Abstract
The studies of plant bacterial endophytes, colonizing the plant tissues without any signs of diseases, are essential for understanding of ecological interactions. The aim of our study is to detect microbiological contamination and to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, total phenolic, carotenoid content, genome size, and ploidy of non-cultivated Rosa canina sampled from urban areas. Samples of Rosa canina fruits were collected in three locations in Slovakia. The highest total viable count and the Enterobacteriaceae count in fruits were 4.32 log CFU/g and 4.29 log CFU/g, respectively. Counts of the mesophilic anaerobic sporulating bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and of the microscopic fungi and yeasts were 3.00, 2.15 log CFU/g, 3.65 log CFU/g, and 2.76 log CFU/g, respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, Escherichia coli and Klebsiela oxytoca were the most sensitive species among the assayed microorganisms to the treatment with the ethanolic extracts of Rosa canina fruits. The fruits were rich in bioactive compounds, polyphenols, and carotenoids, that could be related to their antioxidant activity. Genome sizes of analyzed samples ranged from 2.3 to 2.96. DNA-based fingerprinting obtained by iPBS markers of the Rosa canina var. lapidicola Heinr. Braun., was characterized by some distinctive inserted loci. An interdisciplinary study was performed for the dog roses from different parts of Slovakia that resulted in deeper characterization of this species.
Highlights
Endophytic bacteria colonize the plant tissue without apparent signs of diseases in the host plants.They are ubiquitous in plants and were isolated from roots, leaves, stems, flowers, fruits, and seeds [1].Endophytic bacteria may influence the plant metabolism, promoting the growth, facilitating the control of soil-borne pathogens, or responding to the host plant to environmental stresses [2,3,4]
Total viable counts of the endophytic microflora (TVC) of the tested fruits of Rosa canina were from 3.34 ± 0.01 log CFU/g to 4.32 ± 0.01 log CFU/g and the differences in contamination were significant among the locations sampled (p < 0.01) (Figure 1)
The mesophilic anaerobic sporulating bacteria (MASB) counts in fruits of R. canina ranged from 1.09 ± 0.08 log CFU/g to 3.00 ± 0.04 log CFU/g and the differences were significant (p < 0.01) (Figure 2)
Summary
Endophytic bacteria colonize the plant tissue without apparent signs of diseases in the host plants.They are ubiquitous in plants and were isolated from roots, leaves, stems, flowers, fruits, and seeds [1].Endophytic bacteria may influence the plant metabolism, promoting the growth, facilitating the control of soil-borne pathogens, or responding to the host plant to environmental stresses [2,3,4]. Endophytic bacteria colonize the plant tissue without apparent signs of diseases in the host plants. They are ubiquitous in plants and were isolated from roots, leaves, stems, flowers, fruits, and seeds [1]. Endophytic bacteria may influence the plant metabolism, promoting the growth, facilitating the control of soil-borne pathogens, or responding to the host plant to environmental stresses [2,3,4]. Earlier reports defined the endophytic bacteria as contamination stemming from an incomplete surface disinfestation or latent pathogens infection, whereas recent studies proved that endophytes enhance plant growth and reduce an impact of several plant pathogens by reducing their disease signs [6]
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