The excellent traditional agricultural culture is an important cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, encompassing rich agricultural techniques, production methods, as well as ethics and social norms. Agricultural colleges and universities bear the responsibility of both preserving and innovating agricultural culture in the cultivation of professional qualities. This study aims to explore the specific reflection and practice of excellent traditional agricultural culture in the cultivation of professional qualities at agricultural colleges and universities. Through efforts in curriculum design, school-enterprise cooperation, and campus culture construction, the comprehensive enhancement of students’ professional ethics, abilities, and spirit is promoted. The research finds that traditional agricultural culture has unique advantages in cultivating students’ integrity, diligence, and pragmatism, and plays a crucial role in improving the professional qualities of students at agricultural colleges and universities.