Canola Research Articles

Effects of Different Frying Oils Composed of Various Fatty Acids on the Formation of Multiple Hazards in Fried Pork Balls.

Oil oxidation products can react with food substrates to produce harmful substances, and oil saturation is closely related to oil oxidation in the process of frying. Therefore, the influence of the composition of fatty acids in oil on the formation of harmful substances in fried pork balls was explored. The five frying oils with the lowest unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content, ranked in ascending order, were palm oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, corn oil, and colza oil (64.94%, 79.94%, 82.65%, 83.07%, and 92.26%, respectively). The overall levels of four harmful substances (acrylamide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines, and trans fatty acids) found in the oil used to fry pork balls followed a descending order: canola oil, corn oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, and palm oil (33.66 μg/kg, 27.17 μg/kg, 23.45 μg/kg, 18.67 μg/kg, and 13.19 μg/kg, respectively). This order was generally consistent with the trend in the content of UFAs. Therefore, the formation of harmful substances is closely related to the saturation of oil. Compared with other frying oils, soybean oil as a household oil produces relatively low amounts of harmful substances and has less negative impact on the quality (oil content, moisture content, and higher protein digestibility) of fried products.

Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Solid Soap with a Combination of Liquid Cheese Waste, Turmeric (Curcuma longa), and Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel

Yoghurt whey is a product from fermented cheese liquid waste. Yoghurt cheese liquid waste has been known to contain lactoferrin. Lactoferrin functions as an antimicrobial. yoghurt made from whey has not been widely utilized as a solid soap ingredient. This research focuses on producing solid natural soap made of yoghurt whey with added natural dye turmeric and dragon fruit peel, soap quality testing, and analysis of the soap's antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus. The solid soap was processed through the saponification reaction between palm oil, coconut oil, zaitun oil, and canola oil with sodium hydroxide. Variations of yogurt whey used in this study yoghurt 25%,75%,100% whey) was added natural dye (turmeric and dragon fruit peel). The quality test was done by determining free alkali, water content, pH, and foam height. Antibacterial activity test using the well diffusion method. The result shows that the quality test yoghurt soap meets with INS (Indonesia National Standard) 2016, for all the criteria. Performs inhibition against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Yoghurt whey is potently used as an antibacterial agent in the manufacture of natural solid soap.

Air-frying of meat analog based parfried frozen batter coated foods

Air-frying (AF) is a novel method of producing low-fat containing fried foods using hot-air. This study investigated the effects of AF parameters on mass-transfer, texture, surface microstructure and color changes during air frying of meat-analog based batter coated parfried frozen products, and mathematically modeled their kinetics. Wheat and rice flour-based batters were used to coat a meat-analog model. Coated products were partially-fried at 180 °C for 1 min in canola oil and subsequently frozen at −18 °C for 7 days. Frozen-products were fried for different time (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 min) by hot-air of different temperature (160, 170, 180, 190 °C). Mass-transfer, texture and color development during AF of parfried-frozen coated products were dependent on both AF parameter and batter-formulations. At varied temperature, moisture content of frozen-products declined with AF time. Non-linear regression analysis outcome (R2, sum square error) showed that Newton, Page, modified Page, and Henderson & Pabis model satisfactorily predicted moisture-loss of parfried-frozen products. Zero-order kinetic model satisfactorily characterized the changes in textural (hardness, brittleness, crispiness) and color (L, a*,b*, ΔE) traits. Rate-constant (min−1) of moisture, texture and color changes were positively correlated with AF temperature. Arrhenius model sufficiently characterized the temperature-dependency of rate constants. Higher moisture diffusivity (Deff, m2/min) and rate constant (k, min−1) of textural changes were estimated for rice-flour based batter coated products, whereas higher rate of total color change (ΔE) and activation energy (Ea, kJ/mol) were estimated for wheat-flour based batter coated products. Surface microstructure (openings, roughness) of air-fried products were impacted by batter-formulation and parameters of AF. Overall, batter formulations and AF parameters are the key to customize both macro and micro quality attributes of meat-analog based batter coated product.

Effects of dietary camelina, flaxseed, and canola oil supplementation on plasma fatty acid concentrations and health parameters in horses

Camelina (Camelina sativa) is a hardy, low-input oilseed crop that provides a rich source of the n-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA). The primary purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of dietary camelina oil (CAM) consumption on various health parameters, as compared to horses fed canola oil (OLA) or flax oil (FLX). Secondly, to determine how dietary CAM, FLX, and OLA alter circulating plasma total lipids across time. Thirty horses, from three separate herds, were used for this study [14.9 years ± 5.3 years; 544 ± 66 kg calculated BW (mean ± SD)]. After a 4-week gradual acclimation period using sunflower oil mixed with soaked hay cubes, horses were balanced by location, age, sex, weight, and breed and randomly allocated to one of three treatment oils (CAM, OLA, or FLX) at an inclusion of 370 mg of oil/kg BW/day. Horses had ad libitum access to hay and/or pasture for the duration of the study. Body condition score (BCS), BW, oil intake, complete blood counts, plasma biochemical profiles, and plasma total lipids were measured on weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 throughout the 16-week treatment period. BW, BCS, and oil intake were analyzed using an ANOVA using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS Studio. Complete blood counts and biochemical profiles were analyzed using an ANCOVA, and fatty acids were analyzed using an ANOVA in PROC MIXED in SAS Studio. No differences were observed among treatment groups for BW, BCS, oil intake, complete blood counts, and biochemical parameters. Individual fatty acids that differed among treatments and/or across time were largely reflective of the different FA profiles of the oils provided. Most notably, plasma ALA was greater for FLX than OLA, but neither differed from CAM (P = 0.01). Linoleic acid did not differ among treatments or over time (P > 0.05). The n-6:n-3 ratio decreased over time for both CAM and FLX, and ratios were lower for FLX than OLA at week 16, but not different from CAM (P = 0.02). These results suggest that dietary CAM had no adverse effects on health parameters and that daily supplementation of CAM and FLX at 370 mg of oil/kg BW/day induces positive changes (a decrease) in the n-6:n-3 status of the horse. Consequently, CAM may be considered as an alternative oil to FLX in equine diets.

Added γ-oryzanol boosted anti-inflammatory effects of canola oil in adult subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of daily intake of γ-oryzanol (ORZ)-fortified canola oil, as compared with plain canola and sunflower oils, on certain inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in adult subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). We randomly allocated 92 adult subjects with T2D from both sexes to one of the following groups to receive: (a) ORZ-fortified canola oil (ORZO; n1 = 30); (b) unfortified canola oil (CANO; n2 = 32); or (c) sunflower oil (SUFO; n3 = 30) for 12weeks. Dietary and laboratory evaluations were performed initially and finally. Serum hs-CRP concentrations significantly decreased in ORZO group (from 3.1 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.2 mg/L), as compared with CANO (p = 0.003) and SUFO (p < 0.001) groups. Serum IL-6 significantly decreased just in ORZO (-22.8%, p = 0.042) and CANO groups (-19.8%, p = 0.038). However, the between-group differences were not significant. Serum IL-1β slightly decreased in ORZO (-28.1%, p = 0.11) and increased in SUFO (+ 20.6%, p = 0.079) but between-group difference was statistically significant (p = 0.017). Serum IFN-γ concentrations decreased significantly only in ORZO (from 3.3 ± 0.08 to 2.9 ± 0.21 IU/mL, p = 0.044). Salivary IgA concentrations increased significantly in all three intervention groups. Notwithstanding, only the difference between ORZO and CANO groups was statistically significant (p = 0.042). Similarly, circulating malondialdehyde concentrations significantly decreased in all three groups but with no between-group significant difference. Daily consumption of ORZ-fortified canola oil, compared with unfortified canola and sunflower oils, for 12 weeks resulted in boosting of certain anti-inflammatory effects of canola oil. These findings may have preventive implications for both clinicians and policy makers. This clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (03.08.2022; NCT05271045).

Approach towards green manufacturing in Maglev EDM using different biodegradable dielectrics at variable discharge conditions

The urge to implement eco-friendly approach for modern manufacturing techniques has assisted in eliminating the hazardous effect of the undesirable byproducts released into the atmosphere. In electro-discharge machining (EDM) process, the hydrocarbon oil degradation releases various toxic gases and non-biodegradable residuals as byproducts. Several bio-dielectrics have been implemented to overcome such setbacks as an economical replacement to conventional hydrocarbon oil dielectrics. The current research demonstrates a green Maglev EDM operation on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using neem oil and canola oil as bio-dielectrics compared with EDM oil. Maglev EDM utilizes novel bipolar linear self-servo strategy for tool positioning which generates consistent machining stability by unique magnetic repulsive force balance action. The performance characteristics of all the dielectrics have been examined through machining rate (MR), tool wear rate (TWR), consumed specific energy (SE), area roughness parameters and surface morphology. The results were compared for respective bio-dielectric at variable discharge voltages (VD) i.e. 22 V, 25 V and 28 V, whereas the discharge current (ID) varied within (220-250 mA). The performance assessment depicts (25 to 28) % lower SE consumption in neem oil and (35 to 37)% in canola oil as compared to EDM oil. The surface morphology assessment portrays lower deformities and better uniformity using bio-dielectrics with huge potential for selective surface modification.

Physical and mathematical modelling of the massing process of marinated pork and beef preparation technology

The main process in the technology of natural marinated semi-finished meat products is the marinating process, which depends on the marinating method, temperature conditions, and composition of the marinade mixture. To enhance the distribution of marinades within the meat, mechanical processing of the raw material is necessary, specifically using the massaging process, to achieve uniform distribution of curing agents, changes in structure, and increased activity of enzymatic systems utilized in marinades. The main goal of this study is to model the massaging process, which allows the processing of the obtained experimental data in the form of a criterion equation. For the research, 8 samples were used, including 3 experimental pork samples and 1 control, as well as 3 experimental beef samples and 1 control. The main components of the samples include pork meat, beef meat, canola oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, curing ingredients, spices and seasonings, bromelain enzyme, and yeast extract. To carry out the massaging process in the investigated procedure, a massager of the model MAL 50-1500 was employed. The research results indicate that the determined mass transfer equation demonstrates a predominant influence in the investigated massaging process, involving changes in the concentration of sunflower, canola, and olive oil in the product, affecting the diffusion coefficient, size of dispersed phase particles, and mass transfer coefficient within the load.

PSIII-22 Substituting Palm Oil By Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Rich Oils Reduces Methane Emissions at a Different Degree Depending on Concentrate Formula of Dairy Beef Calves: in Vitro Screening

Abstract In dairy beef calves fed high-concentrate diets even methane emissions may be lesser than calves fed high-roughage diets there is still room to improvement. Substituting palm oil, an ingredient that is questioned by the impact on deforestation of some regions, by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may be a good strategy that needs to be tested. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the rumen in vitro methane gas production by substituting palm oil by different oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids in two different concentrates in T1 the main protein source was SBM (8%) and in T2 the main protein source was corn DDG (15%); the remaining concentrate ingredients were 50% corn, 15 to 13% barley, 15 to 16% wheat middlings, beet pulp (5.5% in T1), 1.8% calcium carbonate, 0.5% salt, 0.2% premix. Palm oil was substituted (4 or 3.5 % in T1 or T2, respectively) by canola oil (CO), sunflower oil (SU) or soybean meal oil (SO), so 8 treatments were tested (T1, T1-CO, T1-SU, T1-SO, T2, T2-CO, T2-SU, T2-SO), which are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids in two. Samples were 1-mm grinded at 1-mm and used in an in vitro digestibility assay as described by [Goeser and Combs (2009)]. The rumen liquid, obtained from rumens at slaughterhouse of beef animals fed high-concentrate diets with a close formula to T1 and T2, was strained through a cheesecloth, collected into pre-warmed thermal flasks, and kept at 39ºC until being used. Two incubation sets were done in parallel and in triplicate: one lasted 48 hours to calculate the DM digestibility; the second lasted 12 days to monitor the methane gas production. A tendency (P = 0.10) in the interaction among basal diet and oil source was observed in total methane production corrected by blank methane production; numerically the same trend (P = 0.14) was observed in net volume of CH4 per degraded DM. After 12 days, the least methane production values were observed in T1-SO and T2-CO (30 and 29 mL ± 4.6, respectively), while the largest methane values were observed in T1-SU (45 ± 4.6 mL) being the remaining treatments intermediate values (42, 39, 31, 38, 41 ± 4.6 mL for T1, T1-CO, T2, T2-SU, T2-SO, respectively). In conclusion, depending on the concentrate formula (protein source used) the effect of fat source used to substitute palm oil and reduce methane emission may differ.

Electrospun PAN-PS membranes with improved hydrophobic properties for high-performance oil/water separation

In this study, pure polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and waste polystyrene (PS) foams were used together for the production of membranes. Fumed silica (FS) was added to the prepared electrospinning solutions to increase the surface hydrophobicity, and the hydrophobic properties of the obtained membranes were confirmed by water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The surface hydrophobicity of the membranes increased with the addition of FS (0.5–1.5 % wt.) to the polymer solution, and the WCA increased from 104° to 128°. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses were carried out to define the structural and morphological characteristics of the produced membranes, while Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis was carried out to determine the molecular weight of the employed waste PS foam. SEM analysis revealed that the produced membranes had an almost bead-free structure and were quite homogeneous with a fiber structure extended into each other. In the tests carried out to compare the oil removal performance of the membranes, the permeability flux of the PAN/PS/FS-0 membrane was calculated as 534.96 Lm−2h−1 in the system where only gravity is effective. On the other hand, the permeability flux value for canola oil–water mixtures in the forced system using PAN/PS/FS-1.5 membrane was calculated as 613.43 Lm−2h−1. FS added to the membrane structure did not affect the separation by gravity, while the addition of FS to the membrane structure in the mechanical system increased the separation performance. The PAN/PS/FS-1.5 membrane, which has a very good separation performance in harsh conditions, showed a permeability value of 6369 Lm−2h−1 in the separation of dichloromethane (DCM) from water. However, while the PAN/PS/FS-1.5 membrane had a separation efficiency of 98 % in the gravimetric method, this value was > 99.0 in the forced separation process. In the reusability test, no physical deformation was observed in the membrane after a total of 30 cycles and a 33 % loss in permeability flux occurred.

Development and optimization of methylcellulose-based edible coating using response surface methodology for improved quality management of ready-to-eat pomegranate arils

ABSTRACT In this study, the methylcellulose edible coating additives, namely, salicylic acid (SA) (1–2.5 mM), canola oil (0.05–0.1%) and tween-80 (0.05–0.1%) were optimized using RSM to improve quality management of pomegranate arils. The central composite design was used, and the response variables included mass loss (ML), total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH scavenging activity). The results showed that ML was affected by the quadratic terms of canola oil, tween-80 and SA, whereas TSS was affected by the quadratic terms of canola oil and tween-80. The interaction of SA and canola oil showed a significant effect on TSS and TPC, whereas DPPH scavenging activity was affected by linear terms of SA and canola oil. The optimized conditions for the independent variables were 1.55 mM, 0.079% and 0.079% for SA, canola oil and tween-80, respectively. The predicted responses were consistent with experimental values, indicating the model accuracy and suitability.

Electromagnetic, Air and Fat Frying of Plant Protein-Based Batter-Coated Foods.

There is growing consumer and food industry interest in plant protein-based foods. However, quality evolution of plant protein-based meat analog (MA) is still a rarely studied subject. In this study, wheat and rice flour-based batter systems were used to coat plant protein-based MA, and were partially fried (at 180 °C, 1 min) in canola oil, subsequently frozen (at -18 °C) and stored for 7 days. Microwave heating (MH), infrared heating (IH), air frying (AF) and deep-fat frying (DFF) processes were employed on parfried frozen MA products, and their quality evolution was investigated. Results revealed that the fat content of MH-, IH- and AF-treated products was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than DFF-treated counterparts. Batter coatings reduced fat uptake in DFF of MA-based products. Both the batter formulations and cooking methods impacted the process parameters and quality attributes (cooking loss, moisture, texture, color) of MA-based coated food products. Moreover, the post-cooking stability of moisture and textural attributes of batter-coated MA-based products was impacted by both the batter formulations and cooking methods. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of MA-based products' crust ranged from -20.0 °C to -23.1 °C, as determined with differential scanning calorimetry. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that surface structural-chemical evolution of MA-based products was impacted by both the coating formulations and cooking methods. Overall, AF has been found as a suitable substitute for DFF in terms of studied quality attributes of meat analog-based coated products.

Global Trends in the Use of Biodiesel Fuel

The potential ways for reducing the consumption of hydrocarbon minerals through the use of biofuels are presented, the prospects for increasing the global biodiesel market at an average annual rate of 4.9%, which will amount to about 63 million tons by the end of 2030 are given. The largest producers and consumers of motor biofuel the USA, Brazil, the European Union, Argentina, Indonesia and China are identified. It has been established that the raw materials for producing biofuel from vegetable oils are mainly soybean, canola, jatropha, palm, coconut and castor oils.

Mycelium-bound lipase as skillful biocatalysts: Production of fatty acid concentrates from waste oils for the food industry

This study aimed to produce Rhizopus oryzae whole-cells having high lipolytic activity. The hydrolytic activity of 558.99 U.g−1 and total lipase activity of 7440.17 U was obtained in 72 h of cultivation using 30 g.L−1 of canola oil. Optimal activity was observed at pH 7.5 and 30 °C. Kinetic parameters were determined through olive oil hydrolysis (Km = 59.96 mM, Vmax = 344.09 μmol.g−1.min−1). Thermal inactivation constant and half-life were 0.15 h−1 and 4.62 h at 50 °C. Hydrolysis of vegetable oils achieved 80% yield in 24 h. These results suggest that the biocatalyst shows the potential to produce free fatty acids of great industrial interest.

An ICP-MS study on metal content in biodiesel and bioglycerol produced from heated and unheated canola oils

This study addresses the challenges of biodiesel production costs and waste oil disposal by investigating the use of low-cost waste oil as a feedstock. The impact of heating temperature on biodiesel yield and trace metal levels is examined using response surface methodology (RSM). Optimal conditions for high biodiesel yields (95–98%) from canola oil are determined with a methanol/oil ratio of 12:1, 1 wt% catalyst, and 60-min reaction time. For crude bioglycerol, the optimal conditions involve a methanol/oil ratio of 4.25:1, 2.93 wt% catalyst, and 119.15-min reaction time. Elemental analysis reveals the presence of high-concentration metals like Cu and Zn and low-concentration ones such as Pb, As, Se, and Zr in both oil feedstocks and their respective biodiesel and bioglycerol products. The study demonstrates that thermal stress on canola oil significantly impacts biodiesel and bioglycerol yields and trace metal levels during the transesterification process. The findings contribute to enhancing cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability in biodiesel production.

Front-to-package labels relevance for policy: the Nutri-Score as case study

Abstract Front-of-package nutrition labels provide simplified information on the nutritional composition of foods. They are considered efficient tools to help consumers make heathier food choices at the point of purchase and may thus contribute at preventing nutrition-related diseases (overweight and obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer etc.). The Nutri-score is a summary graded front-of-pack label developed in France in 2014. Using a nutrient profiling system, it classifies products in five categories from A/green to E/red depending on their composition in energy, saturated fats, sugars, salt, fibers, proteins and fruit, vegetables, legumes, nuts and olive, canola and nut oils. The validation of the Nutri-Score investigated both the validation of the nutrient profiling system underlying it and its graphical format, comparing its performance to several other schemes currently in use in the world. Overall, the Nutri-Score is aligned with dietary guidelines, and the average nutrient profile of the foods consumed at the dietary level appeared to reflect the nutritional quality of the diet. At the diet level, the nutrient profile of the foods consumed has been found to be associated with higher risks of cancer, cardio-vascular diseases, weight gain or metabolic syndrome in multiple cohort studies. Finally, compared to other schemes the Nutri-Score was found to be the most effective at improving the capacity of consumers to compare products and help them make healthier food choices in purchasing situations.

Storage Duration and Added Docosahexaenoic Acid Modify the Rates of Esterified and Free Oxylipin Formation in Infant Milk Formula

Infant milk formulas often contain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a highly unsaturated fatty acid that is prone to oxidation. Previously, we reported in oil that the esterified lipid pool is more prone to lipid oxidation than the free pool. However, it is unknown whether added DHA modifies lipid oxidation in infant formula. In the present study, we quantified lipid oxidation rates in infant milk formula containing canola oil (F1) or canola oil supplemented with DHA-ethyl ester (F2). Lipid oxidation kinetics were determined by quantifying esterified and free oxylipins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) during storage for 21 days at 4 °C. Esterified oxylipins increased in concentration within 3 and 7 days of storage in F2 (with DHA) and F1, respectively. Free oxylipins appeared 7 and 14 days later in F2 and F1, respectively. The kinetic estimates revealed that esterified oxylipins formed at a faster rate in both formulas compared to free oxylipins. Surprisingly, in F2 (which contains DHA), the rates of formation of both esterified and free linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid-derived oxylipins were higher than in F1. This study demonstrated that in food systems, DHA promotes the oxidation of other PUFAs, and that triacylglycerol/esterified lipids are preferentially oxidized over free fatty acids, highlighting the role of triacylglycerols in lipid oxidation.

Biodegradability Assessment of Prickly Pear Waste-Polymer Fibers under Soil Composting.

Nowadays, solving the problems associated with environmental pollution is of special interest. Therefore, in this work, the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of extruded fibers based on polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) added to prickly pear flour (PPF) under composting for 3 and 6 months were evaluated. The highest weight loss percentage (92 ± 7%) was obtained after 6-month degradation of the PLA/PBAT/PPF/CO/AA blend, in which PPF, canola oil (CO), and adipic acid (AA) were added. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed structural changes in the fibers as composting time increased. The main changes in the absorption bands observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were related to the decrease in -C=O (1740 cm-1) and -C-O (1100 cm-1) groups and at 1269 cm-1, associated with hemicellulose in the blends with PPF. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed an increase in the cold crystallization and melting point with degradation time, being more evident in the fibers with PPF, as well as a decrease in the mechanical properties, especially Young's modulus. The obtained results suggest that PPF residues could promote the biodegradability of PLA/PBAT-based fiber composites.

Use of Genetically Modified Canola Oil as a Replacement for Fish Oil in Practical Diets for Whiteleg Shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei Reared in Green Water Conditions

With current advancements in technology allowing for genetic modification of crops, canola has been modified to contain n3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of using genetically modified canola oil as a DHA and EPA replacement for Menhaden fish oil (FO) in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei. This trial was conducted using twenty-four 750 L tanks stocked at 40 shrimp per tank (0.1 ± 0.007 g initial weight) and grown for 63 days. Shrimp were fed one of five experimental diets (36% protein, 8% lipid) with supplemental FO replacement varying from 75% to 100% twice daily (7 a.m. and 7 p.m.). Two of the diets contained 15% fishmeal (FM) as the basal protein source, while the other three diets were FM free, allowing for complete removal of DHA sources in the basal formulation. While basal FO was removed, none of the experimental diets were completely devoid of FO. Shrimp were harvested and frozen after 9 weeks to be used for lipid extraction and taste and texture analysis by an untrained panel to mimic consumer responses. Results were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance, with significant differences observed in final mean weight (8.47–10.59 g) ( p = 0.0275 ), individual weight gain (8.37–10.48 g) ( p = 0.0279 ), and weekly gain (0.84–1.05 g) ( p = 0.0378 ). Human sensory analysis did not yield significant differences between measured taste parameters ( p &gt; 0.05 ). Lipid extraction and analysis results showed that fatty acid concentrations from whole shrimp samples correlate with diet lipid profiles except for EPA. There is no significant difference ( p &gt; 0.05 ) in EPA concentrations in whole shrimp samples regardless of diet. These results suggest that Latitude™ oil can be successfully used as a partial replacement for FO in commercial shrimp diets.

Technological and sensory characteristics of hamburgers made with polyunsaturated gelled emulsions.

The quest for healthiness has driven the meat industry to seek solutions to reduce or replace saturated animal fat. The replacement (partial or total) of animal fat by polyunsaturated vegetable oils rich in omega fatty acids has gained prominence in terms of making a product healthier. However, an obstacle to this strategy is the effects on the sensory characteristics of the products, which may be unfavorable to consumers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lipid reformulation of hamburgers through the total replacement of pork fat with canola, sunflower, and corn oil emulsions. The physical-chemical, technological, and sensory properties analyses were performed. There were no significant changes (P > 0.05) in moisture content, protein content, ash content, pH, weight loss (%), moisture retention (%), or shrinkage (%). However, the lipid content was reduced (P < 0.05) and there was a significant improvement in the fatty acid profile with the application of gelled emulsions. The lipid peroxidation and oxidation also increased (P < 0.05) for the samples with the addition of gelled emulsions, and we observed the same behavior for lipid retention (%). In the sensory evaluation, the samples showed good overall acceptance, with hedonic scores ranging from "like slightly" to "like very much." In addition, through check-all-that-apply questions, we observed that the most positive scores given applied to the treatments were applied to the emulsions. The total replacement of animal fat by gelled emulsions is a promising strategy for producing healthier hamburgers.

Optimal preparation of pyrene magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers by simulation calculation and study of its adsorption properties

The combination of magnetic molecular imprinting technology and simulation calculation has gained significant attention in the field of sample pretreatment due to its ability to reduce solvent consumption during the preparation process. However, traditional simulation methods have limitations in visualizing the π-π stack mechanism between target molecules and functional monomers. This study introduces a new method called interactive regional indicators, which can effectively select suitable functional monomers for the preparation of pyrene magnetic molecular imprinting polymers (PMs) by visualizing weak interactions. The results showed that PMs had higher adsorption capacity faster adsorption rate, and good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. PMs were applied to the adsorption of tap water and vegetable oil adsorption and its structural analogs. The results show that the LODs (S/N = 3) of PMs in water and canola oil samples are 0.82 × 10−5-4.1 × 10−5 mg/L and 0.576 × 10−3-4.347 × 10−3 mg/L, respectively, with high accuracy and precision. This method can be used for the pretreatment of pyrene in many substrates. It verifies the accuracy of theoretical calculation and provides some data support for theoretical calculation combined with experimental research.