the stress mechanism of the specimen in the one-way tensile state is expounded. This paper considers the actual damage state of the joint, according to the failure of the reinforcement outside the joint and the sleeve; referring to the reinforcement-concrete bond strength research theory, the effective anchorage length formula is proposed. When the steel bar is pulled out, the bond strength and bearing capacity mainly depend on the effective anchorage length. However, when the specimen breaks the steel bar outside the joint, it depends on the material performance of the steel bar itself. The research results of this paper can lay a theoretical foundation for the application of sleeve grouting joints.

Seismic Performance of Recycled-Aggregate-Concrete-Based Shear Walls with Concealed Bracing

Relatively few studies have been conducted on the seismic performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) shear walls with concealed bracing. To promote the development of high-performance green building structures and the application of RAC in structural components, the seismic performance of RAC shear walls under different influencing factors was tested, and low-cycle reversed loading tests were performed on ten RAC shear walls with different shear-to-span ratios. The test parameters included the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio, the recycled fine aggregate (RFA) replacement ratio, the axial compression ratio, the shear span ratio and whether to set up the concealed bracing. The influence of the above variables on the seismic performance was then assessed. The results revealed that the bearing capacity, ductility, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the RAC shear walls decreased in line with an increase in the replacement ratio of the RFA. However, the bearing capacity, energy consumption and stiffness of the RAC shear walls decreased within 10% and the ductility decreased within 15%. The RAC shear walls were able to meet the seismic requirements of the building structure after reasonable design and use. As the axial compression ratio increased, the bearing capacity of the RAC shear walls improved, but their elastic–plastic deformation capacity was reduced. Setting the concealed bracing significantly improved the seismic performance of the RAC shear walls, such that they achieved a seismic performance close to that of the natural aggregate concrete (NAC) shear wall. After setting up the concealed bracing, the load carrying capacity of the RAC shear walls increased by up to 15%, the ductility increased by up to 20% and the energy consumption capacity increased by up to 50%. A mechanical calculation model of the RAC shear wall was then established by considering the effect of recycled aggregate, the calculated results of which were a good match with the test results.

Assessment of the Renewable Energy Consumption Capacity of Power Systems Considering the Uncertainty of Renewables and Symmetry of Active Power

The rapid growth of renewable energy presents significant challenges for power grid operation, making the efficient integration of renewable energy crucial. This paper proposes a method to evaluate the power system’s capacity to accommodate renewable energy based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) from a symmetry perspective, underscoring the symmetrical interplay between load and renewable energy sources and highlighting the balance necessary for enhancing grid stability. First, a 10th-order GMM is identified as the optimal model for analyzing power system load and wind power data, balancing accuracy with computational efficiency. The Metropolis–Hastings (M-H) algorithm is used to generate sample spaces, which are integrated into power flow calculations to determine the maximum renewable energy integration capacity while ensuring system stability. Short-circuit ratio calculations and N-1 fault simulations validate system robustness under high renewable energy integration. The consistency between the results from the M-H algorithm, Gibbs sampling, and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) confirms the approach’s accuracy.

Hysteretic performance of high-strength steel square hollow section T joints considering fracture behavior

The performance of high-strength steel (HSS) welding joints is crucial for tubular structure design. This paper investigates the hysteretic performance of HSS square hollow section (SHS) T joints considering fracture behaviors. The hysteresis and tensile tests of the HSS SHS T joints and a comparative analysis of failure modes and bearing capacity are conducted. Parameter analysis is conducted based on the validated FE model considering fracture and elastoplastic constitutive relationship with a wide range of parameters covered, including the cross-sectional width ratio and the wall thickness ratio between brace and chord, and the width-thickness ratio of the chord, and the seam weld size of the joint connection. The results show that fracture behavior can affect the failure mode and bearing capacity of the joints, and it cannot be ignored in the hysteresis analysis process. The energy consumption capacity and the ductility coefficients increase when β increases from 0.2 to 1.0, τ increases from 0.3 to 1.0 and 2 γ decreases from 40 to 20. Meanwhile, joints’ failure modes and residual strength vary with the above parameters. It is necessary to use the damage fracture constitutive model of steel in numerical simulation.

Battery health-considered energy management strategy for a dual-motor two-speed battery electric vehicle based on a hybrid soft actor-critic algorithm with memory function

Energy management strategies (EMSs) ease mileage anxiety and improve the health performance of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This study proposes a soft actor-critic (SAC)-based EMS for dual-motor two-speed BEV to minimize electrical energy consumption and battery capacity losses. In addition, two optimization tricks are employed to optimize the original SAC. The linear mapping trick is integrated into the actor-network of SAC to enable agents to search for optimal EMS in a discrete (driving mode)-continuous (torque distribution) hybrid action space. The SAC-based EMS is modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) to obtain more information about the real state of the environment. Based on this, another optimization trick, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network, is integrated into the actor and critic of SAC to make full use of both historical and current environmental information. Simulation results show that the proposed method learns the optimal EMS, its converged episodes are shortened to the 97th, the health performance of the battery is the closest to the dynamic programming (DP)-based EMS, and maintains battery operating at a range of 30–40°C. In addition, the proposed EMS has the best adaptability in test cycles, reaching 99.42% and 99.29% of DP-based EMS, respectively.

Two-layer optimal scheduling method for regional integrated energy system considering flexibility characteristics of CHP system

A regional integrated energy system (RIES) guarantees the fulfillment of a diversified load demand of users by coordinating all types of energy equipment and is a two-layer optimal scheduling method that takes into consideration the flexibility of the characteristics of the combined heat and power (CHP) system is proposed in this paper. First, the thermoelectric output characteristics of hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) and CHP units are analyzed to establish an energy equipment model that takes into consideration the variability of the operating conditions. Subsequently, a two-layer optimal scheduling model of the RIES is established, where the upper layer takes into consideration the operating costs, carbon emission penalties, and renewable energy consumption capacity to determine the strategy for allocating the energy flow, and the lower layer considers the energy efficiency as the optimization objective to determine the output modes of the HFC and CHP units. Finally, an adaptive closed-loop control strategy is used to avoid the continuous startup and shutdown of the CHP unit. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce operating costs and carbon emissions, improve energy efficiency and renewable energy consumption, and promote the efficient utilization of integrated energy resources.

Design and Characterization of a Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit.

The utilization of inertial measurement units as wearable sensors is proliferating across various domains, such as health care, sports, and rehabilitation. This expansion has produced a market of devices tailored to accommodate very specific ranges of operational demands. Simultaneously, this growth is creating opportunities for the development of a new class of devices more oriented towards general-purpose use and capable of capturing both high-frequency signals for short-term, event-driven motion analysis and low-frequency signals for extended monitoring. For such a design, which combines flexibility and low cost, a rigorous evaluation of the device in terms of deviation, noise levels, and precision is essential. This evaluation is crucial for identifying potential improvements and refining the design accordingly, yet it is rarely addressed in the literature. This paper presents the development process of such a device. The results of the design process demonstrate acceptable performance in optimizing energy consumption and storage capacity while highlighting the most critical optimizations needed to advance the device towards the goal of a smart, general-purpose unit for human motion monitoring.

Experimental Study on a Damage-Control and Repairable Fully Precast Beam-Column Joint

ABSTRACT A novel joint with a splice lap was proposed, which was damage-control and repairable fully precast beam-column joint (DRBJ) connected by energy-dissipating connecting steel plates to remarkably diminish the residual displacement of an RC frame under strong earthquakes and ensure the rapid rehabilitation of the structure. Four one-half scale beam-column-joint specimens were designed and fabricated in different connection forms and lap lengths, and one of the specimens was loaded again under the same conditions after repair. Low cyclic loading tests on DRBJ were conducted to investigate their hysteresis curves and energy-dissipation capacities. The test results revealed that the plastic deformation of DRBJ was concentrated on connecting steel plates, while the residual displacement was small. The deformation and bearing capacities of the short-lap joint were higher than those of the long-lap junction, and the bearing, energy consumption, and deformation capacities of the DRBJ connected by strip plates were still superior to those of the DRBJ connected by the rectangular plates. The DRBJ showed satisfactory repairability and energy-dissipation capacity with the help of the strip plates. A simplified force–displacement model was established based on the analysis of the functioning mechanism of DRBJ. The calculated results of the rotational stiffness and the test results agree well, which can provide a reference for the design of this type of splice joint.

Experimental study on hybrid fiber reinforced high performance concrete properties: Investigatingcomprehensive energy consumption capacity

The brittleness of concrete in tension increases with higher compressive strength, necessitating the study of cementitious composites that combine high strength and ductility. This study investigated the fresh and mechanical properties of high-strength concrete (HPC) incorporating fibers: steel, basalt, and polyethylene (PE). Hybrid fiber reinforced high performance concrete (HyFHPC) was created by tailoring mix proportions, with eight series of specimens cast, each carrying different fiber combinations alongside plain HPC as a reference. Compressive, tensile, and flexural tests were conducted, and results were analyzed. The electron microscopy techniques were employed to observe the microstructural morphology and perform elemental analysis of the composites. Findings revealed a dense HPC matrix with 1.5 % total fiber content, exhibiting uniform dispersion and ideal bonding. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique was utilized to analyze strain distribution and crack development of specimens in tension and bending, proving effective in tracking the strain and crack evolution. Statistical analysis of five influencing elements—cubic compressive strength, axial compressive strength, tensile energy dissipation, tensile fracture energy, and energy release rate—revealed Series F9 (S0.5P1) as optimal for comprehensive energy consumption performance. HyFHPC demonstrated enhanced strength, ductility, and toughness compared to HPC with mono fiber or none. The hybridization achieved positive synergy and improved reinforcing efficiency while conserving resources.

Mechanical behavior and seismic control performance of a metallic torsional damper for flexible structures

The use of metallic dampers is an effective way to reduce seismic responses and dissipate excessive vibration energy for civil structures. Conventional metallic dampers employed energy dissipation by plastic deformation under bending or shear modes are hard to design, and may cause uniform distribution of stress in the metallic components. In this paper, employing the high plastic deformation capacity of aluminum materials, a metallic torsional damper using a gear and rack device (MTDGRD) is proposed to enhance the control effectiveness for the structural response reduction under earthquakes. The static mechanical behavior and energy dissipation of aluminum metallic components under torsional deformation are experimentally studied. Moreover, the configuration and working principle of the proposed damper are introduced. The dynamic behavior of the proposed damper is experimentally studied. For precise modeling in simulations, the elastic-plastic theory of torsional deformation is used to derive the mechanical model of the proposed damper and the model accuracy is validated by experimental data. Finally, numerical simulations under different seismic ground motions controlled by a proposed MTDGRD are compared to that controlled by a conventional tuned mass damper (TMD) for a 10-floor flexible structure. The results show that aluminum 6061# of the energy dissipation capacity is higher than aluminum 1060#. The dynamical tests show that the loading frequency and operational cycles have very limited effect on mechanical behavior and energy consumption capacity of the MTDGRD. The proposed dynamic mechanical model of the MTDGRD has considerable accuracy in numerical simulations and seismic control simulations show the better performance of the proposed damper in reducing structural displacement responses than the conventional TMD with a mass ratio of 0.5 %.

Numerical investigation of the behavior of reinforced concrete beams produced with self-compacting concrete

In this study, 1/2 scaled 16 reinforced concrete beams were compared in terms of concrete type, concrete strength, and stirrup spacing. The variables of this study consist of self-compacting concrete and normal concrete as concrete type, C30 and C60 as concrete strength, and without stirrup, 20 cm, 10 cm and 5 cm spacing as stirrup spacing. All elements were tested with 4-point bending mechanism. The stiffness, ductility, load bearing capacity and energy consumption capacity values of the beams were obtained from the load-displacement curves acquired from the experimental study and the elements were compared over them, and the damages of the beams during the experiments were interpreted. In addition to the experimental study, the numerical analyzes of the beams were conducted with the finite element analysis software. Experimental study results were validated by finite element analysis. When all the results were examined, it was concluded that although the initial stiffness of SCC (self-compacting concrete) was less than NC (normal concrete), the ductility of SCC was higher than that of NC, especially in high strength concretes.

Investigation methods for enhancing the energy consumption capacity of novel PV access distribution networks

Abstract This paper presents a method for reconstructing distribution networks using soft open point (SOP) and demand response (DR) energy storage, which can effectively solve the problems of voltage overruns, line overcurrent, and bidirectional flow currents caused by the photovoltaic (PV) getting into the distribution network. First, the model for the rebuilding of the distribution network is created by using the energy storage method of DR and SOP. Then, MISOCP, which stands for mixed-integer second-order cone programming, is the model that is used to change the distribution network reconfiguration, and the transformed model is solved by the MOSEK algorithm package in MATLAB. Finally, the strategy suggested in this research may successfully enhance the distribution grid’s consumption capacity after PV access, as shown by the verification in the IEEE33 node distribution grid system.