Canarium Indicum Research Articles

The consumption of walnuts has an impact on decreasing fasting blood glucose levels in individuals with concurrent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia: a randomized control trial

Nationally, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has increased by 0.5%. In 2013, it was approximately 1.5%, rising to 2.0% in 2018. On the other hand, it is known that administering walnut extract can reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of walnut consumption on blood sugar levels. The research was conducted experimentally, using a pre-post test control group design. The research sample consisted of mothers with fasting blood sugar levels ≥200 mg/dL and total cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dL (hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic). The total sample size was 50 mothers, divided into 2 groups. Samples were selected using simple random sampling. The intervention involved giving 50 grams of walnut (Canarium Indicum L.) daily for 8 weeks to the treatment group. The research was conducted in the working area of the Paccerakang Community Health Center in Makassar City, Indonesia. Statistical analysis was performed using paired T-tests. There was a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in the treatment group from 244.12 mg/dL to 195.52 mg/dL. In the control group, there was a slight decrease in blood sugar levels from 236.92 mg/dL to 229.96 mg/dL. Paired T-test analysis in the treatment group showed a value of p=0.00, indicating a significant difference in cholesterol levels before and after the intervention in the treatment group. In the control group, the value was p=0.07, indicating no significant difference in cholesterol levels in the control group. Administering 50 grams of walnuts per day for 8 weeks significantly lowered fasting blood sugar levels in hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic mothers.

Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Nugget Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.) dengan Penambahan Pasta Kenari (Canarium indicum L.)

Fish nuggets are one of the diversified fishery products. Groundfish meat is added with binding ingredients and seasonings, then steamed and molded. Tuna (Thunnus sp.) is a fish with high economic value and is relatively abundant in Indonesian seas. Walnuts (Canarium indicum L.) are one of the native Indonesian plants which are widely used as food. This study aimed to determine tuna nuggets' chemical and organoleptic characteristics by adding walnut paste. This study used a one-factor complete randomized design: walnut paste concentration with four treatment levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% with tri repeats. Observed variables include water, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate content, hedonic tests, and hedonic quality of color, taste, aroma, and texture. The results showed that giving walnut paste affected fish nuggets' chemical and organoleptic properties. The water content of fish nuggets decreases, while the ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate content increases with the addition of walnut paste concentration from the beginning of treatment, influencing the hedonic assessment and hedonic quality.

The Carbon Stocks Estimation on The Green Belt of Mataram City

Greenhouse Gases is a phenomenon where infrared radiation from sunlight is partly trapped in the atmosphere by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (N2O), and other gases, so that it can cause an increase in the temperature of the earth's surface. which results in climate change. This research aims to estimate carbon reserves in the Lingkar Selatan Green Belt of Mataram City. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. The data collected is vegetation data. Vegetation data is collected by measuring the diameter and height of all vegetation or using the census method. Carbon stocks are estimated using allometric equations. The carbon reserves in the vegetation on the Lingkar Selatan Green Belt are 112.63 tons with 1432 individuals, with a stake level of 0.67 tons, a pole level of 13.75 tons, and a tree level of 98.13 tons. The highest amount of carbon reserves was found in the Canary (Canarium indicum) type at 33.91 ton and the lowest was in the matoa (Pometia pinnata) at 0.0012 ton.

The role of walnuts (Canarium indicum L.) towards reducing blood cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic

Hyperlipidemia is a cardiovascular disease that causes about 18% of cerebrovascular disease and about 56% of heart disease worldwide. High cholesterol levels lead to accumulation of cholesterol. Walnuts have the potential to lower cholesterol levels. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of walnut consumption in hyperlipidemic patients on lowering cholesterol. This is an experimental research with pre-post test control group design. The research sample in the first year was mothers who had blood cholesterol levels of 200 mg/dl (hypercholesterolemia). A total of fifty (50) mothers consisting of 2 (two) groups, with 25 mothers as the treatment group and 25 mothers as the control group. Statistical analysis using test paired t-test was used to see the difference in the cholesterol levels before and after the intervention of each group. Cholesterol levels in the treatment group decreased from 242.60 mg/dl to 208.12 mg/dl and in the control group from 248.60 mg/dl to 243.16 mg/dl. The results of the paired T-Test analysis in the treatment group showed a value of p = 0.00 meaning that there was a significant difference in cholesterol levels before and after the intervention in the treatment group. In the control group the value of p = 0.75 means that there is no significant difference in cholesterol levels in the control group. Feeding 50 grams/day walnuts for 8 weeks give effect to significant reduction of cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic mothers.

Effect of Dietary Canarium indicum L. on the Growth, Health, and Resistance of Asian Seabass Challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus

Abstract Canarium indicum offers the potential of usage in aquaculture. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of C. indicum on growth performance, health, and resistance of Asian seabass Lates calcalifer challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus. The study employed a completely randomized design with seven treatments, namely positive control (K+), negative control (K-), vitamin control (KVit), antibiotic control (KAnt), doses of 5 g kg-1 (D05), 10 g kg-1 (D10), and 20 g kg-1 C. indicum (D20). The test feed was prepared with a coating method and fed for 30 days. On the 31st day of rearing, a challenge test was conducted by injecting V. alginolyticus intramuscularly at 106 CFU mL-1. The results showed that C. indicum treatment for 30 days had a significantly different effect (P<0.05) on weight gain and average daily growth, while KVit and KAnt treatments were not different from the control. After the challenge test, all doses of C. indicum treatment, as well as KVit and KAnt treatments, showed survival significantly different (P<0.05) from that of the positive control, which ranged from 88.89% to 95.56% and was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the negative control. The survival rate condition is identical to the cumulative survival condition which shows the highest mortality found in the positive control. The administration of C. indicum at a dose of 5 g kg-1 to 20 g kg-1 improved the growth performance and prevented V. alginolyticus infection. Highlight Research C. indicum significantly increases the growth of Asian seabass. C. indicum significantly enhances the immune response to V. alginolyticus infection in Asian seabass. C. indicum can prevent V. alginolyticus infection as it resulted in a higher and cumulative survival than the positive control. C. indicum can be developed as an immunostimulant for the prevention of vibriosis in Asian seabass at doses of 5 g kg-1 to 20 g kg-1.

Geographical variation in Canarium indicum (Burseraceae) nut characteristics across Vanuatu

AbstractTropical forests in the Pacific region contain many tree species that bear edible nuts (kernels). Canarium indicum (canarium) is an overstorey tree indigenous to Melanesia that produces commercially valuable kernels due to their pleasant taste and high oil content. This study characterises natural variation in fruit, nut-in-shell (NIS) and kernels of C. indicum across eight islands in Vanuatu. Significant tree-to-tree variation in fruit, NIS and kernel characteristics as well as kernel recovery (kernel:NIS) was found. This variation was largely due to tree-to-tree differences and little of this variation could be attributed to location. There were significant linear correlations among fruit, NIS and kernel traits, including kernel mass with fruit mass (R2 0.57) and kernel mass with NIS mass (R2 0.56). Therefore, trees suitable for cultivation may be screened based on fruit and nut characters before making final selections based on kernel mass. Trees sampled over two fruiting seasons showed that kernel mass and kernel number varied significantly between years for 63.6% and 25.9% of the trees respectively. However, by rank order, those trees that produced larger kernels in the first year of sampling, tended to also produce relatively larger kernels in the subsequent year. The implications of these results for the further domestication of the species for planting in commercial agroforestry systems is explored.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN POLA PENYEBARAN POHON DI HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG EGON DUSUN BLIDIT KECAMATAN WAIGETE KABUPATEN SIKKA

This study aims to determine the diversity of species and distribution patterns of trees in the protected forest of Mount Egon, Blidit Hamlet, Waigete District, Sikka Regency and is expected to be useful for the development of science and technology, especially in the field of forestry and plantations. This research was carried out for one month from February 13 to 13. March 2023. The research used was scientific research using survey and transect methods with an observation plot size of 10 x 10. The results obtained from the study found twelve tree species, namely, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Schleichera oleosa, Santalum Album, Dimocarpus longan, Ficus carica, terminalia catappa toona sinensis, averrhoa bilimbi, canarium indicum, shorea spp, dendrocalamus asper, ficus benjamina, with a diversity index of 2,340 with criteria 1<H'<3, the diversity of tree species in the protected forest of Mount Egon is classified as moderate and the distribution pattern with IM< 1 then the distribution pattern is uniform.

Production of Canarium (Canarium indicum L) Butter with Different Sugar Concentrations

Tree nuts and groundnuts nowadays are gaining popularity due to their health benefits. Nut kernels that can be eaten raw or roasted are becoming increasingly popular in healthy diet, including canarium nut. Therefore, it should be used into a variety of food compositions, including butter, to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle. The objective of the research was to determine the exact sugar concentration in the production of canarium nut butter. A completely randomized experimental design with four levels of sugar concentrations i.e. 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% was applied in this research. Chemical and sensory properties were analysed. Results showed that the sugar concentration of 40% was the exact concentration for producing canarium nut butter. The canarium nut butter at 40% sugar concentration had a moisture content of 17.70%, an ash content of 2.68%, a protein content of 6.19%, a fat content of 32.69%, and a reducing sugar content of 25.31%. Canarium nut butter at 40% sugar was also more liked on taste, texture, and its overall likeness; it was only slightly liked on aroma. This butter was rated as sweet, having a nutty aroma, smooth, and very easy to spread.

Antioxidant Assay and Total Flavonoid Determination of Ethanolic Extract of Walnut (Canarium indicum L.) Leaves and Its Fractions

Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit free radicals. Many plants have antioxidant activity because they contain antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phytochemical contents, total flavonoid content and to establish the relationship of total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of extract and fractions of walnut (Canarium indicum L.) leaves. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanolic-water fraction of walnut leaves was examined by using the DPPH method and determination of total flavonoid content was determined spectrophotometrically. The results showed that antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanolic-water fraction based were 25.294 ± 0.055; 175.245 ± 0.4999; 20.135 ± 0.009; and 28.806 ± 0.0424 μg/ml, respectively. The phytochemical content of ethanol extract of walnut leaves are saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols. The total flavonoid content of ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and ethanolic-water fraction were 2.624 ± 0.012; 0.499 ± 0.023; 3.846 ± 0.006; and 1.596 ± 0.006 gram quercetin equivalent/gram extract, respectively. Correlation between antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content revealed that 63.2 % of antioxidant activity was influenced by the presence of flavonoid compounds.

Commercialising an indigenous agroforestry tree: overview of commercial processing methods for Canarium indicum (galip) nuts in Papua New Guinea

ISHS International Symposium on Agroecology and System Approach for Sustainable and Resilient Horticultural Production Commercialising an indigenous agroforestry tree: overview of commercial processing methods for Canarium indicum (galip) nuts in Papua New Guinea

IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL SCARIFICATION TECHNIQUE THROUGH FUEL-FLUSH METHOD AND DEPTH OF SEED SOWING IN BREAKING SEED DORMANCY AND SEED GROWTH OF CANARI (Canarium indicum Leenh.)

Walnut (Canarium indicum Leenh.) is one of the typical plant species of East Nusa Tenggara which is included in the leading non-timber forest product (NTFP) commodity. The generative propagation of walnut plants has problems due to the long dormancy period of the seeds so that preliminary treatment is needed. Burn-flush technique and depth of seed is one of the physical dormancy breaking techniques. This technique is expected to accelerate the breaking of dormancy and seed germination. This research was conducted to determine the effect of burn-flush scarification on the breaking of dormancy of walnut seedlings (Canarium indicum Leenh.) The method used was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with a combination of treatment levels, depth of seed sowing and length of burning time, s0t0 ( sowing 0 cm + without burning), s0t1 (0 cm sowing + burning 5 minutes), s0t2 (0 cm sowing + burning 10 minutes), s1t0 (2 cm sowing + without burning), s1t1 (2 cm sowing + burning 5 minutes), s1t2 (2 cm sowing + burning 10 minutes), s2t0 (4 cm sowing + no burning), s2t1 (4 cm sowing + burning 5 minutes), and s2t2 (4 cm sowing + burning 10 minutes). The results of this research indicate that there is no interaction between the depth of seed sowing and the length of the burning time. The level of depth of seed sowing gave insignificant results on all observation variables, while the length of time of burning had a very significant effect on all observed variables. Single factor t1 (burning time of 5 minutes) is the best treatment because shows a high influence on several observation variables.

Experimental investigation on the estimation of the viscous thermodynamic activation energy parameters of vegetable oils extracted from Cocos nucifera, Calophyllum inophyllum and Canarium indicum

Knowledge about of the viscous thermodynamic properties of vegetable oils is important for better understanding for the development of biodiesels. In this work, temperature dependent dynamic viscosities and densities of vegetable oils extracted from Cocos nucifera, [Copra oil (CPO) and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)], Calophyllum inophyllum (CaliO) and Canarium indicum (CiO) were determined experimentally. CaliO and CiO exhibited high viscosity compared to CPO/VCO due to the presence of long unsaturated fatty acid chains. Polar lipids dominated CaliO resulting in high density while non-polar lipids resulted in low density of CiO. The Eyring model was used to estimate the viscous thermodynamic activation energy parameters; ΔEa (kJ mol−1) ΔH‡ (kJ.kg−1), ΔS‡ (J.kg−1.K−1) and ΔG‡ (kJ). For CPO/VCO: ΔEa = 24.4, ΔH‡ = 23.8, ΔS‡ = 927. For CaliO: ΔEa = 26.0, ΔH‡ = 25.9, ΔS‡ = 924 and for CiO: ΔEa = 27.5, ΔH‡ = 26.7, ΔS‡ = 921. The positive and high ΔH‡ value in CiO corresponded to high ordering in the oil while the high value of ΔS‡ in CPO/VCO signified high disorientation during flow. The viscosity and the activation energy parameters correlated well with the nature and the proportion of the different types of fatty acids present in the oils.

Effects of Initial Water Temperature and Soaking Duration on the Germination of Canarium (Canarium indicum) Seeds

Canarium (Canarium indicum) seeds have mechanical dormancy, i.e., seeds have a hard outer seed coat, which causes inhibition of germination. Mechanical dormancy can be broken by mechanical and chemical scarification. One way of chemical scarification is water soaking. This study aimed to analyze the initial effect of temperature of the soaking water and duration of soaking on the germination of canarium seeds. The research design used was a two-factor experiment in a completely randomized design. The first factor is the different initial water temperature and the second factor is soaking duration. The initial water temperature consists of 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, and 100°C, while the soaking duration consists of 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The results showed that the initial water temperature had a very significant effect on germination percentage, peak value, mean daily germination, and germination value. The soaking duration did not significantly affect germination percentage, mean daily germination, and germination value, but it significantly affected the peak value. The interaction of initial water temperature and soaking duration significantly affected the germination percentage, mean daily germination, peak value, and germination value. The initial water temperature and soaking duration affected the germination of canarium seeds. Keywords: Canarium indicum, dormancy, germination, initial temperature, soaking duration

Land Cover Analysis and Habitat Identification of Tanimbar Corella (Cacatua Goffiniana) on Tanimbar Islands, Maluku

The Tanimbar Corella (Cacatua goffiniana) is a protected bird species endemic to the Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena and its satellite islands) in the Maluku province of Indonesia. The major threats identified to this species are hunting, illegal trade, and habitat loss. Therefore, this study aims to classify the land cover, distribution, and habitat types occupied by C. goffiniana on the Tanimbar Islands. Classification of land cover was analyzed using a supervised classification method of the Erdas Imagine 2014 software. Direct field observations were conducted to identify the distribution of Tanimbar Corella and its habitat use. The land cover was classified into six classes: forest (54.26 %), open area (20.76%), plantation (14.81%), mangrove (6.89%), settlement (1.85%), and wetland (1.43%). C. goffiniana is distributed on five islands, Yamdena, Selaru, Larat, Sera, and Molu. Furthermore, this species was observed in forest, plantation, and open land habitats. The results identified seventeen nest trees of six species: Canarium Indicum, Pometia pinnata, Instia bijuga, Sterculita foetida, Maranther corymbosa, and Alstonia scholaris, with a range diameter of 40.00-136.71 cm and nest cavity heights of 9.00-34.22 m (n = 17). This research brings new data in three areas: 1) a reassessment of the distribution of C. goffiniana on the Tanimbar Islands; 2) a detailed classification of the land cover concerning habitat types of the Tanimbar Islands; 3) an identification of the tree species utilized by nesting Tanimbar Corellas. Information on preferred habitats and nesting trees is crucial for selecting release sites of confiscated birds to ensure post-release survival.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK FERMENTAT ISOLAT FUNGI ENDOFIT BIJI BUAH KENARI (Canarium indicum L.) SECARA KLT-AUTOGRAFI

Walnut seeds (Canarium indicum L.) contain tannin, flavonoids, carotenoids which is potentially fungtioning as antioxidants. The research aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of fermentate extract of walnut seeds endophytic fungi by autography-TLC. The result of the endophytic fungi isolation in Walnut seeds (Canarium indicum L.) obtained 5 isolates with characteristics. The test result of screening free antiradical activity obtained that isolate 4th was active as an antioxidant indicated by the presence of brown spots with the addition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 0.004%. Isolate 4th was fermented using Maltosa Yeast Broth (MYB) medium to obtain fermentate supernatant and mycelia. The Fermentate of supernantant of isolate 4th was extracted to obtained supernantant of ethyl acetate extract. Based on the result of free antiradical activity test of ethyl acetate fermentate extract isolate 4th by autography-TLC using ethyl acetate: methanol: water eluent (6:2:1), obtained Rf 0.78 value active as free antiradical by spraying 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil 0.004%.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK FERMENTAT ISOLAT FUNGI ENDOFIT BIJI BUAH KENARI (Canarium indicum L.) SECARA KLT-AUTOGRAFI

Walnut seeds (Canarium indicum L.) contain tannin, flavonoids, carotenoids which is potentially fungtioning as antioxidants. The research aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of fermentate extract of walnut seeds endophytic fungi by autography-TLC. The result of the endophytic fungi isolation in Walnut seeds (Canarium indicum L.) obtained 5 isolates with characteristics. The test result of screening free antiradical activity obtained that isolate 4th was active as an antioxidant indicated by the presence of brown spots with the addition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 0.004%. Isolate 4th was fermented using Maltosa Yeast Broth (MYB) medium to obtain fermentate supernatant and mycelia. The Fermentate of supernantant of isolate 4th was extracted to obtained supernantant of ethyl acetate extract. Based on the result of free antiradical activity test of ethyl acetate fermentate extract isolate 4th by autography-TLC using ethyl acetate: methanol: water eluent (6:2:1), obtained Rf 0.78 value active as free antiradical by spraying 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil 0.004%.

Idiotypes and consumer preferences of kenari seeds (Canarium indicum) in Ternate Island based on agronomy character

North Maluku is one of the Kenari (Canarium indicum) hotspots in Indonesia. On the Makean island this plant is abundantly spread as a forest plant. Kenari productivity on the Makean island is in the high category. The main crop of this plant is kenari seeds which are used by the community as a mixture of cakes and air guraka, halua and walnuts. There are several agronomic variations of kenari seeds that are sold on the Ternate city market. This study aims to analyze the idiotype and the level of consumer preferences for kenari seeds on the Ternate island. Descriptive survey research was conducted to collect data. This research was conducted in Maret until June 2020. The instruments used were questionnaire and interview guides. Respondents from 80 people consisting traders, garden owners, and consumers (housewives, students, public servants and entrepreneurs). People on the Ternate island have a tendency to choose fruit characters: whole fruit (fresh); Size: medium to large (at least 25 g); Shape: short-oval to round. Characteristics of kenari seeds (dried bottom): Size: medium to large (at least 10 g); Short-oval to round shape; % beans filled: at least 90%. Skin character (dry base): Thickness: moderate to thin thickness (no more than 4.00 mm). Content/kernel character (dry base): Size (including testa): medium to large (at least 2.5 g); White color. Idiotypes and preferences of seed consumers can be used as preliminary data for SNI standard superior kenari seed breeding programs.

Modification Level of Polyethylene Glycol on <i>In Vitro</i> Gas Production of Feedstuffs

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and gas production based on fermentation in the rumen of nine types of forage tropical feed commonly used, named mahogany (Swieteniamahagoni L. Jacq.), tayuman (Bauhinia purpurea), bamboo (Bambusa arundinaceae), canary (Canarium) indicum L.), tea (Camellia sinensis), ketapang (Terminalia catapa L.), lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), tehtehan (Duranta repens), and turi (Sesbania grandiflora). Measurement of gas production in vitro was carried out at 7 observation points of hours (2, 4, 8, 16, 36, 48, 72). Tannin activity was measured using measurements of gas production divided into three groups with modified levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG), i.e., samples without PEG (P1); sample + PEG in the amount of 200 mgDM (P2); and PEG + samples of tannins contained in each forage based on literature studies (P3). The total content of tannin varied between 0.20 - 13.80%. The most optimal measurement of gas production was in the sample given PEG of 200mg/kg with a significant difference (P<0.05). From the result, it was found that the higher the tannin content, the lower of gas produced. The addition of PEG was proven to be able to optimize the digestibility value seen from the higher gas production.

The Characteristics of Volatile Compounds of Kenari (Canarium indicum L.) Shell Liquid Smoke

Kenari (Canarium indicum L.) shell is a potential raw material for liquid smoke. The quality of liquid smoke depends on the volatile compounds of it. This study was aimed to qualify the volatile properties of Kenari (Canarium indicum L.) shell liquid smoke. The characteristic of volatile compounds of Kenari shell liquid smoke was determined in qualitative study of it’s volatile components. Kenari shell liquid smoke was produced using pyrolysis method. The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperature 420°C for 100 mins. Volatile compounds of Kenari shell liquid smoke was analized using GC-MS. The GC-MS detected 58 peaks of Kenari shell liquid smoke sample. It was consisted of 32.8% phenolic sompounds, 48.3% carbonyl compounds, 10.3% acidic compounds, and 8.6% unknown compounds. Major volatile compounds of it were consisted of acetic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (syringol), 2-furanecarboxaldehyde (furfural), phenol, and 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol).

Feed Evaluation Based on in Vitro Gas Production of Tropical Forages with Addition of Different Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Level

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and gas production based on fermentation in the rumen of nine types of forage tropical feed commonly used in Indonesia. The forages used in this study were: mahogany leaves (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.), tayuman leaves (Bauhinia purpurea), bamboo leaves (Bambusa arundinaceae), canary leaves (Canarium indicum L.), tea leaves (Camellia sinensis), ketapang leaves (Terminalia catapa L.), lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala), tehtehan leaves (Duranta repens), and turi leaves (Sesbania grandiflora). Measurements of in vitro gas production were carried out at 10 observation points (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 hour). Tannin activity was measured for each sample at observation points using measurements of gas production divided into three groups with modified levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG), ie samples without PEG (P1); sample + PEG in the amount of 200 mgDM (P2); and PEG + samples of tannins contained in each forage based on literature studies (P3). Data were analyzed for a variance by following the factorial completely randomized design (CRD) pattern. Statistical analyzes were performed on all data by following the general linear procedure in PROC GLM from SAS. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% significance level. The results of gas production calculations showed that crude protein (CP) from each forage ranges from 5.75 - 22.37% where the highest CP was owned by turi leaves (S. grandiflora). The content of crude fiber (CF) ranged from 5.30 - 20.93%. The most optimal measurement of gas production was in the sample given PEG in the amount of 200mg/kg with a significant difference (P<0.05). The higher of the tannin content contained in the forage, the lower of gas produced. Measurement of tannin content showed that condensed tannin content varied from turi leaves by 0.20% to the highest in mahogany leaves by 8.60%. The addition of 200 mg/100mgDM of PEG optimizes the rate of forage gas production, especially for grass plants (gramineae).