Canal Area Research Articles

Drought Analysis in Right Bank Main Canal Command Area of Dharoi Reservoir using Meteorological and Remote Sensing Indices

Drought is characterized by a prolonged and abnormal lack of moisture, often stemming from insufficient or uneven distribution of precipitation, resulting in water shortages in streams or reservoirs, with detrimental impacts on both natural and socioeconomic systems. The paper focuses on the climatic drought patterns within the Right Bank Main Canal Command Area of Gujarat’s Dharoi Reservoir. To evaluate drought conditions, the study employs several indices including the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Daily rainfall data, obtained from IMD gridded data and extracted using ArcGIS software, is utilized to calculate SPI values at a three-month time scale. NDVI is determined using Landsat-8 OLI data spanning from 2013 to 2022 to analyze changes in agricultural vegetation. Comparisons among NDVI and SPI reveal that the year 2018 experienced significant rainfall deficits across the region, leading to severe water scarcity. This shortage impacted agricultural practices, evident in reduced crop cultivation areas as indicated by NDVI results and validated using the crop yield data for the time series. Specifically, the NDVI analysis highlights that 33.5% of the RBMC command area exhibited signs of dryness, with an additional 64.5% showing moderate dryness. The study endeavors to pinpoint drought-affected regions utilizing precipitation data, reservoir storage information, and remote sensing methodologies.

Comparison of Trabecular Meshwork Height and Schlemm's Canal Area between Angle-Closure Glaucoma and Open-Angle Glaucoma

Comparison of Trabecular Meshwork Height and Schlemm's Canal Area between Angle-Closure Glaucoma and Open-Angle Glaucoma

CBCT assessment of mandibular molar furcation following root canal retreatment using engine-driven instruments.

This study employed e-Vol DXS cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) software to assess dentin remnants in the furcation area of mesial canals in mandibular molars during root canal retreatment (RCR). Four groups (Reciproc®, ProTaper Next®, Race Evo®, Protaper Gold®) were subjected to RCR, and CBCT images were captured before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. Measurements of remaining dentin thickness at 1 mm and 3 mm below the furcation were scrutinized. Results revealed no significant differences in mean thicknesses of mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals at 1 mm and 3 mm from the furcation pre-treatment (T1). Post-treatment (T2) showed analogous findings, with no significant differences in mean thicknesses. However, disparities were found between MB and ML canals at both distances, both before and after retreatment. In essence, the evaluated instruments exhibited safety in RCR, implying that they are appropriate for use in critical areas of mandibular molars without inducing excessive wear. This study underscores the reliability of these instruments in navigating danger zones during RCR, and contributes valuable insights for dental practitioners who handle complex root canal scenarios in mandibular molars.

Cравнение данных предоперационных и интраоперационных измерений протяженности участка оссификации спирального канала улитки

Cochlear implantation is a high-tech method of rehabilitation of patients with progressive hearing loss, up to deafness. Ossification of the cochlear spiral canal is no longer considered a surgical contraindication for cochlear implantation (CI). However, performing the surgical stage of CI in patients with ossification of the cochlea spiral canal may be accompanied by a number of difficulties. The advanced process of ossification and remodeling can lead to significant difficulty in inserting the electrode into the cochlea, leading to the risk of incomplete insertion. Today, the introduction of an electrode represents the greatest problem during ossification or remodeling of the cochlea since it carries the risk of complications and determines the prospects for subsequent rehabilitation. In addition to incomplete insertion of the electrode, special attention is paid to possible post-implantation stimulation of the facial nerve. Despite the achievement of significant results in the development of surgical techniques for the cochlea ossification management, there are still frequent discrepancies in the assessment of the length of the ossification of the descending segment of the basal coil according to the temporal bones computed tomography (CT) performed at the preoperative stage and the results of intraoperative assessment of the length of the ossification area of the cochlea spiral canal.

Unilateral decompressive laminectomy plus fusion using unilateral biportal endoscopic technique for single-level lumbar spinal stenosis

PurposeThis study aimed to compare and analyze the effectiveness of unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) decompressive laminectomy plus fusion and microscope-assisted open decompressive laminectomy plus fusion. MethodsA total of 143 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were enrolled in this study between March 2020 and February 2021 with a minimum 2 years follow-up visit to our hospital. Sixty-five patients underwent the unilateral biportal endoscopic technique and were assigned to the UBE group, and the remaining 78 patients with microscope assistant were assigned to the Microscope group. The baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and radiological data were retrospectively collected and analyzed, as well as Clinical outcomes, radiological data and complications. ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). The UBE group was demonstrated to be significantly superior in CRP, drainage, blood loss, treatment cost and Hospital stay than the Microscope group (P < 0.05), whereas a significant longer operation time was observed (P < 0.05). The VAS-B, ODI, and JOA-L scores of the UBE group at 1 year follow-up were significantly greater than those of the Microscope group (P < 0.05). Regarding radiological data, there were no significant differences in the section area of the spinal canal and fusion grade between the two groups (P > 0.05). ConclusionIn view of the satisfactory clinical outcomes of patients and notable decompression at the stenosed segment, UBE is a feasible, minimally invasive technique for single level lumbar canal stenosis.

Клинические и нейровизуальные варианты центральноканальных полостей спинного мозга

The article presents the results of a study involving 40 patients exhibiting cavitation in the area of the central canal. Clinical and MRI aspects of hydromyelia are examined. The authors provide their own data on the neurological and neurovisual dynamics of this condition. The article discusses the contentious and ambiguous nature of diagnostic criteria for one variant of spinal cord cavitation — hydromyelia, which complicates prognostic assessment.

A novel reconstruction model for thoracic spinal cord injury in swine.

Spinal cord (SC) reconstruction (process to reestablish the severed neural continuity at the injury site) may provide better recovery from blunt SC injury (SCI). A miniature swine model of blunt SC compression was used to test the hypothesis that reconstruction of the SC with sural nerve in combination with surgical decompression and stabilization improves functional, macro- and microstructural recovery compared to decompression and stabilization alone. Following blunt T9-T11 SC compression injury, five adult Yucatan gilts randomly received laminectomy and polyethylene glycol (as fusogen) with (n = 3) or without (n = 2) sural nerve graft SC reconstruction. Fusogens are a heterogeneous collection of chemicals that fuse the axon membrane and are currently used to augment epineural coaptation during peripheral nerve graft reconstruction. Outcome measures of recovery included weekly sensory and motor assessments, various measurements obtained from computed tomography (CT) myelograms up to 12 weeks after injury Measurements from postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and results from spinal cord histology performed 12 weeks after injury were also reported. Vertebral canal (VC), SC and dural sac (DS) dimensions and areas were quantified on 2-D CT images adjacent to the injury. Effort to stand and response to physical manipulation improved 7 and 9 weeks and 9 and 10 weeks, respectively, after injury in the reconstruction group. Myelogram measures indicated greater T13-T14 VC, smaller SC, and smaller DS dimensions in the reconstruction cohort, and increased DS area increased DS/VC area ratio, and higher contrast migration over time. Spinal cord continuity was evident in 2 gilts in the reconstruction cohort with CT and MRI imaging. At the SCI, microstructural alterations included axonal loss and glial scarring. Better functional outcomes were observed in subjects treated with sural nerve SC reconstruction. Study results support the use of this adult swine model of blunt SCI. Long-term studies with different nerve grafts or fusogens are required to expand upon these findings.

Vertical Transmission of Group B Streptococcus, Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile among Newborns Delivered at Health Facilities in Jigjiga City, Ethiopia.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonizes the rectovaginal area of women and vertically transmitted to neonates. This bacterium has been linked to severe neonatal complications including pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. GBS shows an increased resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Thus, we assessed the vertical transmission, contributing factors, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of GBS among newborns delivered at selected Hospitals in Jigjiga City. Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st June 2022 to 30th April 2023. A total of 849 pregnant women admitted to delivery wards from two hospitals were screened for GBS colonization. Subsequently, 162 GBS-colonized pregnant women and their newborn babies were included. A semistructured questionnaire and a review of medical records were used to collect the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants. Trained nurses collected swab samples from the vaginal-rectal area of pregnant women and the nasal, ear canal, and umbilical areas of newborn babies. Samples were inoculated on Todd Hewitt broth media supplemented with gentamycin and nalidixic acid and then subcultured on blood agar. Colony characteristics, Gram stain, and catalase test were used for identification. All gram-positive cocci, B-hemolytic, and catalase-negative isolates were further identified using Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen and a bacitracin test. The modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with vertical transmission of GBS, and statistical significance was set at p values <0.05. The overall vertical transmission rate was 41.4% (67/162). History of preterm labor (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.59), history of urinary tract infection (UTI) at current pregnancy (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.59), and prolonged rupture of membranes greater than 18 hours (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.4) were significantly associated with vertical transmission of GBS from previously colonized mothers to their newborn babies. Regarding GBS antibiotic susceptibility profile, a significant degree of resistance was observed to penicillin (29.9%), tetracycline (22.4%), ampicillin (20.9%), and clindamycin (19.4%). Our study documented a high prevalence of vertical transmission rate of GBS from pregnant women to their babies, with an overall transmission rate of 41.4%. The study identified the presence of antimicrobial-resistant GBS to penicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The organism was susceptible to vancomycin, followed by azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and erythromycin. Our study also reported MDR at 13.4%. Based on our findings, there is a need for antenatal culture-based GBS screening, maternal vaccination, and large-scale epidemiological and serotype identification studies to be put into practice in the study area.

The anterior scleral thickness in primary open-angle glaucoma with high myopia.

This study aimed to investigate and compare the anterior scleral thickness (AST) among high myopia (HM), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and POAG with HM (HMPOAG) groups. Thirty-two HM eyes, 30 POAG eyes, and 31 HMPOAG eyes were included. The Schlemm's canal (SC) area, trabecular meshwork (TM) thickness, scleral spur (SS) length, and AST were measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography. AST was measured at 0 mm (AST0), 1 mm (AST1), 2 mm (AST2), and 3 mm (AST3) from SS. The HMPOAG group had significantly thinner AST, SS length, and TM thickness than the HM and POAG groups (all p < 0.05). In addition, the SC area of the HMPOAG group was also significantly smaller than that of the HM group (p < 0.001). The HMPOAG group had the thinnest AST, shortest SS, thinnest TM, and smallest SC. The thinnest AST might contribute to the shortest SS, and further to the thinnest TM and smallest SC in the HMPOAG group. AST might be a novel clinical indicator in the prediction and evaluation of POAG.

Analysis of the Profile of Canal User Communities in the Bangah River Canal Blocking Project Area in Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan Province

The Bangah River is in Sebangau National Park's Bangah Resort, which covers an area of 48,790 ha and is about 35 km southwest of Garung town or about 2 hours by ces boat. Most of the Bangah River area is populated by people of the Dayak and Banjar ethnic groups who do not live there. This study used the probability sampling method to take samples from communities that use canals. This is a sampling method that takes a chance into account. In this study, the probability sampling method is simple random sampling, which means that each unit in the community has an equal chance of being chosen. This research is meant to determine how the community that uses the canal is made up in terms of age, education level, income level, public knowledge about the benefits of canal blocking, and how the community sees the effects of canal blocking. It is also meant to determine how the community thinks canal blocking should be done (for example, by changing the canal's shape or where canal blocking should be placed) and what the community wants.

Short-term Effects of Crude Oil-polluted Soil on the Histomorphometry of the Femoral Cortex

Abstract Introduction: Skeletal remains are crucial in most forensic case investigations. There is therefore need to study the process of bone degradation and distortion caused by environmental factors. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of burial in a crude oil-polluted soil on long bone histomorphometry. Materials and Methods: Fragments of 1-cm diameter sections of the mid-shaft of the femur were obtained from a cadaver and divided into three groups. Group A fragments were not buried (control), Group B fragments were buried in normal clay soil, and Group C fragments were buried in crude oil-polluted soil. The bone fragments were buried for a period of 5 weeks in a crude oil-polluted soil and normal soil of pH 5.30 and 5.75, respectively. Histological sections of the bones were prepared using the modified Frost’s method of bone preparation. Photomicrographs were taken using a Leica ICC50E photomicroscope at four different regions of the slides. An ImageJ software was utilized to analyze the micrographic details. Results: Quantitative analysis showed a reduction in the Haversian canal area (HCA) and Haversian canal diameter (HCD) in the samples of bone fragments buried in the crude oil-polluted soil compared to the control. The crude oil-polluted soil showed a mean HCA and HCD of 83.52 μm and 8.91 μm as against 153.23 μm and 16.01 μm for the control. There was no statistically significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in HCA and HCD between the control bones and those buried in normal and crude oil-polluted soil. The variation in number of osteons was observed to be nonstatistically significant for both bone samples exposed to crude oil and those not exposed. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that crude oil-polluted soil have little or no effects on bone histomorphometry for a short period of time. This should help guide forensic investigations.

Contralateral approach using microscope and tubular retractor system for ipsilateral decompression of lumbar degenerative lateral recess stenosis associated with narrow spinal canal.

To summarize the clinical effect of a single-center retrospective analysis of the contralateral approach with a microscope and tubular retractor system for ipsilateral decompression in patients with lumbar lateral recess stenosis and a narrow spinal canal. A total of 25 patients who underwent ipsilateral decompression surgery via a contralateral approach with microscope and tubular retractor system, performed by one surgeon at a single center were retrospectively examined. The width of the lamina fenestration was compared with the preoperative distance from the root of the spinous process to the dorsal articular facet, the bilateral articular facet change in the suprapedicle notch section on CT scan, and with the changes in transverse and sagittal diameters of the canal area on MRI. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. In total, 25 patients were treated and the mean intraoperative time was 82.04 ± 12.48 min. There was no nerve injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and infection complications. The postoperative CT revealed that the width of the contralateral laminar fenestration was less than the distance from the root of the spinous process to the dorsal articular facet. The residual widths of the ipsilateral articular facet and contralateral articular facet were greater than 2/3 of the preoperative articular facet width. The transverse and sagittal diameter of canal were significantly increased. The mean follow-up period was 12-16 months, and no recurrence or reoperation incidence were found at the last follow-up. When compared to pre-surgery, the ODI, VAS, and JOA scores were significantly improved after surgery (p < 0.05). Based on our single-center retrospective observation of 25 cases and combined with previous literature, the contralateral approach with a microscope and tubular retractor system for ipsilateral decompression in patients with lumbar lateral recess stenosis and a narrow spinal canal can reduce damage to the articular processes, and probably more conducive to the postoperative stability of the lumbar spine. This was a single center retrospective analysis with a small sample size and lacked randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, larger-scale, multicenter RTCs are required for additional validation.

Performance of obturation techniques in anatomical irregularities located at different thirds of the root canal system.

This study aimed to compare the quality of root canal obturation (ratio of area occupied by gutta-percha (G), sealer (S), and presence of voids (V)) in different anatomical irregularities (intercanal communications, lateral irregularities, and accessory canals) located at different thirds of the root canal system of mandibular molar replicas. Sixty-seven 3D printed replicas of an accessed mandibular molar were prepared using ProGlider and ProTaper Gold rotatory systems. Three specimens were randomly selected to be used as controls and did not receive further treatment. The rest were randomly distributed in 4 experimental groups to be obturated using either cold lateral compaction (LC), continuous wave of condensation (CW), and core-carrier obturation (ThermafilPlus (TH) or GuttaCore (GC)) (n=16 per group). AHPlus® sealer was used in all groups. The three controls and a specimen from each experimental group were scanned using micro-computed tomography. The rest of the replicas were sectioned at the sites of anatomical irregularities and examined at 30× magnification. The G, S, and V ratios were calculated dividing the area occupied with each element by the total root canal area and then compared among groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Voids were present in all obturation techniques with ratios from 0.01 to 0.15. CW obtained a significantly higher G ratio in the irregularity located in the coronal third (0.882) than LC (0.681), TH (0.773), and GC (0.801) (p<0.05). TH and GC achieved significantly higher G ratios in those located in the apical third (p<0.05). The worst quality of obturation was observed in the loop accessory canal with all obturation techniques. Whitin the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that CW and core-carrier obturation are respectively the most effective techniques for obturating anatomical irregularities located in the coronal and the apical third.

Stand-Alone Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Lumbar Fixation to Indirectly Decompress the Neural Elements in Spinal Stenosis: A Radiographic Assessment Case Series.

The ideal surgical treatment of lumbar canal stenosis remains controversial. Although decompressive open surgery has been widely used with good clinical outcome, minimally invasive indirect decompression techniques have been developed to avoid the complications associated with open approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiologic outcome and safety of the indirect decompression achieved with stand-alone percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the surgical treatment of lumbar degenerative pathologies. Twenty-eight patients presenting with spinal degenerative diseases including concomitant central and/or lateral stenosis were treated with stand-alone percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. Radiographic measurements were made on axial and sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images, performed before surgery and after a mean follow-up period of 25.2 months. Measurements included spinal canal and foraminal areas, and anteroposterior canal diameter. Percutaneous screw fixation was performed in 35 spinal levels. Measurements on the follow-up MR images showed statistically significant increase in the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal and the neural foramen, from a mean of 88.22 and 61.05 mm2 preoperatively to 141.52 and 92.18 mm2 at final follow-up, respectively. The sagittal central canal diameter increased from a mean of 4.9 to 9.1 mm at final follow-up. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) both improved significantly after surgery (p < 0.0001). Stand-alone percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is a safe and effective technique for indirect decompression of the spinal canal and neural foramina in lumbar degenerative diseases. This minimally invasive technique may provide the necessary decompression in cases of common degenerative lumbar disorders with ligamentous stenosis.

Is there a risk of further displacement of the fractured fragment into the spinal canal in osteoporotic vertebral burst fractures after unilateral PKP? A prospective study

BACKGROUND CONTEXTThe optimal treatment for osteoporotic vertebral burst fracture (OVBF) without neurological symptoms is still a matter of debate. PURPOSETo evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for OVBF. STUDY DESIGNThe study is a prospective study and is registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry with the registration number ChiCTR-OOC-17013227. PATIENT SAMPLEThe study involved 119 patients with 137 fractured vertebrae who underwent unilateral PKP for OVBF. OUTCOME MEASURESThe measurements were carried out independently by two physicians and measured with picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). METHODSThe change in the spinal canal area and posterior wall protrusions (PWP) were measured before and after surgery via three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging (CT). Preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up standing X-rays were used to measure the height of the anterior wall (HAW), height of the posterior wall (HPW), and local kyphotic angle (LKA). Additionally, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were also determined. RESULTSAmong the 137 vertebrae assessed, 79 exhibited an increased postoperative canal area, while 57 showed a decrease, with mean values of 8.28±6.871 mm² and −9.04±5.991 mm², respectively. Notably, no significant change in postoperative canal area was identified on the entire dataset (p>.01). There was a significant decrease between median preoperative (3.9 [IQ1-IQ3=3.3-4.8] mm) and postoperative (3.7 [IQ1-IQ3=3.0-4.4] mm) PWP (p<.01). Preoperative and postoperative HAW measurements were 19.4±6.1 mm and 23.2±5.2 mm, respectively (p<.01). However, at the final follow-up, the HAW was lower than the postoperative value. The HPW was also significantly improved after surgery (p<.01), but at the final follow-up, it was significantly decreased compared with the postoperative measurement. Following surgery, KA was significantly corrected (p<.01); however, at the final follow-up, relapse was detected (average KA: 18.4±10.3°). At the final follow-up, both VAS and ODI were significantly improved compared with the preoperative period (p<.01). As for complications, 50 patients experienced cement leakage, and 16 patients experienced vertebral refracture. All patients did not develop neurological symptoms during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONSOVBF without neurological deficits showed significant improvement in symptoms during the postoperative period after PKP. There was no notable alteration in the spinal canal area, but a significant decrease in PWP was observed. Consequently, we posit that PKP stands as a secure and efficacious surgical intervention for treating OVBF cases devoid of neurological symptoms.

Normative MRI for Lumbar Spinal Canal and Vertebral Body Dimensions in a Jordanian Population Sample

Aim: To provide normal values for the lumbar spinal canal, lumbar vertebral body and dural sac dimensions and canal body ratio by MRI for a Jordanian population sample.&#x0D; Material and methods: Three well trained observers reviewed 218 lumbar MRI scans performed between 2019–2021 (1090 lumbar levels) and obtained from the central computerized medical archive of three main governmental hospitals in north, central and south Jordan. All MRIs with alignment abnormalities (scoliosis and kyphosis), canal compression, vertebral disease (including fractures) or technical artifacts were excluded. The following were measured from L1 to L5 levels: the midsagittal diameters of the spinal canal and vertebral body, axial anteroposterior (AP), and transverse diameter of the vertebral body, dural canal and dural canal area. Data on sex and age were also documented.&#x0D; Results: The studied MRI scans included 113 males (51.8%) and 105 females (48.2%). Age ranged between 23–86 years old (mean 52.23 ± 13.125). The mid sagittal mid vertebral AP diameter of the lumbar spine range was 2.8–3.1 cm. The mid sagittal spinal canal diameter range was 1.3–1.5 cm. Canal body ratio was 3.3–3.6. The AP, transverse dural sac diameter ranges were 1.2–1.4 cm and 1.5–1.9 cm, respectively. Finally, the dural sac area ranged from 331–362 mm2.&#x0D; Conclusion: The dimensions of the lumbar spinal canal, vertebral bodies, and vertebral canal ratio at all levels were documented for a Jordanian population sample. Dimensions varied according to sex and when compared with other ethnic groups (Asian and African). The findings suggest that canal stenosis criteria should take these differences into consideration.

A Comprehensive Approach to Treating Acute Fissure-in-ano (Parikartika) with the AYUHEAL Suppository

&#x0D; Parikartika refers to a medical condition characterized by sharp pain in the anal region. Parikartika, in the context of Western medicine, can be understood as being similar to Fissure-in-ano. This condition is characterized by a combination of increased tension in the internal anal sphincter and reduced blood supply in the posterior midline area of the anal canal. This clinical study examines the effectiveness of the AYUHEAL suppository. This poly-herbal compound is designed to have both local and systemic effects in treating patients with Parikartika, explicitly focusing on acute Fissure-in-ano. A total of fifty patients were subjected to clinical examination and diagnosed with acute Fissure-in-ano based on symptoms including anal pain, per rectum bleeding, burning sensation during and after defecation and constipation. The AYUHEAL suppository was administered thrice daily for seven days. The therapeutic effects of the suppository were evaluated by assessing various parameters on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The findings demonstrated a notable amelioration in the symptoms, encompassing anal pain, rectal bleeding, post-defecation burning sensation, and constipation throughout the treatment period. Subsequent evaluations on the 21st day showed no reappearance of Fissure-in-ano, indicating a consistently favorable result. This study shows that using AYUHEAL suppository as the cutting-edge treatment for seven days effectively reduced the symptoms of Parikartika, specifically acute Fissure-in-ano. The suppository's poly-herbal composition allows it to have an effect both at the local site and throughout the entire body, indicating its potential as a comprehensive approach to managing this condition. Additional research and extensive clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings and investigate the long-term effectiveness of AYUHEAL suppositories in treating Parikartika.

Recognizing Instantaneous Group Patterns in Vessel Trajectory Data: A Snapshot Perspective

Recognizing vessel navigation patterns plays a vital role in understanding maritime traffic behaviors, managing and planning vessel activities, spotting outliers, and predicting traffic. However, the growth in trajectory data and the complexity of maritime traffic in recent years presents formidable challenges to this endeavor. Existing approaches predominantly adopt a ‘trajectory perspective’, where the instantaneous behaviors of vessel groups (e.g., the homing of fishing vessels) that occurred at certain times are concealed in the massive trajectories. To bridge this gap and to reveal collective patterns and behaviors, we look at vessel patterns and their dynamics at only individual points in time (snapshots). In particular, we propose a recognition framework from the snapshot perspective, mixing ingredients from group dynamics, computational geometry, graph theory, and visual perception theory. This framework encompasses algorithms for detecting basic types of patterns (e.g., collinear, curvilinear, and flow) and strategies to combine the results. Case studies were carried out using vessel trajectory (AIS) data around the Suez Canal and other areas. We show that the proposed methodology outperformed DBSCAN and clustering by measuring local direction centrality (CDC) in recognizing fine-grained vessel groups that exhibit more cohesive behaviors. Our results find interesting collective behaviors such as convoy, turning, avoidance, mooring (in open water), and berthing (in the dock), and also reveal abnormal behaviors. Such results can be used to better monitor, manage, understand, and predict maritime traffic and/or conditions.

Oblique lateral internal fusion combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in severe lumbar spinal stenosis: clinical and radiographic outcome

BackgroundOblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) has been a popular technique for treating lumbar degenerative diseases. Previous studies have shown its efficiency in lumbar spinal stenosis; yet, only a few studies have investigated its application to severe lumbar spinal stenosis. Herein, we investigated the clinical and radiographic outcome of OLIF with percutaneous pedicle screws in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.MethodsA total of 15 patients who underwent OLIF with percutaneous pedicle screws were retrospectively analysed. All patients were diagnosed with severe lumbar stenosis (Schizas grade C or D) through preoperative magnetic resonance image (MRI) and received OLIF combined with percutaneous pedicle screw surgery. Clinical outcomes, including visual analogue scale (VAS)-back and VAS-leg scores, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), as well as mean disc height (DH), mean foraminal height (FH), segmental lumbar lordosis (SLL) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the spinal canal, were analysed before and after surgery and at the last follow-up. Intraoperative data, complications and fusion rate were also investigated.ResultsOLIF combined with percutaneous pedicle screws was performed on 18 segments in 15 patients. Mean follow-up was 23.1 ± 4.6 months (range 15–29 months). VAS-back, VAS-leg, and ODI scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up. DH increased from 8.86 ± 3.06 mm before surgery to 13.31 ± 2.14 mm after; at the last follow-up, DH was 11.69 ± 1.87 mm. FH increased from 17.85 ± 2.26 mm before surgery to 22.09 ± 1.36 mm after; at the last follow-up, FH was 20.41 ± 0.99 mm. CSA of the spinal canal increased from 30.83 ± 21.15 mm2 before surgery to 74.99 ± 33.65 mm2 after the operation and 81.22 ± 35.53 mm2 at the last follow-up. The segmental LL before surgery, after surgery and at last follow-up was 20.27 ± 6.25 degrees, 20.83 ± 6.52 degrees and 19.75 ± 5.87 degrees, respectively. All patients have gained fusion at the last follow-up.ConclusionOLIF with percutaneous pedicle screws could achieve satisfactory clinical and radiographic effects through indirect compression by increasing DH, FH and CSA of the spinal canal in severe lumbar stenosis patients.

Applications of Interpedicular Distance and Anteroposterior Diameter in the Approximation of the Spinal Canal Area

Applications of Interpedicular Distance and Anteroposterior Diameter in the Approximation of the Spinal Canal Area