Capacitive Coupling Method Research Articles

A 1024-Spin Scalable Ising Machine With Capacitive Coupling and Progressive Annealing Method for Combination Optimization Problems

A 1024-Spin Scalable Ising Machine With Capacitive Coupling and Progressive Annealing Method for Combination Optimization Problems

A broadband transparent antenna applied in indoor mobile communication system

AbstractThis paper proposes a broadband optical transparent antenna using a transparent conductor film on a transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The planar wide‐slot antenna coupling fed by microstrip has a wide impedance bandwidth, so it is selected to design the transparent antenna. The upper surface of the PET substrate is a microstrip line with a fork‐shaped tuning branch, and the lower surface is a wide slot. They were made of transparent conductor film. Finally, a new capacitive coupling method is used to feed the transparent antenna. The transparent conductor film used in the antenna is metal mesh, which was developed by 3M company. The metal mesh with an open area greater than 80% to achieve high transmittance. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth is 177% (0.30–5.0 GHz), and the gain of the antenna varies from 5.06 to 7.8 dBi over the entire frequency band. Therefore, it can be well applied to the current indoor mobile communication system.

A broadband circularly polarized stacked microstrip patch antenna with parasitic elements

In this article, a wideband circularly polarized stacked microstrip patch antenna (CP SMPA) with continuous phase feed characteristics is presented. The designed antenna consists of a square-loop feeding structure as driven element, four rectangular-patches and four rotated square-patches as parasitic elements. First, a square-loop with arc-shaped strip is designed to obtain 90° phase difference. Second, four rectangular-patches are placed next to the square-loop for generating a CP resonant mode through a capacitive coupling method. Third, four rotated square-patches are arranged at the top of the rectangular-patches to excite an additional CP resonant mode. Eventually, the designed CP SMPA features a wide −10-dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 32% (5.93 GHz, 4.98–6.88 GHz), and a broad 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 22.8% (6.15 GHz, 5.45–6.85 GHz).

P‐1.14: An a‐IGZO TFT AMOLED Pixel Circuit with Source Follower Structure to Alleviate Hysteresis Effect

In this work, we proposed a voltage‐programmed AMOLED pixel circuit using amorphous InGaZnO thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs). For every display frame, thanks to the capacitive coupling method, the gate‐source voltage of the driving transistor is programmed through a zero to a positive value process, i.e. a unipolar sweeping direction is maintained for the driving transistor, to suppress the electrical hysteresis effects. In addition, the threshold voltage variation of the driving transistor can also be compensated through a source follower structure. Simulation results indicate that the relative current error is less than 30% for threshold voltage variations of ± 0.4 V.

The comprehensive design of high efficiency monopole plasma antenna using surfaguide exciting method

In this study, designing procedure of a monopole plasma antenna excited by microwave surface waves was investigated. Improving the antenna efficiency, the surfaguide structure was used as a surface wave launcher at 2.45 GHz which could produce a plasma column and increase the plasma conductivity. Moreover, the antenna was fed directly via the input connector instead of the coupling sleeve in the conventional feeds using capacitive coupling method. Using these two techniques, the antenna performance was increased and it reduces the loss due to the coupling power from the source to the plasma column. Plasma column was modelled using Finite Element Method (FEM) with COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software. The antenna parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern and gain were investigated using CST simulation. The designing procedure was performed for monopole antennas with lengths of l = 62 cm and l = 32 cm which resonate at 145 MHz and 200 MHz, respectively. The simulation results show acceptable adaptation in respect to the experimental measurement and increase significantly in the antenna gain compared with the previous ones.

Analisa Desain, Konsep, dan Karakteristik Sistem Transfer Daya Nirkabel

<p>In the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0, the need for time, labor, and cost efficiency is a basic requirement for human life, especially regarding electrical energy sources. The supply of commercial electricity is still using electricity cables to deliver electricity to the load. Therefore, one of the ways of sending or transferring electrical power that continues to be developed today is wireless electricity transfer. The wireless transfer of electric power has several advantages compared to the use of cables, which can increase the convenience in the use of electrical equipment and can reduce the amount of electronic waste. This research will study the techniques or methods of near-field wireless energy transfer systems, namely the inductive coupling method, the magnetic resonance coupling method and the capacitive coupling method. The results of this study propose an optimal modeling of wireless power transfer so that results and quality are better, taking into account the distance between the sender and receiver because the work efficiency of wireless power transfer decreases with respect to distance. And the signal transmission frequency is low for inductive coupling, while the resulting frequency will be high on magnetic resonance coupling and capacitive coupling.</p>

Signal feedback applications in low-field NMR and MRI.

Tuned pick-up coils with high quality factors Q are used in NMR and MRI for high-sensitivity and low-noise detection. However, large Q-factors introduce bandwidth issues at low frequency and the associated enhanced currents may cause significant radiation damping effects, especially with hyperpolarised samples. Signal feedback can be used to actively control these currents and adjust the detection bandwidth without resistive losses. Capacitive and inductive coupling methods are compared using detailed models and the operating conditions for efficient feedback with negligible noise penalty are discussed. Several high-impedance commercial preamplifiers have been found to affect the resonance characteristics of tuned coils in a gain-dependent way, or could not be used in low-frequency NMR because of oscillations at large positive gain. This is attributed to an undocumented internal feedback, and could be neutralised using external feedback. The implementation of an inductive coupling scheme to feed a suitably amplified phase-adjusted signal back into the PU coils of low-field NMR systems is described, and three experimental applications are reported. One system is used for NMR studies of distant dipolar field effects in highly polarised liquid 3He without or with radiation damping. The moderate intrinsic Q-factor (≈7) could be reduced (down to 1) or increased (up to 100) to control transient maser oscillations. Another system was used for MRI of water samples around 2 mT with Q≈190 litz-wire detection coils. The detection bandwidth was increased by actively reducing the Q-factor to obtain uniform sensitivities in images and avoid artifacts introduced by intensity corrections. Finally, parallel acquisition in MRI was performed using two separately tuned detection coils placed above and below the sample. They were actively decoupled using two feedback systems. For an imaging field of view smaller than the sample, artifact-free unfolded images demonstrate the efficiency of this active coil decoupling scheme.

Printable on‐chip micro battery

AbstractThis paper reports an easy‐to‐fabricate micro battery that can be directly printed on a bio‐sensing device such as an immunoreaction‐based disposable complementary metal oxide semiconductor bio‐sensing chip. The printed Mg and AgCl films were used as both cathode and anode materials, while the inspection solution for the bio‐sensing was utilized as an electrolyte, which simplified the structure of the battery. A micro battery fabricated on the printed circuit board, in which each electrode size was 3 × 3 mm2, could generate an open circuit voltage as high as 1.58 V, a maximum power as high as 1.4 mW and a total stored energy as high as 400 mJ. Wireless sensor test platforms self‐powered by the developed on‐chip battery successfully worked in a 0.14 M NaCl solution, and digital data could be successfully transferred using both optical and capacitive coupling methods. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Motor cable communication concept based on DSSS for inverter‐fed electric drives

Nowadays, electric motors and frequency converters have a great variety of applications. In motor feedback systems, communication is performed over separate sensor cables, which are notable for their high cost. Power line communication (PLC) over the motor cable is a promising and cost effective alternative. In this paper, a communication concept based on PLC and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) channel access method is presented for motor cable communication. The channel characteristics and noise in the channel of a laboratory test setup are studied. Effect of the frequencyconverter output and switching frequencies on the channel noise are investigated. Capacitive and inductive signal coupling methods are evaluated and compared first theoretically by measurements and analysis of channel characteristics, and then practically by data transmission tests carried out in the laboratory test setup. Software-defined radios (SDRs) are used as the data transmission devices for the communication concept evaluation. Concept's performance against variation of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and switching frequency of the converter are evaluated. The concept applicability limits and optimal settings are presented. It can be stated that the concept provides a wider application range, than available solutions and can be effective for motor monitoring and speed data transmission.

Development of a Partial Discharge Measuring Method for a Long‐Distance Cable Line

The authors have been developing a new measurement method for measuring partial discharge (PD) in a long‐distance cable line using a capacitive coupling method. This method proposes that a PD signal can be detected by a newly proposed capacitive coupling electrode between the shielding layer and an additional aluminum foil. In this article, first, the theoretical background of the proposed method was described including the generation, propagation, and detection of the PD signal. Second, the proposed method was applied to observe PD activity in an RG58A/U communication cable and a numerical simulation was also performed in the same manner as the measurement system. It was confirmed that the PD signal was successfully detected. Third, the feasibility of the proposed method for applying in a full‐size 6.6 kV XLPE, (Hitachi Cable Ltd., Hitachi Magnet Wire Corp., Tokyo, Japan) cable line was investigated. It was revealed that the proposed method can be applied for a full‐size cable. Finally, an attempt was made to understand the effect of the coupling capacitor on the detection intensity. Also, the detection limit of the proposed method based on the noise level was analyzed. It was revealed that the detection sensitivity was finally determined as 400 pC, which was the detection limit. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Enhancing Driving Performance of a-Si:H Thin-Film Transistors With Capacitive Coupling Method for Display Applications

A new capacitive coupling method to enhance the driving performance of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs) in high-resolution applications is presented. The gate voltage can be enlarged by the entirely transmitted high voltage of a global direct current power source line ( $V_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ ). Established models that are based on the measured electrical characteristics of fabricated a-Si:H TFTs with different aspect ratios are used to evaluate the feasibility of this proposed method in the gate driver. The maximum voltage of the gate voltage can be increased from 37.3 V to 47.6 V when $V_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ is set to 20 V, improving the driving capability of the gate driver by more than 17%, based on the specifications of a 5.99 inch HD + ( $720 \times 1440$ ) panel at a frame rate of 120 Hz.

Using magnetic coupling to implement 1H, 19F, 13C experiments in routine high resolution NMR probes

We report in this paper the design of 1H, 19F, 13C circuitry using magnetic coupling which can do on demand experiments where one of the three nuclei is observed and the other two are decoupled. The implementation of this circuitry in routine NMR probes is compared with capacitive coupling methods where it was found that by using magnetic coupling the performance of the routine NMR probe was not impacted by the addition of this circuitry. It is surmised that using this type of circuitry would be highly desirable for those chemists doing routine 19F NMR.

6.78MHz Capacitive Coupling Wireless Power Transfer System

Wireless power transfer technologies typically include inductive coupling, magnetic resonance, and capacitive coupling methods. Among these methods, capacitive coupling wireless power transfer (CCWPT) has been studied to overcome the drawbacks of other approaches. CCWPT has many advantages such as having a simple structure, low standing power loss, reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI) and the ability to transfer power through metal barriers. In this paper, the CCWPT system with 6.78MHz class D inverter is proposed and analyzed. The proposed system consists of a 6.78MHz class D inverter with a LC low pass filter, capacitor between a transmitter and a receiver, and impedance transformers. The system is verified with a prototype for charging mobile devices.

Transformer winding deformation diagnostic system using online high frequency signal injection by capacitive coupling

Transformer winding deformation is common among all sorts of transformer failures. Cumulative deformation can eventually burgeon into catastrophic faults and result in entire network outage. It is possible to detect the early signs of faults with continuous online monitoring transformer. However, frequency response analysis (FRA) is considered to be a useful and accurate tool for sufficient detection. This paper aims at proposing a novel diagnostic system for online monitoring power transformer winding deformation based on FRA. In order to realize online monitoring transformer winding, the system uses the capacitive coupling method to inject controllable nanosecond pulses, which function as the excitation signal of winding, and to obtain the response signal. This proposed method may extend frequency range for analysis and perhaps could early detect minor winding movement and looseness. Transformer experiments show great prospect in the application of the system.

The Effect of High Voltage, High Frequency Pulsed Electric Field on Slain Ovine Cortical Bone

High power, high frequency pulsed electric fields known as pulsed power (PP) has been applied recently in biology and medicine. However, little attention has been paid to investigate the application of pulse power in musculoskeletal system and its possible effect on functional behavior and biomechanical properties of bone tissue. This paper presents the first research investigating whether or not PP can be applied safely on bone tissue as a stimuli and what will be the possible effect of these signals on the characteristics of cortical bone by comparing the mechanical properties of this type of bone pre and post expose to PP and in comparison with the control samples. A positive buck-boost converter was applied to generate adjustable high voltage, high frequency pulses (up to 500 V and 10 kHz). The functional behavior of bone in response to pulse power excitation was elucidated by applying compressive loading until failure. The stiffness, failure stress (strength) and the total fracture energy (bone toughness) were determined as a measure of the main bone characteristics. Furthermore, an ultrasonic technique was applied to determine and comprise bone elasticity before and after pulse power stimulation. The elastic property of cortical bone samples appeared to remain unchanged following exposure to pulse power excitation for all three orthogonal directions obtained from ultrasonic technique and similarly from the compression test. Nevertheless, the compressive strength and toughness of bone samples were increased when they were exposed to 66 h of high power pulsed electromagnetic field compared to the control samples. As the toughness and the strength of the cortical bone tissue are directly associated with the quality and integrity of the collagen matrix whereas its stiffness is primarily related to bone mineral content these overall results may address that although, the pulse power stimulation can influence the arrangement or the quality of the collagen network causing the bone strength and toughness augmentation, it apparently did not affect the mineral phase of the cortical bone material. The results also confirmed that the indirect application of high power pulsed electric field at 500 V and 10 kHz through capacitive coupling method was safe and did not destroy the bone tissue construction.

Low Voltage Low Power Quadrature LC Oscillator Based on Back-gate Superharmonic Capacitive Coupling

This work introduces a new low voltage low power superharmonic capacitive coupling quadrature LC oscillator (QLCO) made by coupling two identical cross-connected LC oscillators without tail transistor. In each of the core oscillators, the back-gate nodes of the cross-coupled NMOS pair and PMOS pair, acting as common mode nodes, have been connected directly. Then the core oscillators are coupled together via capacitive coupling of the PMOS common mode node in one of the core oscillators to the NMOS common mode node in the other core oscillator, and vice versa. Only capacitors are used for coupling of the two core oscillators and therefore no extra noise sources are imposed on the circuit. Operation of the proposed QLCO was investigated with simulation using a commercial 0.18 µm RF CMOS technology: it shows a power dissipation of 5.2 mW from a 0.6 V supply voltage. Since the proposed core oscillator has Complementary NMOS and PMOS cross coupled pairs, and capacitive coupling method will not introduce extra phase noise, so this circuit can operate with a low phase noise as low as −126.8 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from center oscillation frequency of 2.4 GHz, as confirmed with simulation.

Direct evidence of “spring softening” nonlinearity in micromachined mechanical resonator using optical beam deflection technique

In this article the dynamic behavior of clamped-clamped micromachined mechanical resonators working at a frequency of 150kHz was characterized by electrostatic excitation and detection via both capacitive coupling and optical methods. The experimental results by optical measurement show that this system behaved very much like a simple harmonic oscillator at low actuation levels while significant nonlinearity was observed at higher actuation levels. The nonlinearity identified as “spring softening” type occurred when the product of the dc bias voltage and the ac driving voltage exceeded 0.04V2. Dependence of resonance frequency on dc bias voltage was investigated and the experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions. This work also demonstrated that optical detection is much less susceptible to parasitic interference than motion detection via capacitive coupling. Therefore, optical techniques will yield better characterization of the mechanical properties of the resonators.

New technique deducing plasma potential by a capacitive coupling method in spraying dielectric barrier discharge plasmas

A new method to measure the plasma potential in an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas is developed for a new spraying DBD plasma source, which is sustained by electric fields generated by flowing plasmas at the outer region of the electrodes, since conventional electric probe can not be applied due to arcing. The new technique is to measure the spatially averaged plasma potential by using a capacitive coupling method with calculation of collisional sheath thickness.

Epitaxial La-doped SrTiO3 on silicon: A conductive template for epitaxial ferroelectrics on silicon

Use of an epitaxial conducting template has enabled the integration of epitaxial ferroelectric perovskites on silicon. The conducting template layer, LaxSr1−xTiO3 (LSTO), deposited onto (001) silicon wafers by molecular-beam epitaxy is then used to seed {001}-oriented epitaxial perovskite layers. We illustrate the viability of this approach using PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 (PZT) as the ferroelectric layer contacted with conducting perovskite La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) electrodes. An important innovation that further facilitates this approach is the use of a low-temperature (450 °C) sol–gel process to crystallize the entire ferroelectric stack. Both transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis indicate the LSCO/PZT/LSCO/LSTO/Si heterostructures are epitaxial. The electrical response of ferroelectric capacitors (for pulse widths down to 1 μs) measured via the underlying silicon substrate is identical to measurements made using conventional capacitive coupling method, indicating the viability of this approach.

First Mobility Measurement of Ions Trapped Below the Normal and Superfluid 3He Surface

We report the first mobility measurement of ions trapped below the free surface of normal and superfluid 3He-B. A Corbino electrode arrangement is used to measure the mobility of ions. Applying an electrostatic step potential to the Corbino electrode, a charge distribution of ions becomes inhomogeneous, which induces the motion of ions. We observe the time development of the redistribution of ions by employing a capacitive coupling method. The mobility of ions is deduced from the transient response of ions, using a distributed-constant equivalent circuit analysis. The measured mobility of both types of ions are in agreement with that in the bulk normal and superfluid 3He.