Canonical Discriminant Function Research Articles

Comparative Overview of Motor and Functional Preparedness of 7th–9th Grade Boys of Rural Underfilled School

The study purpose is to determine the age-related peculiarities of motor and functional preparedness of boys studying at a rural underfilled school.
 Materials and methods. The study participants were boys of 7thgrade (n = 8), 8thgrade (n = 7), and 9thgrade (n = 6). To achieve the purpose set, the study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results. The test program consisted of the well-known tests: “Shuttlerun4×9 m”,“Arms’ bending and straightening in a lying position”, “Arms’ bending and straightening in a hanging position”, “Bent-arm hang”, “Standing long jump”, “Evaluation of movement time parameters(running time 5, 10 and 15 seconds)”.“Stange’stest”, “Genci’stest”,and“Serkin’stest”were used toevaluate the functional state.
 Results. The analysis of motor preparedness of the 7th-9thgrade boys of a rural school showed that the 7th-graders are less physically fit compared to the 8th- and 9th-graders. The 8th-9thgrade boys show the best results in almost all the tests. There are statistically significant differences between the boys in tests characterizing strength preparedness. According to the results of functional preparedness, the 7th-9thgrade boys show high results in “Stange’stest” and“Serkin’stest”1 and 3.The 8thand 9thgrade boys have the same functional states of respiratory and circulatory functions.
 Conclusions.The boys show a high dynamics of functional state of respiratory and circulatory functions, as well as of strength preparedness. The 8thand 9thgrade boys statistically significantly differ in the indicators of motor coordination and speed strength. By the results of other tests, the difference in preparedness is not statistically significant.
 Regression equations (unstandardized canonical discriminant function coefficients) allow to calculate schoolboys’ level of preparedness. A comparison of the obtained result with centroid values makes it possible to divide schoolboys into groups by their level of preparedness. A classification of boys by the level of motor preparedness is possible based on relative strength, motor control ability, and general coordination tests.

Determination of Sex from Mastoid Dimensions among North Indians

Introduction: Sex determination is the keystone of a biological profile and skulls of unknown provenance are best tested for race and sex using different variables. Determination of sex from the skeleton is vital to medico legalinvestigations. The mastoid region is analysed for determination of sex from fragmentary crania in Forensic Anthropology as it is one of the most protected region and resistant to damage due to its anatomical position at the base of the brain.Objective: The purposeof this study was to determine the existence of sexual dimorphism in the dimensions of mastoid process among North Indians.Material and Method: Material for the study consisted of 70 adult (above 18 years) human skulls (35 of either sex) of North Indians obtained from Anatomy and Forensic department of SGRDIMSAR, Amritsar. Mastoid measurements (Length, Breadth and A-P diameter) of both the sides were taken in millimeters with the help of sliding Vernier Caliper and size of mastoid process was calculated.Results: All four mastoidvariables showed significant sexual dimorphismp<0.001. Canonical discriminant function Coefficient using stepwise analysis was -3.142 in females and 3.142 in males.In statistical analysis using Canonical Discriminant Functions, Eigen value was 10.015 and Wilks’ Lambda was 0.091.Conclusion: Accuracy of determination of gender using all four variables was 97.1% original and 96.4% cross- validated. Therefore, mastoid process can be used as a tool fordetermination of sex in fragmentary skeletal remains.

Classification and Prediction of Sodium and Potassium Coronates Stability in Aqueous-Organic Media by Exploratory Data Analysis Methods

Linear Fisher classification functions, canonical linear discriminant functions, and trees (rules) for classification and prediction of the stability of sodium (18-crown-6Na+) and potassium coronates (18-crown-6K+) from the properties of aqueous-organic solvents (water—methanol, water—propan-2-ol, and water—acetonitrile) have been obtained basing on multivariate exploratory analysis. The proposed approach to prediction of the coronates stability has been verified using independent experimental data on the stability constants of sodium and potassium coronates in water—dioxane and water—acetone mixtures. The constructed classification functions and rules have possessed high predictive potential.

Morphometric variations between seasonal migrants of anadromous shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) from Hooghly Estuary, India

The morphometric variations between two seasonal migrants (winter and monsoon) of anadromous shad Tenualosa ilisha from Hooghly Estuary were evaluated and compared using geometric morphometrics (GM). Altogether, 128 fish samples of T. ilisha, comprising 64 samples each from winter and the monsoon season, were collected for two successive years (2017 and 2018) and 14 landmarks were digitised uniformly on each individual. Relative warps (RW), principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were used to determine shape variations between seasonal runs. The deformation grid of RW showed that monsoon specimens have a deeper body profile, whereas winter specimens have a slender body profile. The PCA showed low variance (40.45% for first two principal components) and high overlap among all the groups. The CVA-extracted Mahalanobis and Procrustes distances (3.473 and 0.032 respectively) between the two groups (winter and monsoon) were highly significant (P&amp;lt;0.0001). The DFA also separated two groups with high cross-validated classification rates (85.94 and 95.31% of winter and monsoon specimens respectively were correctly classified). Hence, the results of RW, CVA and DFA clearly indicate the existence of two morphologically distinct units of T. ilisha in Hooghly Estuary.

Quantitative anthropometric and dermatoglyphic variation of the major ethnic populations in Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Anthropometry is one of the oldest and widely used measures of human variation. Dermatoglyphics is a valuable technique in human population studies by virtue of its uniqueness, genetic determination, and less vulnerability to selection than other genetic markers. AIMS: The study aims (1) to elucidate the traditional ethnic identities in Nigeria which are increasingly facing disintegration due to improved means of communication and urbanization and reduced inbreeding and (2) to describe ethnic characteristics that may be valuable for forensic application and future studies of effects on human diversity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We obtained quantitative anthropometric and dermatoglyphic data from 560 volunteers of both sexes, of Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa origin. The sampling fraction used to attain target sample size for random selection of eligible volunteers was based on the national population figure. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Univariate analysis of variance was used to determine patterns variations, while multivariate analysis was used to determine discrimination among ethnic populations. RESULTS: The anthropometric and dermatoglyphic variables revealed a discrimination that is consistent with ethnohistorical affiliations. Multiple discriminant analysis of the anthropometrics showed higher discrimination power than the dermatoglyphic variables. The derived ethnic classifying equations from anthropometric parameters classified volunteers as Yoruba 78.2%, Hausa 82.4%, Igbo 91.4%; the dermatoglyphic parameters classified volunteers as Yoruba 66.8%, Hausa 57.4%, Igbo 65.3%. The canonical discriminant function of the anthropometric and dermatoglyphic variables showed clustering of the ethnic populations around each ethnic centroid. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide ethnohistorical insights into the structure of the ethnic populations and demonstrate the relationship of the gene flow in the ethnic groups through their exhibited phenotypic characteristics.

Pattern Recognition: Parameters of Body Inrun Position at the Beginning of Take-Off

The purpose of the paper is to determine the differences in the technique of body inrun position at the beginning of take-off in junior ski jumpers of different qualifications (athletic preparedness).&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study participants were 22 junior ski jumpers aged 14-15 (a group of junior ski jumpers) during the Ukrainian Ski Jumping Championship (October 9, 2010, Vorokhta, Ukraine) and 33 ski jumpers aged 16-17 (a group of senior ski jumpers) who took part in the international competitions “Lotos Cup” in January 2010. The study analyzed the videos of take-offs of 22 athletes aged 14-15 and 33 athletes aged 16-17. The parameters of ski jumping technique and sports results were processed on the basis of video materials of the first competition series.&#x0D; Results. There are significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) in the mean values of corresponding parameters of the body position at the beginning of take-off. The data point to a tighter tuck of the body of the athletes aged 16-17. The structure coefficients of the first canonical discriminant function indicate that the function is most significantly related to the values of angles 10 (ν); 8 (ζ); 6 (θ): the inclination angle of the segment of the straight line passing through the axes of the hip and ankle joints (ν) towards the direction of the skier’s movement; the inclination angle of the segment of the straight line passing through the general center of body weight and the axis of the ankle joint (ζ) towards the direction of the skier’s movement; the inclination angle of the head towards the trunk (θ). The athletes aged 16-17 differ from the athletes aged 14-15 by the parameters characterizing the body’s tuck in the starting position – the position at the beginning of take-off.&#x0D; Conclusions. The unstandardized canonical discriminant function coefficients can be used to classify the levels of proficiency in the body’s tuck in the starting position – the position at the beginning of take-off in athletes aged 14-17.

Soil suitability analysis and evaluation of pistachio orchard farming, using canonical multivariate analysis

Soil properties and crop yields are strongly interrelated. Identifying the relation can leads to better management of cultivation and land suitability evaluation. Some difficulties related to statistically analyzing the soil properties, especially in relation with the crops and water, arises from the fact of their high variability and intercorrelation, which causes the multicollinearity problems. Adequate choice and use of multivariate statistical methods is appropriate to approach these areas of investigation. This study deals with the relations and interdependencies of soil physio-chemical attributes and pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) yield, as the most important commercial nut crop of Iran and one of the most worldwide. The study area is the pistachio orchard farms of Anar region in Rafsanjan County, Kerman, Iran; and the employed canonical multivariate methods are redundancy analysis (RDA) and discriminant analysis (DA). Six orchards were chosen with the same managerial procedures, pistachio cultivars (Owhadi) and tree ages. But, due to the aim of distinguishing influential soil properties, the vegetative growth and pistachio yields were different. Each orchard then was divided to two suitable and unsuitable parts, based on the actually measured yields. In each part, three replicates of soil sampling (in to depths of 0–50 and 50–100 cm) and three trees for eachever were considered in order to determining the pistachio yields. To explore the interrelationships between soil properties, orchard suitable/unsuitable parts and yields and distinguishing misclassified orchards based on the yield parameter and vegetative growth, the canonical multivariate RDA was employed. Results showed a relatively strong correspondence between yield and soil properties. Clay, EC, K and B were negatively related and sand and CaCO3 significantly positive correlated and altogether explained 100% of yield total variation. The multivariate DA then adopted to reclassify the orchard samples into two performance groups based on the variations of soil attributes. Results indicated two influential variables of clay and EC in distinguishing land suitability for pistachio farming, were able to classify 80.5% of orchards correctly (73.7% to suitable orchards and 88.2% to unsuitable ones). Overally, results showed a significant difference between soil properties in suitable and unsuitable areas, as well as a significant relationship between some soil properties and the yield of pistachio. Findings, applicably recommend that site suitability for optimal pistachio cultivation can satisfactorily be evaluated using only few and easy-determining soil properties, throughout canonical discriminant functions of appropriate multivariate analysis.

Movement Coordination: Identification of Development Peculiarities in Girls and Boys Aged 11-13

The study objective is to determine the possibility of identifying the state of coordination abilities development in girls and boys aged 11-13 using the methodology of multidimensional statistics.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Study participants. The study involved girls: 11 (n=20), 12 (n=23), 13 (n=19) years old; boys: 11 (n=21), 12 (n=20), 13 (n=19) years old. Study organization. The paper used analysis and generalization of scientific literature data, testing, discriminant analysis. Testing procedure. The testing program included well-known tests (Liakh, 2000; Serhiienko, 2001; Ivashchenko, 2016).&#x0D; Study results: The first canonical function explains 65.7% of the results variation, the second one – 25.1%, the third – 4.8%, which indicates their informative value. The coefficients of canonical correlation indicate the prognostic value of these functions. The first canonical discriminant function is most substantially related to the results of tests 4 (r=0.526), 14 (r=0.377), 2 (r=-0.306): therefore, a significant difference between the girls and boys aged 11-13 is observed in the development level of relative and speed strength, movement coordination. The structure coefficients of the second canonical discriminant function indicate that the function is most substantially related to variables 2 (r=0.502), 16 (r=0.434), 9 (r=0.379), 17 (r=0.357): so, a significant difference between the girls aged 12-13 and boys aged 11-13 is observed in speed strength, vestibular stability, and anthropometric data.&#x0D; Conclusions: The discriminant models characterize both age- and gender-related peculiarities of movement coordination development in the girls and boys aged 11-13. The data obtained show significant differences between the groups of girls and boys aged 11-13 both in the structure of coordination abilities development and the level of preparedness, and highlight the need to conduct separate physical education classes for girls and boys. Different programs should be used to develop coordination abilities in boys and girls aged 11-13.

Stock delineation of the long-whiskered catfish, Sperata aor (Hamilton 1822), from River Ganga by using morphometrics

Long-term isolation of populations and interbreeding can lead to morphometric variations among fish populations. This study was conducted with the objective to delineate stock structure of Sperata aor on the basis of morphometric characters, using truss network of the fish body. In total, 407 S. aor samples were collected from the four sampling locations of the Ganga River, viz. Narora, Kanpur, Varanasi and Bhagalpur. In total, 28 truss distance measurements were created by joining 13 morphometric landmarks on the fish body. MANCOVA showed significant (P&amp;lt;0.001) morphological variance among the sampling locations for the target fish species. Univariate ANOVA showed significant (P&amp;lt;0.001) differences in each of the morphometric measurements among the fish from different sampling locations. Wilk’s lambda test of canonical discriminant function analysis showed significant (P&amp;lt;0.001) differences in morphometric measurements of the fish from all sampling locations. Discriminant function analysis using Jackknife (leave-one-out) cross-validation classification showed 87.5% correct classification of the individuals into their original populations. Mantel test showed an overall good correlation between the genetic and morphometric datasets in the selected fish species. The results of this study can be employed in formulating stock-specific management strategies for S. aor from River Ganga.

Leaf morphological and genetic variation between Quercus rubra and Quercus ellipsoidalis: comparison of sympatric and parapatric populations

Species boundaries in oaks are often not clear-cut, which is potentially a result of interspecific hybridization with trait introgression and phenotypic plasticity. Quercus rubra L. and Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill are two interfertile partially sympatric red oak species (section Lobatae) with different adaptations to drought. Quercus ellipsoidalis is the most drought tolerant of the North American red oak species and is characterized by deep tap roots, a shrubby growth and by deeply dissected leaves. Genetic differentiation between species is low for most molecular markers. However, one genic microsatellite in a CONSTANS-like (COL) gene, FIR013, was previously identified as outlier locus under strong divergent selection between species. In this study, we analyzed leaf morphometric traits in neighboring (parapatric) Q. rubra/Q. ellipsoidalis populations and in one sympatric population from the same region along an environmental gradient. Using multivariate statistics of leaf traits both species showed distinct bimodal frequency distributions for the first canonical discriminant function with some overlap in the phenotypic extremes, especially in the sympatric population. Leaf dissection traits showed strong and consistent differentiation between species in sympatric and parapatric populations, while differentiation for leaf size was lower in the sympatric population under more similar environmental conditions. Leaf phenotypes in F1 hybrids and introgressive forms suggested maternal effects and introgression of leaf traits between species. The association of outlier gene copy number at FIR013 with species-discriminating leaf traits in Quercus rubra can be a reflection of population differences since outlier gene copy number and population membership show significant collinearity. Similar environmental selection pressures on outlier alleles and leaf shape could also have resulted in this association. In future studies, segregating full-sib families could be used to test whether outlier alleles and associated genomic regions are indeed associated with leaf traits or other species-discriminating characters.

VARIABEL-VARIABEL YANG MENENTUKAN TINGKAT PROFITABILITAS BANK

This research was conducted at BPR in Bali Province. Data in this research is financial ratio and financial report of BPR period year 2012-2015. Sampling technique in this research by using census method Independent variable in research that is CAR, NPL, LDR, and BOPO. Dependent variable is profitability financial ratios with ROA indicator. Data analysis in this research use discriminant analysis technique. Based on the discriminant test using simultance, the Unstandardized Canonical Discriminant Function model can classify two groups of BPR based on their discriminant value appropriately by 79% of the total sample. The result of this research shows that LDR and BOPO have positive and significant influence on the level of Profitability. CAR and NPL have no significant effect on Profitability level. Operational Cost of Operating Income (BOPO) is the most dominant financial ratios to differentiate bank profitability. So the bank management is expected to be more effective and efficient in managing its operational costs. Further research can examine other financial variables.

Effects of the Y-chromosome and the dominant hemimelia mutation on the morphology of the mouse mandible.

The aims of this study were to test whether the Y-chromosome and the autosomal dominant hemimelia (Dh) mutation can affect mandible morphology in mice. I analyzed mandible size and shape using landmark-based geometric morphometrics in 16 DH-Chr Y@ -+/+ (@ represents one of the inbred strain names) strains and observed significant differences in mandible size. The largest mandible was identified in strain DH-Chr YC3H and the smallest in strain DH-Chr YKK . Canonical variate and discriminant function analyses suggested that the mandible shapes of strains DH-Chr YC3H and DH-Chr YKK differed from those of the other strains. Because seven of the DH-Chr Y@ -+/+ strains were maintained with dominant hemimelia, I also analyzed the potential influence of dominant hemimelia on mandible morphology because dominant hemimelia is known to cause various skeletal malformations. There were no significant differences in mandible size in seven sets of DH-Chr Y@ -+/+ and DH-Chr Y@ -Dh/+ strains. However, canonical variate analysis mapped strains DH-Chr YCAS -Dh/+ and DH-Chr YCBA -Dh/+ mapped distantly from the rest. Additionally, I observed similar patterns of shape change between DH-Chr YCAS -+/+ and DH-Chr YCAS -Dh/+, and between DH-Chr YCBA -+/+ and DH-Chr YCBA -Dh/+. These data indicate that the Y-chromosome affects the size and shape of the mouse mandible. Dominant hemimelia affects mandible shape but not size, and its effects emerge depending on the kinds of Y-chromosomes.

Short Communication: Biometric of freshwater crayfish (Cherax spp.) from Papua and West Papua, Indonesia

Abinawanto, Hamidah H, Bowolaksono A, Eprilurahman R. 2018. Short Communication: Biometric of freshwater crayfish (Cherax spp.) from Papua and West Papua,, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 489-495. Freshwater crayfish, Cherax spp. is a native crayfish species in Papua, Indonesia. Biometric information of this crayfish species in Indonesia is limited. Hence, this study aimed to provide these data. Specimens were collected from West Papua Province, i.e., from Uter Lake (Atinjo Subdistrict, Maybrat) and Seremuk River (Haha Village, Seremuk Subdistrict, South Sorong), respectively. Besides, the specimens were also collected from Papua Province in Baliem River at Pike Village, Hubukiak Subdistrict, and Wesaput Village, Wesaput Subdistrict, Jayawijaya. Data were analyzed using canonical discriminant function (CDF). The results showed that the longest carapace of Cherax spp. was 97.83 mm found in Baliem River at Pike Village. CDF analysis showed that there were three population groups of Cherax spp. from four locations. The first group originated from Uter Lake (Atinjo Subdistrict) and Seremuk River (Haha village). The second group was from Baliem River (Pike Village; Hubukiak Subdistrict, Jayawijaya and the third group from Baliem River (Wesaput Village; Wesaput Subdistrict)

Soil forensics: A spectroscopic examination of trace evidence

Among various trace evidence, the soil is very crucial evidence because it can link the suspect with the crime and crime with its geographical region. Based on this hypothesis, the aim of present research is to characterize, differentiate and classify the soil samples collected from various geological regions of northwestern India via using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. The organic and inorganic parts of surface and depth soil samples are successfully characterized. Sieving and heating of soil in a muffle furnace (650°C) affect the spectral features considerably. The differentiation of soil samples is done by utilizing two approaches i.e. qualitative analysis and multivariate analysis. Both approaches provide a high discriminating power (i.e. qualitative analysis, surface=99.35%, depth=97.38%, and multivariate analysis, surface=100%, depth=100%). A classification model based on canonical discriminant function analysis is also built for grouping of soil to its particular geographical region. The developed model provides 100% correct classification of soil samples after the leave-one-out cross-validation. Therefore, the current study provides useful methods of soil analysis which can further be utilized by soil as well as forensic expert dealing with such cases.

Evaluation of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Identification and Sex Determination in Indian Children

Objective: To analyse the role of palatal rugoscopy in person identification and sex determination. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 30 children having mixed dentition within the age range of 8-15 years. Based on the length of the rugae, it was classified as primary (>5mm), secondary (3-5mm) and fragmentary ( 0.05) among boys over girls (boys - 224 and girls - 213) and circular rugae pattern and secondary rugae were more among girls (88) over boys (56) (p<0.05). Converging unification pattern was more among boys (17) over girls (11), whereas diverging pattern was more among girls (19) over boys (13), but there was no difference for wavy and curved patterns between boys and girls. These results were confirmed with standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient test. Conclusion: The present study hypothesizes the uniqueness of the rugae pattern in person identification as no two palates showed similar type of rugae in either of the genders. Palatal rugae revealed a specific pattern in unification among boys and girls. Discriminant function analysis enabled sex determination of individuals.

Fish scale identification: From individual to species-specific shape variability

Background. Species identification from recovered fish scales, e.g., from the sediment or stomach contents, has proven to be problematic for clupeid species. To ensure reliable species discrimination within Clupeidae, we attempted to reveal inter- and intra-specific, as well as, the intra-individual variability of scale shape in two sympatric clupeid species the European pilchard, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) and the round sardinella, Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847. Our aim was to test, whether the landmark-based geometric morphometric method is reliable for species identification from mixed samples. Materials and methods. The specimens of European pilchard and round sardinella were collected between May and October 2014 from the Gulf of Ambracia, Greece. The scale samples were taken from ten body areas (marked by letters A&ndash;J) of 487 specimens in total. A multiple-step analysis was conducted on randomly selected blind samples. The differences between body areas were assessed with canonical variate analysis (CVA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) to compute generalized Mahalanobis distances (D) and discriminant functions (T2), respectively. Results. The CVA based on the total scale samples showed that in sardinella, all body areas differed significantly from each other (D = 2.54 &plusmn; 0.79, P &lt; 0.001) except for one (area I vs. J: D = 22.36, P = 0.085). In pilchard, two body area pairs represented non-significant group pairs (area D vs. G: D = 1.03, P = 0.12; and area F vs. G: D = 1.21, P = 0.06), whereas all other areas were significantly different (D = 2.43 &plusmn; 0.88, P = 0.003). At the last step of the blind sampling procedure, all scales were correctly classified by species with an average discrimination rate as high as 96.3%. Conclusion. In contrast to scale identification based merely on morphology, the geometric morphometric method is capable of detecting differences in scale shape from mixed samples that are unattainable with the former approach. Therefore, a more reliable and effective species identification can be accomplished from recovered scales, especially when discriminating species within the same family or genus.

Describing the Body Shape of Rainbow Sardine (Dussumieria Acuta) Using Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometric Analysis

This study utilized geometric morphometric analysis of the body shape between sexes of Dussumieria acuta . Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) of the relative warp scores show significant differences in the body shape between males and females. Females exhibit body shapes that are geared to support larger number of eggs as shown by the distension of their belly region and a broader body compared to the males which possess a slender body shape. Variations observed within sexes can be attributed to selection pressures present in the environment. It is concluded that landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis is a useful tool in describing variations within and between sexes of D. acuta.

VARIABEL KEUANGAN YANG MEMBEDAKAN TINGKAT LIKUIDITAS BANK UMUM DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This research developed a research model that aims to explain financial ratio that can differentiate the liquidity level of commercial banks, and identify the financial ratios which among the financial ratios that sever the most dominant to sever the liquidity level of banks listed on the IDX period 2010-2014. The independent variables in the research are bank financial ratios of bank size, NWC, CAR, ROA, ROE and NPL. Dependent variable used in this research is liquidity ratio with Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) indicator. The data analysis in this research uses discriminant analysis technique. Based on discriminant test with simultaneous method, the discriminant model of Unstandardized Canonical Discriminant Function (UCDF) can classify two groups of commercial banks based on their discriminant value by exactly 69.2% of the total sample or classification error of 30,8%. The result of research indicate from the six independent variables in this research, only 3 (three) variables have significance value &lt;0,1 so it can sever liquidity level of commercial bank. Variables that can differentiate the liquidity level of the commercial banks are CAR (sig = 0.061), NPL (sig = 0.067) and NWC (sig = 0.074). CAR variable with the lowest significance value shows that the most dominant variable sever the liquidity level of commercial banks listed BEI.

Prediction of basal glycaemia dynamics during treatment with 6-month lipid-lowering therapy in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease

Background. A major meta-analysis has confirmed the ability of statins to exert both diabetogenic and hyperglycaemic effects. To date, practical recommendations for predicting glucose dynamics during lipid-lowering therapy have not been developed.&#x0D; Aims. Identify the combination of factors that can predict changes in basal glycaemia during 6-month lipid-lowering therapy in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease.&#x0D; Methods. This study reports on 50 patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, and 18 patients with coronary artery disease without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Of note, 29 of the 50 diabetic or glucose intolerant patients had documented ischaemic heart disease (stable angina). Patients were randomised into three groups: Gr.1 (n=33, atorvastatin therapy), Gr.2 (n=17, atorvastatin in combination with ezetimibe) and Gr.3 (n=18, rosuvastatin therapy). After treatment for 24 weeks, we assessed lipid profile dynamics, metabolism of glucose/insulin and the HOMA-IR index. Multivariate analysis was then performed to identify factors that predicted increases in basal glycaemia.&#x0D; Results. All of the included patients completed 24 weeks of treatment (N=68). Lipid-lowering effect was significant in all three groups, and overall, target LDL cholesterol level was achieved in 50% of patients (n=34). In Gr.2, basal glucose level increased from 5.5(5.36.6) to 6.3(5.67.8) mmol/l (p=0.0014), which was accompanied by an increase in HOMA-IR (p=0.024). No significant change in basal glycaemia was observed in Grs.1 and 3. Moreover, an increase in the basal glycaemia was observed in 48.5% of patients in Gr.1, 70.6% in Gr.2 and 44.4% in Gr.3. Multivariate discriminant analysis across all patient groups revealed a canonical linear discriminant function that included the following factors: baseline basal glucose levels, total cholesterol levels, triglycerides and ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterol. Sensitivity and specificity of the model accounted for 75%; 51 out of the 68 cases were correctly classified when predicting the dynamics of basal glucose during lipid-lowering therapy.&#x0D; Conclusions. Our data demonstrate the ability to predict the dynamics of the basal glycaemia during lipid-lowering therapy. This may allow for a new way to identify patients at high risk of statin-related increases in glycaemia.

Methodological Approaches to Pedagogical Control of Motor Readiness of Girls Aged 6-10

The objective is to determine methodological approaches to pedagogical control of motor readiness of girls aged 6-10. Materials and methods. The participants in the experiment were girls aged 6 (n = 36), aged 7 (n = 48), aged 8 (n = 57), aged 9 (n = 38), aged 10 (n = 46). To achieve the tasks set, the research relied on the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics. The testing program consisted of well-known tests. As a modeling method, the research used factor and discriminant analyses.Results. The analysis of the factor and discriminant model of motor readiness has provided information necessary for making decisions in physical education management, as well as for developing effective physical training programs for girls aged 6-10.Conclusions. The girls aged 6-10 show a multifactorial structure of motor readiness. By analyzing the common features, the research has defined informative tests of motor readiness control for each age group. During the analysis, the research has calculated the canonical discriminant function coefficients (non-standardized), which act as the factors of specified variable values included in the discriminant functions. On their basis, it is possible to classify the girls by their level of motor readiness according to the age, which is of practical value.