Canina Fruits Research Articles

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS phytochemical investigation, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of Moroccan Rosa canina L. extracts

The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic composition and evaluate the biological properties of Rosa canina L. fruits. Three extraction methods (ultrasonic, maceration, and Soxhlet) were used to prepare the methanolic extracts. LC-MS analysis detected new phenolic compounds including phenolic acids (cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid), flavonols (quercetin glucoside, quercetin-glucuronide, quercetin-pentoside, kaempferol-glucoside), and hydrolyzable tannins (digalloylglucose, pyrogallol-2-O-glucuronide). According to Folin-Ciocalteu test, the TPC values were 138.47, 141.10, and 140.49 mg GAE/g extract for ultrasonic, maceration, and Soxhlet method, respectively. This phenolic richness was confirmed by the antioxidant power tests and FRAP assay. The ultrasonic extract presented IC50 of 30.12 μg/mL for the DPPH test, the Soxhlet extract had a concentration of 264.33 μmol TE/g extract for the ABTS test, and the maceration extract showed a level of 87.26 mg AAE/g extract, according to the FRAP assay. The anti-diabetic activity was determined by an α-amylase inhibition test. Based on this test, R. canina fruits revealed a significant antidiabetic activity (65.28%) for the ultrasonic extract at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. In conclusion, the hips of R. canina could be a natural source of potentially useful bioactive compounds for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress.

Customized Technological Designs to Improve the Traditional Use of Rosa canina Fruits in Foods and Ingredients

The rosehip fruits from Romanian spontaneous flora were valorized in three different customized variants, including jellified products, juices, and a nutraceutical. Prior to the technological design, the rosehip samples were characterized for individual polyphenolic content. The samples (non)-enzymatically treated showed epicatechin as the major compound, whereas the enzymatic treatment enhanced the extraction of quercetin (40.23 ± 0.48 mg/100 g DW extract), gallic acid (9.74 ± 0.24 mg/100 g DW extract), and kaempferol. Different ratios and types of sugars were added to obtain jellified products, leading to a significantly different bioactive profile. The sugar-free and steviol samples showed the highest content in carotenoids (89.36 ± 0.06 mg/g dry weight (DW) and 39.22 ± 1.16 mg/g DW, respectively), leading to the highest antioxidant activity (8.19 ± 0.80 mMol Trolox/g DW and 20.16 ± 0.31 mMol Trolox/g DW, respectively). The gelling capacity increased with the increase in sugar content. The enzymatically treated rosehip fruit pulp was mixed in various ratios with apple juice, followed by pasteurization. The polyphenolic content was approximately two times higher in the blended juices (20.75 ± 1.40 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 mL). The overall impression highlighted the preferences of panelists for sugar-free products, whereas adding apple juice significantly influenced their preferences. The fresh pulp was enhanced with pectin, followed by inoculation with Lactobacillus acidophilus, and freeze-dried showed satisfactory cell viability (approximately 7 log CFU/g DW), whereas an antidiabetic, anti-tyrosinase and anti-obesity potential of the powder was suggested. Our results provide enough evidence for customized processing of rosehip fruits in foods and nutraceuticals as a response to consumers' choices, highlighting the bioactive compounds and nutrient contents, whereas selected in vitro health-related evidence was suggested.

Effect of a Combination of Rosa canina Fruits and Apple Cider Vinegar against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity in Experimental Animal Models

Oxidative stress is the trigger of several diseases. It is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the protective property of Rosa canina fruits and apple cider vinegar combined or not against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. The experiment included five groups: group 1 received distilled water (10 mL/kg b.wt), group 2 received H2O2 10% (10 mL/kg b.wt), group 3 received H2O2 10% (10 mL/kg b.wt) and apple vinegar (2 mL/kg b.wt); group 4 received H2O2 10% (10 mL/kg b.wt) and apple vinegar supplemented with Rosa canina fruits extract (300 mg/kg b.wt); group 5 received H2O2 10% (10 mL/kg b.wt) and extract of Rosa canina fruits (300 mg/kg b.wt). The doses were given once daily via a gavage. The antioxidant capacity of apple vinegar and Rosa canina extract was analyzed, and AST, ALT, PAL, urea, and creatinine were determined on day 22 of the experiment. In addition, the kidney and the liver tissues were analyzed. The results showed that H2O2 caused a significant elevation of blood urea, blood creatinine, and transaminases. The histopathology examination revealed that H2O2 caused congestion, hemorrhage, and Bowman’s space enlarged. On the other hand, the results clearly showed that apple vinegar and Rosa canina fruits counterbalance the biochemical and histological changes induced by H2O2. In conclusion, the two natural products studied in this work are effective against the harmful effect of oxidative stress, which explains their use in traditional medicine.

VARIABILITY OF QUANTITATIVE CARPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DOG-ROSE (ROSA CANINA L.) IN THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION

This article presents data about variability of morphological features of Rosa canina L. fruits. The dog-rose (R. canina) is a useful medical and ornamental plant. It is ecologically flexible and grows in a wide diapason of ecological conditions, more specifically, in forest, forest steppe and steppe environmental areas. Morphological parameters of a dog-rose fruits are pretty changeable depending on environmental conditions, that is why there is a question of current interest in studying the variability of carpological parameters and the diapason of modifiability of a dog-rose. The objective of the research is the peculiar properties of reproductive sphere of R. canina. The subject of the research is variability of morphological features of R. canina fruits in the environment of 3 types of ecotopes in theNorthern Black Sea region. The work materials are herbarium and the results of measurements of fruits of 20 R. canina individuals on 20 test areas in urbanized ecotopes (the parks of Mykolaiv city), in ecotopes as a part of agricultural landscapes (in the vicinity of Shevchenkove village, Mykolaiv region), and in ecotopes with small anthropogenic transformation of flora (Pryingulskyi regional landscape park). The following carpological parameters of R. canina were investigated: 1) fruit’s length and width 2) nut’s length and width 3) mass of 1000 nuts 4) amount of nuts in a fruit 5) mass of 1000 fruits. The received data allowed to define criteria of variability and ecological flexibility of morphological features. As a result of our investigation, we found the following carpological feature of R. canina. In the environment of Northern Black Sea region R. canina shapes the fruits with the dimension of length from 0,8 to 3,0 cm (the mean is 1,5±0,01 cm) and with the dimension of width from 0,5 to 2,0 (the mean is 1,08±0,01 cm). The mass of fruits over a wide range varies from 0,2 to 3,2 g. The nuts’ dimension of length is from 0,3 to 0,5 cm (the mean is 0,4±0,01 cm) and the dimension of width is from 0,1 to 0,5 cm (the mean is 0,3±0,01 cm). The average amount of nuts in a fruit is 25 pieces. The mass of 1000 nuts is 18 g. The defined carpological feature of R. canina meets norms. The most constant carpological features of R. canina is the width of a fruit and the length of a nut with the 13-17% mean of variability. The length of a fruit, the amount of nuts in aggregate fruit and the width of a nut varies on the higher level (21-29%). The most variable feature is the mass of a fruit with a high level of variability (33%). The interesting results gives a comparison of variability of the aggregate fruit morphological features in different populations of a dog-rose in 3 investigated types of ecotopes. The highest parameters variability of the investigated features is observed in a dog-rose population in the Pryingulskyi regional landscape park. This can be explained by heterogeneous local terrain and the appropriate moisture conditions (ground water). Approximately high variability is observed in the Mykolaiv parks, which can be explained by more different conditions of city ecotopes and increased recreational activity. Approximately low variability of features was found in plants in the vicinity of Shevchenkove village, which can be explained by the homogeneity of conditions in plants growth. The high flexibility of morphological parameters is noted for the mass of a nut and the amount of nuts in a fruit (0,8-0,9), the average figures of a fruit length and width (0,6-0,7), the low for the length of a nut (0,2). This indicates the type of wide amplitude adjustment to growth conditions in the investigated ecotopes of different types.

Enhancement of Polyphenols Recovery from Rosa canina, Calendula officinalis and Castanea sativa Using Pulsed Electric Field

The current study evaluates the Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technique for the extraction of polyphenols from the plants Rosa canina, Calendulaofficinalis and Castanea sativa. These plants are traditionally used both for the preparation of therapeutic decoctions and the aromatization of beverages (alcoholic or not). Pulses of 10 μs duration were used to apply electric field intensities ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 kV cm−1. The period of the phenomenon was set to 1 ms, with a total extraction time of 20 min. The total polyphenol content as well as the identified polyphenolic compounds of the extracts were determined for monitoring and evaluation. To estimate the PEF effect, control extracts were prepared using the same process as PEF extracts but without the application of electric field. For all the three plant materials studied, the PEF technique appeared to be successful in increasing polyphenols extraction. The application of a moderate to high electric field, up to 1.4 kV cm−1, resulted in increased total and individual polyphenols recovery, reaching 63.79% and 84%, respectively, in the case of Rosa canina fruits.

Etude in vitro des propriétés anti-inflammatoires de l’extrait méthanolique des fruits de Rosa canina L. (Rosacées)

Introduction. Medicinal plants are considered an inexhaustible source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds. Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) known as Thebgha in Eastern Algeria, is widely used in traditional medicine, and nutrition. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic fruit extract from the medicinal plant R.canina. Material and methods. This study on R.canina focused on phytochemical screening. Determination of total phenolic compounds content by the fast blue BB test (FBBB), and evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory power by colorimetric methods relating to the denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and egg albumin were essayed. Results. The methanolic extract was prepared by the use of solvents with increasing polarity. The extract of R.canina fruits was rich in polyphenols. Concerning the anti-denaturation activity, the methanolic extract showed a high percentage of BSA inhibition of 89.34%, and egg albumin of 93.41% at the highest concentration. Thus, our results indicated that the extract had a significantly good anti-denaturation activity, compared to diclofenac. Conclusion. Our study show clearly that the methanolic extract of the R. canina fruits has a significant anti-denaturing property.

LC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS characterization of phenolic constituents in Rosa canina L. and its protective effect in cells.

In an aim to prove the efficiency of polyphenols of Rosa canina fruits in promoting human health. A methanolic extract of R. canina fruits was prepared by successive maceration with solvents of increasing polarity. The polyphenol composition was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. The biological activity of this extract on SH-SY5Y cells and HepG2 cells was then studied. The antioxidant activity was tested by various in vitro tests such as DPPH-radical-scavenging activity, FRAP assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant capacity. The subacute toxicity of R. canina was tested on female rats by repeated intraperitoneal administration of various doses. The phenolic profiles showed 25 antioxidants distributed into three classes of phenolic compounds: glycosylated and agglomerated flavonoids/isoflavonoids, tannins and phenanthrenes. Qualitative phytochemical analyses showed that this extract lacks alkaloids. The methanolic extract of R. canina fruits has a total antioxidant capacity of 82.69 ± 1.18 μg EAA/mg of methanol extract and the IC50 of the methods used is in the following increasing order: FRAP assay (61.88 μg/ml), then hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (67.45 μg/ml) and then DPPH radical-scavenging activity (129.81 μg/ml). The extract of R. canina did not cause any phenotypic signs of toxicity or mortality during and after treatment. The LD50 was >5,000 mg/kg, hence, R. canina was considered nontoxic. An in vivo study proved the protective effect of R. canina against cardiac and hepato-renal toxicities. These results drew the importance of a healthy diet, where diets rich in R. canina fruits can be used as a rich natural source of antioxidants and anticarcinogenic phenolic compounds.

Characterization of Rosa canina Fruits Collected in Urban Areas of Slovakia. Genome Size, iPBS Profiles and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities.

The studies of plant bacterial endophytes, colonizing the plant tissues without any signs of diseases, are essential for understanding of ecological interactions. The aim of our study is to detect microbiological contamination and to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, total phenolic, carotenoid content, genome size, and ploidy of non-cultivated Rosa canina sampled from urban areas. Samples of Rosa canina fruits were collected in three locations in Slovakia. The highest total viable count and the Enterobacteriaceae count in fruits were 4.32 log CFU/g and 4.29 log CFU/g, respectively. Counts of the mesophilic anaerobic sporulating bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and of the microscopic fungi and yeasts were 3.00, 2.15 log CFU/g, 3.65 log CFU/g, and 2.76 log CFU/g, respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, Escherichia coli and Klebsiela oxytoca were the most sensitive species among the assayed microorganisms to the treatment with the ethanolic extracts of Rosa canina fruits. The fruits were rich in bioactive compounds, polyphenols, and carotenoids, that could be related to their antioxidant activity. Genome sizes of analyzed samples ranged from 2.3 to 2.96. DNA-based fingerprinting obtained by iPBS markers of the Rosa canina var. lapidicola Heinr. Braun., was characterized by some distinctive inserted loci. An interdisciplinary study was performed for the dog roses from different parts of Slovakia that resulted in deeper characterization of this species.

Characterization and anti-diabetic effects of the oligosaccharide fraction isolated from Rosa canina in STZ-Induced diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. There has been a surge of research studies aiming to use natural products in the management of diabetes. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the structure and anti-diabetic mechanisms of the main ingredient from Rosa canina. The oligosaccharide was isolated from Rosa canina fruits and characterized by a combination of FTIR, NMR and Mass spectrometry. Wistar rats were divided into negative control, diabetic (type 2), isolated oligosaccharide (IO)-treated diabetic and positive diabetic controls. Oral glucose tolerance, gluconeogenesis and α-glucosidase inhibitory tests as well as immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time-PCR were performed to elucidate the molecular anti-diabetic mechanisms of IO. Structural analyses confirmed the oligosaccharide structure of isolated fraction. Gluconeogenesis and α-glucosidase activity were inhibited by IO in diabetic rats. The oral glucose tolerance test was improved significantly in the group treated with the IO (P < 0.05). Pancreatic β-cells and tissue pathological examination showed a significant improvement after the treatment period. In addition, the expression of Ngn3, Nkx6.1 and insulin increased in oligosaccharide-treated compared to untreated diabetic rats. Owing to the verified anti-diabetic effects and regenerative potential, isolated oligosaccharide could be considered as the promising drug in the management of diabetes.

Molecular mechanism of the anti-diabetic activity of an identified oligosaccharide from Rosa canina

Background and purpose:Because of the high prevalence, diabetes is considered a global health threat. Hence, the need for effective, cheap, and comfortable therapies are highly felt. In previous study, a novel oligosaccharide with strong anti-diabetic activity in the crude extract of Rosa canina fruits, from the rosacea family, was identified. The present study was designed to ensure its efficacy using in vivo and in vitro studies.Experimental approach:Crude extract and its purified oligosaccharide were prepared from corresponding herb. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each, as follows: group 1, healthy control rats given only sterile normal saline; group 2, diabetic control rats received sterile normal saline; group 3, diabetic rats treated with crude extract of Rosa canina (40% w/v) by oral gavage for 8 weeks; group 4, diabetic rats treated with purified oligosaccharide of Rosa canina (2 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 8 weeks. After treatment, body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin levels and islet beta-cell repair and proliferation were investigated. The possible cytoprotective action of oligosaccharide was evaluated in vitro. The effect of oligosaccharide on apoptosis and insulin secretion in cell culture media were examined. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression level of some glucose metabolism-related regulator genes.Findings / Results:In the animal model of diabetes, the insulin levels were increased significantly due to the regeneration of beta-cells in the islands of langerhans by the purified oligosaccharide. In vitro cell apoptosis examination showed that high concentration of oligosaccharide increased cell death, while at low concentration protected cells from streptozotocin-induced apoptosis. Molecular study showed that the expression of Ins1 and Pdx1 insulin production genes were increased, leading to increased expression of insulin-dependent genes such as Gck and Ptp1b. On the other hand, the expression of the Slc2a2 gene, which is related to the glucose transporter 2, was significantly reduced due to insulin concentrations.Conclusion and implications:The purified oligosaccharide from Rosa canina was a reliable anti-diabetic agent, which acted by increasing insulin production in beta-cells of the islands of Langerhans.

Composition and biological activity of the Algerian plant Rosa canina L. by HPLC-UV-MS

The present study was carried out in order to identify and characterize the compounds of Rosa canina fruits by HPLC-UV-MS. The total phenolic determiner by a new Fast Blue method (FBBB), which detects phenolic directly, reported an average total phenolic concentration of 1.7 folds greater than Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C), which indicates that an indirect detection method of total phenolic should be replaced in future studies by the FBBB method. TPC of the ethanolic extract was positively correlated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging effect. The DPPH activity of R. canina extract which is higher than the IC50 of the ascorbic acid and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), but lower than the IC50 of quercetin and trolox. The determination of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) proved the antioxidant effect of the extract on HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells. A concentration of 1.63 μg/ml on HepG2 cells had an oxidizing effect instead of the antioxidant effect, which is due to the existence of a tert-butyl group in sesquiterpene identified by HPLC-UV-MS method. These results indicate that the fruits of R. canina can be used as a natural source of antioxidants against oxidative stress and some types of cancer.

Antidiabetic Mechanisms of Rosa canina Fruits: An In Vitro Evaluation.

Rosa canina fruits have been used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The aim of current study was to evaluate the in vitro mechanism of action of R canina in managing diabetes mellitus. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay were performed on pancreatic β-cells, βTC6. The protective activity of the extract on streptozotocin-induced death in βTC6 cells was studied. The effect of R canina on the metabolism of glucose in HepG2, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, was evaluated. The effect of the extract on glucose diffusion across the dialysis membrane, which is a comfortable model for assessing cellular glucose absorption, was evaluated. The results obtained from current study confirmed that R canina extract can act as a growth factor for pancreatic β-cell line providing a novel mechanism for the observed antidiabetic effect of this natural agent. Further preclinical studies are necessary to evaluate the perfect mechanism of action of R canina in diabetes mellitus.

Wild edible plants as potential antioxidant or nutritional supplements for beverages minimally processed

Wild edible plants (WEP) with high antioxidant capacity, Rosa canina fruits, Quercus ballota acorns and Sanguisorba minor (young leaves and stems), were added to orange and kiwifruit juices for increase the nutritional properties. The addition of WEP to orange juice (OJ) and kiwifruit cremogenate (KC) does not affect, or it can even improve, some parameters of consumer's acceptance, although the mixtures increasing sweetness and intensifying the matrix colour without changing the tone are the best valued. The beverages minimally processed with higher TSS were the matrices fortified with Q. ballota, the same that were considered sweetest by the judges. The addition of WEP to OJ did not significantly change the levels of vitamin C (ascorbic acid plus dehydroascorbic acid). The addition of R. canina and S. minor increased the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in both matrices (OJ and KC) in more than 30%. Beverages with a high interest for consumers and with high antioxidant properties have been obtained.

Characterisation of phenolic compounds in wild fruits from Northeastern Portugal

This study aimed to analyse the phenolic composition of wild fruits of Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree), Prunus spinosa (blackthorn), Rosa canina and Rosa micrantha (wild roses). Analyses were performed by HPLC-DAD–ESI/MS. P spinosa fruits presented the highest concentration in phenolic acids (29.78mg/100g dry weight), being 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid the most abundant one, and flavone/ols (57.48mg/100g), among which quercetin3-O-rutinoside (15.63mg/100g) was the majority compound. (+)-Catechin was the most abundant compound in A. unedo (13.51mg/100g) and R. canina (3.59mg/100g) fruits. A. unedo fruits presented the highest concentration in flavan-3-ols (36.30mg/100g). Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found in all the studied fruits, being the major anthocyanin in most of them, with the exception of P. spinosa samples, in which cyaniding 3-O-rutinoside and peonidin 3-O-rutinoside predominated; P. spinosa fruit presented the more complex anthocyanin profile among the analysed fruits and also the highest anthocyanin concentrations, which was coherent with its greater pigmentation. All in all, P. spinosa presented the highest levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids, including anthocyanins, flavonols and flavones, although no flavan-3-ols could be identified in its fruits. The present study represents a contribution to the chemical characterisation of phenolic compounds from wild fruits with acknowledged antioxidant activity and traditionally used for several folk medicinal applications.

In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Rosa canina L. extract

Ethnopharmacological relevanceRosa canina L. is a medicinal plant largely used in traditional folk medicine. Several compounds from rose hip extracts were reported to display in vitro anti-inflammatory activities. Aim of the studyThe in vivo effects of Rosa canina extracts are still poorly investigated. In the present study the anti-inflammatory and the gastroprotective effects of a hydroalcoholic crude extract of Rosa canina fruits were tested in rat. Materials and methodsThe anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was tested on the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema assay. The gastroprotective effect was investigated on the ethanol-induced gastric damage model. The in vitro antioxidant activity of this extract was also quantified using the Briggs–Rauscher oscillating reaction, the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity method, and the Total Phenolic Content. ResultsData show that the Rosa canina extract inhibits the development of carrageenin-induced edema; the anti-inflammatory power is similar to that of indomethacin. The antiedema effect was more significant using a higher dose of the extract. The total score expressing gastric damage was lower in Rosa canina pre-treated stomachs with respect to unpre-treated ones, although the antiulcerogenic effectiveness was not statistically significant. The antiulcerogenic effectiveness was not statistically detectable, even if the total score expressing gastric damage was lower in Rosa canina stomachs from pre-treated rats with respect to unpre-treated ones. Chemical analysis revealed that the extract owns a good antioxidant activity that may also contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects observed in vivo. ConclusionsAltogether, the present data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory property of Rosa canina suggesting its potential role as adjuvant therapeutic tool for the management of inflammatory-related diseases.

Exotic fruits as a source of important phytochemicals: Improving the traditional use of Rosa canina fruits in Portugal

Several exotic fruits are used in folk medicine as potential sources of healthy compounds. Rosa canina L. (dog rose) fruits and other parts used to be widely consumed in rural areas from Portugal. The present work intends to highlight the presence of bioactive compounds in those different parts, in order to improve their use based on scientific studies. The antioxidant activity was screened through: radical scavenging effects, reducing power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates. Phytochemical characterization included determination of sugars by HPLC-RI, fatty acids by GC-FID, tocopherols by HPLC-fluorescence, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophylls and ascorbic acid, by spectrophotometric techniques. Galls revealed the highest antioxidant potential, ripen hips showed the highest tocopherols and β-carotene contents, as also the most adequate n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratios. Unripe hips gave the highest levels of ascorbic acid and petals revealed the highest concentration of sugars. Ethnobotanical studies conducted have mentioned different use-reports for seeds, petals, flowers and galls, as well as for fruits in different stages of maturity and, therefore, the comparison between chemical compounds and antioxidant properties of those different parts is a key-point of the present study. Furthermore, the levels of antioxidants found would make them suitable sources of compounds to be used commercially to retard rancidity in fatty materials in food manufacturing, to reduce the effects of ageing and to help to prevent oxidative-stress related diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

Antidiabetic effect and antioxidant potential of Rosa canina fruits

Antidiabetic effect and antioxidant potential of Rosa canina fruits

Variations in chemical compositions of Rosa damascena Mill. and Rosa canina L. fruits

In this study, fruits, fruit flesh and seeds of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) and rose hip (Rosa canina L.) were assayed for the composition of fatty acids, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and mineral elements. The content of linoleic acid in seed oil of Rosa damascena (54.18%) was found to be higher than in that of Rosa canina (48.84%). α-Tocopherol contents were found to be 7.10 μg/g and 34.20 μg/g for Rosa damascena and Rosa canina fruits, respectively. Ascorbic acid content was determined as the highest in the fruit flesh (546 mg/100 g in Rosa damascena and 2200 mg/100 g in Rosa canina), and as the lowest in the seeds of both species. Rosa damascena fruits were found to be richer in minerals such as Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na, P, and Zn than Rosa canina fruits. The results of the present study showed that Rosa damascena fruits could be used as food and food additive equally as rose hip fruits.

Antidiabetic Effect and Antioxidant Potential ofRosa caninaFruits

Rosa canina L. fruits (Rosaceae) are used to treat diabetes in Anatolia traditionally. In this study, the ethanol extract of R. canina fruits and its fractions were screened for their antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activities. The ethanol extract that was administered for 7 days possessed a remarkable hypoglycemic effect at 250 mg/kg dose in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Then it was fractionated through successive solvent extractions to yield CHCl 3 Fr., EtOAc Fr., n -BuOH Fr. and R-H 2 O Fr. respectively. These fractions were administrated to normal plus glucose hyperglycemic rats. Additionally the subacute antidiabetic activities of the fractions were studied in diabetic rats for 7 days. The experimental data indicated that R-H 2 O Fr. Possessed significant antidiabetic activity (50-62%) in diabetic rats. Also, a minor hypoglycemic effect was observed in normoglycemic plus glucose-hyperglycemic animals treated with R-H 2 O Fr. (15%). In vitro antioxidant experiments revealed that EtOAc Fr. Showed the highest radical scavenging activity on DPPH (79.5±0.4%), whereas CHCl 3 Fr. exhibited the maximum reducing power. The highest total phenolic content was observed in CHCl 3 Fr. (18.5±0.6% gallic acid equivalent g/g fraction) but no correlation was observed between the antidiabetic activity of fractions and their phenolic contents. Our findings support the traditional usage of R. canina fruits as a folk remedy in the treatment of diabetes in Turkey.

Supercritical Extraction of Carotenoids from Rosa canina L. Hips and their Formulation with β-Cyclodextrin

The purpose of this research was to preliminary assess the suitability of a new method for the preparation of a solid formulation in form of powder composed by beta-cyclodextrin and the supercritical extract of Rosa canina hips. The method implies the extraction of carotenoids, in particular beta-carotene, from freeze dried fruits of R. canina with supercritical CO2 at 70 degrees C and 300 bar, in the presence of varying quantity of ethanol as entrainer. The obtained supercritical solution is then expanded at ambient conditions into an aqueous solution of beta-cyclodextrin to favour the interaction between beta-cyclodextrin and the lipophilic components of the extract. beta-carotene solubility (mole fraction) in supercritical CO2 or in supercritical CO2/ethanol mixtures were in the order of 1 10(-7). The beta-carotene extracted from R. canina fruits (nearly 10 microg/g of dry matrix), interacts almost quantitatively with beta-cyclodextrin affording a solid phase, which presents a low apparent solubility in water. Finally the interaction with beta-cyclodextrin results in a higher concentration of the beta-carotene trans- form relative to the cis- form in the extracted product when collected in an aqueous solution of beta-cyclodextrin with respect to the extract in n-hexane.