Campus Area Research Articles

An Assessment of the Presence of Clostridium tetani in the Soil and on Other Surfaces

Introduction: Standard emergency medicine practice includes tetanus vaccine administration as part of wound care management for patients who are not fully immunized. Since there have been no available studies in the United States reaffirming the prevalence of Clostridium tetani (C tetani) since 1926, we sought to identify its prevalence in a major urban county in the US. Methods: We sampled soil, rusted metal, concrete, and dog feces to determine the prevalence of C tetani in a single metropolitan county in the United States. Soil samples and swabs were collected from four locations: the soil of a public park and an elementary school; dog feces from a single public dog park; and rusted surfaces (metal and concrete) in common student areas of a university campus. The presence of C tetani in each sample was determined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: In total, 200 samples were collected, of which 37 (18.5%) tested positive for C tetani DNA. Among the 140 samples taken from the soil, just one (0.7%) tested positive for C tetani DNA. Of the 40 samples of rusted metal and concrete surfaces, 30 (75%) tested positive for C tetani, and six (30%) of the 20 samples from dog feces tested positive for C tetani. Conclusion: We found that C tetani is frequently present on rusted metal and concrete surfaces but rarely in soil samples. Minor wounds contaminated with soil may be considered low risk for tetanus. However, future studies should assess the burden of C tetani in other similar urban, suburban, and rural environments to help determine the threat of C tetani more exactly.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Boreholes Data to Investigate the Near-Surface Structure under the Campus Area of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (Türkiye)

We study the soil foundation underneath the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (ÇOMU) campus, Çanakkale, Türkiye by employing the electrical resistivity tomography – ERT supported by 27 boreholes data. The studied area taking place in southwest Marmara region was historically affected by large earthquakes () created by the North Anatolian Fault system. The boreholes data show that the near surface structure beneath the ÇOMU campus is made of mostly silty sands and marls. A high sensitivity resistivity instrument is used to collect the field data in which nine ERT profiles reaching lengths as long as 315 m are utilized. The current geoelectrical measurements are simulated by using two numerical models to estimate the inversion depth sensitivity from which it is found satisfactory in the depth range 0-30 m and then somewhat decreasing. The observed electrical resistivity values are in the range 2-160 W m. The geoelectrical structure corresponding to the silty sands are represented by low resistivities (<20 W m) while the high resistivity (>40 W m) depth sections are associated with the marl units. The resistivity structure beneath the ÇOMU campus is complex where both low and high resistivity depth sections reside side by side. The groundwater and clay mineralogy contribute to the broad changes in the subsurface resistivities. The groundwater flow below the steep terrain of the ÇOMU campus causes low resistivities (<10 W m) deeper than 10-m depth. The boreholes data superimposed on the two-dimensional (2-D) ERT profiles show consistency with the resistivity-depth distributions at corresponding depths.

Using simulated human comfort matrix to measure urban campus gender-based thermal performances

The study proposes incorporating human bodily comfort performance through a simulation method to assess the impact of urban microclimate conditions in an urban campus area. A human comfort performance matrix is used based on PET value and gender’s thermal stress conditions. The investigation serves as a way to evaluate open spaces’ climatic performance quantitatively through energy simulation. The method shows a way to measure urban comfort regarding gender perspectives early in the urban decision-making process. The findings of this research have practical implications for urban decision-makers to use robust simulation tools to optimize open space configurations based on gender’s thermal performances.

Performance and PV benefits analysis of multi-source renewable energy systems for different types of buildings on university campus

Due to the large campus area and high personnel density, universities experience significant building energy consumption. The comprehensive utilization of renewable energy can greatly alleviate energy consumption in higher education institutions. To explore the application prospects of renewable energy systems in universities, this study takes a university in Wuhan as a case example, investigating the performance and potential of various types of Photovoltaic-assisted Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (PV-HVAC) systems. First, the building load was calculated using DeST software. Subsequently, the potential for solar energy application on campus was assessed using a combination of QGIS, Labelme, and Python. Moreover, three types of PV-HVAC systems were designed for five categories of buildings based on their distinct characteristics, and TRNSYS software was utilized for performance simulation and analysis. The results indicate that the annual performance coefficients of the three systems are 3.8, 3.2, and 4.5, with corresponding annual energy self-sufficiency rates of 114 %, 72 %, and 32 %, respectively. Finally, the overall energy self-sufficiency rate of the PV-HVAC system across the campus is 65 %. This research provides valuable insights for achieving nearly zero-energy HVAC systems in university campuses.

Study of pleasantness maps and perceived predominant sound sources in a university campus soundscape analysis

The soundscape within a University campus is very complex, covering different environments, such as quiet areas to enhance focus during work and study sessions, parking lots, internal road networks, but also vibrant spaces for leisure purposes. These aspects depict University campuses as a perfect example for exploring complex soundscape analyses, and innovative methodologies for its assessment and mapping. This study presents and explores field data regarding the soundscape in selected points of the Fisciano campus of the University of Salerno (Italy) collected during a soundwalk, as well as pleasantness data obtained in crowdsourcing mode during NoiseCapture parties in the campus area. The soundwalk has been performed according to the ISO 12913, while the crowdsourced data was gathered using the NoiseCapture app. Maps of the soundscape pleasantness have been obtained using an interpolation approach on the crowdsourced data, validated on the soundwalk results and merged with the land use and facility map, to investigate the main role of sound sources in the soundscape's pleasantness rating. The results have been also compared with the predominance rated during the soundwalk. By comparing physical parameters, pleasantness data, and perceptual aspects, this study offers interesting insights on the complex soundscape of the university setting.

Looking at the Audial Quality of the Auditorium in the Campus Area: Auditorium of the Faculty of Economics and Business Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract An auditorium, a fairly large room, can do many things, especially in higher education. It can help both academic and non-academic activities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the noise level that can affect the hearing comfort of people using the auditorium room in the campus area. The main purpose of this study is to determine the quality of sound that is considered comfortable in the Auditorium Room from the influence of noise generated by motorized vehicles and tools that are in the process of construction around Building A of the Faculty of Economics and Business Education. The prominent noise comes from passing vehicles and the sound of carpentry tools that are building or repairing buildings around it. To determine the sound quality in the auditorium, this research uses a case study with quantitative descriptive analysis. To collect data, this study used the Decibel X Sound Meter application. The noise level around the Auditorium outbuildings was analyzed with NoiseTools and IBANA-Calc. Based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment Number KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996 on environmental noise. The simulation results of Noise Quality at the Auditorium of the Faculty of Economics and Business Education showed results at -8 dB which means very good and comfortable.

Lightning Strike Danger Zone Detector System Integrated with Smartphone

The potential for direct hits and bounces from buildings during thunderstorms can endanger pedestrians in the open area of the Faculty of Engineering Untirta campus. So far, there has been no danger warning in the open area so that pedestrians in the area are not prepared if unwanted things happen, especially when there is rain and lightning. Direct lightning strikes are one of the hydrometeorological events that need to be watched out for. Because of its impact that can cause damage to objects and casualties if exposed to humans. The campus area has a fairly large open area, making the threat of lightning strikes can occur at any time, especially during the rainy season. The purpose of this research is to design and implement a direct lightning strike hazard zone detection device in the campus area of the Faculty of Engineering UNTIRTA located in the city of Cilegon. The stages of research carried out include analyzing the open area of the FT campus using the Rolling sphere method. After that, plotting the area of the analysis results. Then an area detection tool was created which is categorized as a direct lightning strike danger zone that is integrated with Smartphone notifications.

Gate Pass Management System using Arduino and RFID

Nowadays, security is a part that consent by many institutions including academic for example in University campus, some of campus have been implement automatic system in campus area to control visitor to enter University also for the staffs and students, but the system is in standalone with introduce new gate pass. Most of University has been use Information Technology (IT) in application for academic system such as student information, registration, results information, etc. The Project 'Gate-pass Management System' is to record the details and various activities of the user. It simplifies the task and reduces the paperwork. In this project, we are reducing the paperwork which is done by giving the paper gate pass. We are providing the electronic version of the paper gate pass. We provide appropriate training to the user which suit their specific support has been provided at key points within the academic calendar. Admin is monitoring all the user and system. In this project, the only faculty is approving the user gate application if they want to allow student then gate pass system is a pop-up on the guard system database. Training has been provided timely basis and they got trained as the Gate Pass System is new and rolled out to their area of responsibility. At the moment we are in the very early stages, so it is difficult to put a specific time on the training, but we will keep people informed as plans are developed. The system is very user-friendly and it is anticipated that functions of the system are easily accessed by administrators, Faculties, students, and applicants.

Optimization of Electric Bus Scheduling Using Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study in Public Transport of UNNES Campus Area

The transportation service system requires improvements to evolve into a smart and more efficient system. Passengers waiting at bus stops can create long queues, causing a lack of available shuttle bus capacity when arriving at the bus stop. This work proposes a genetic algorithm model to minimize passenger waiting time and schedule shuttle buses to stops with high capacity. The Genetic Algorithm works by searching for the optimal value to result in optimal waiting time by providing calling shuttle bus. After the method reaches the optimal solution, the simulation result will provide a minimum waiting time. In case studies of simulated design at either campus in Central Java, Indonesia. This method provides a simulated system shuttle bus on scheduling to raise a challenge in waiting time efficiency and passenger accumulation at campus transportation. The case studies of the application on passenger waiting time showcase the model's ability to improve transportation services in the unscheduled campus area. This system was designed to ensure that it was effective in addressing the transportation challenges faced by students and staff. Use the full potential of bus transportation in the campus area to ensure continuity between stops and city transportation. Therefore, this approach reduces waiting times and schedules to overcome challenges posed by passenger accumulation for structured campus transportation services. Keywords—Shuttle Bus; Genetic Algorithm; Campus Area; Minimize Waiting Time; Scheduling; Optimization.

Effectiveness of Smoke-Free Campus Implementation on Smoking Behavior Control

The tobacco industry is a significant obstacle in the effort to control smoking behavior, especially since they are allowed to promote their products to the public, including students. To address this issue, the Ministry of Health developed a smoke-free zone that may be implemented in universities to reduce smoking rates among adolescents. To know the effectiveness of implementing a smoke-free campus policy on smoking behavior control at Universitas Prima Indonesia by assessing aspects of student knowledge and compliance levels. This research is a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design and uses purposive sampling techniques with the criteria of active smoker students, 74 people in the medical study program of the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences at Universitas Prima Indonesia. Data was obtained in February-April by distributing questionnaires directly to student smokers. The results showed that smoking behavior control among students increased in 50 (67.6%) out of 74 respondents. This is supported by the relationship between the level of knowledge and students' attitudes toward smoking behavior control in the smoke-free campus area, as indicated by a p-value<0.05 (0.005<0.05 and 0.001<0.05). This study found that students’ knowledge and attitudes towards smoke-free campus areas are important aspects influencing the effectiveness of the smoke-free campus policy in controlling smoking behavior.

INORGANIC WASTE BINS TO INCREASE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MANAGING HOUSEHOLD WASTE

The increase in population significantly impacts the growth of waste volume. In Indonesia, poor waste management exacerbates the issue of waste. In Yogyakarta, specifically, this problem has become critical due to the permanent closure of the integrated waste disposal site that has been relied upon. Despite various government programs being implemented, the active participation of the community as waste producers in addressing waste issues must be continuously enhanced. Independent waste management is one of the frequently proposed solutions. This program is supported by an overarching program called the waste bank. The existence of the waste bank must be accompanied by a high level of community participation. However, the lack of community access to the waste bank needs attention. Accordingly, this community service program will provide inorganic waste bins to increase community participation in managing inorganic waste while supporting the role of the waste bank. There are two main activities in this program: the design and production of inorganic waste bins, and the community education of household waste management. This community service collaborates with the waste bank located in Muja-Muju, Yogyakarta, targeting the campus area of the Faculty of Engineering at UST and the community on Miliran Street. This initiative also involves cooperation between the campus and the bank in institutional-scale waste management.

Assessment of regulatory ecosystem services of green plants in urban ecosystems

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of ecosystem services of green tree stands on the territory of the first academic campus of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy using the MyTree tool. It is a part of the i-Tree tool set developed by the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) of the comprehensive program, designed to assess the ecosystem services provided by individual trees or small groups of trees. Research has established that the most important regulatory services were carbon dioxide absorption, microclimate regulation, energy saving, air purification from ozone and sulfur dioxide. Calculations by the MyTree tool show the annual cost of tree planting services on campus and its projected cumulative growth after 20 years. According to the calculations of the MyTree tool, this year’s cost of tree plantation services of the first academic campus of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was $847.29, and according to forecasts, after 20 years it will cumulatively increase to $18,895.36. Estimates of the cost of individual components of regulatory ecosystem services are provided. The cumulative estimate over the next 20 years for CO2 sequestration was $4,129.15, which includes the sequestration of 21,963.55 kg of carbon. Air purification for 20 years is estimated at $1,342.66, which includes absorption and neutralization of 656.24 kg of O3, 117.47 kg of SO2, 54.45 kg of NO2, and 34.26 kg of solid dust particles PM2.5. Energy savings are estimated at $10,791.14, which includes energy savings of 100,448.21 kW. The tree species Aesculus hippocastanum (Bitter chestnut), Picea abies (European spruce), Picea pungens (Blue spruce), Betula pendula (Hanging birch) and Ulmus laevis (Smooth elm) provide the highest value of services. The results of this study can be used in the future to improve the planning and management of green areas of the university campus, taking into account the value of their ecosystem services.In general, the study confirmed the importance of monitoring and evaluating the ecosystem services of green spaces in urban ecosystems for making sustainable decisions regarding the development of urban areas, supporting the well-being and health of the population.

Rational Exergy Management Model based metrics for minimum carbon dioxide emissions and decarbonization in Glasgow

Addressing climate change is an urgent issue that requires effective and sustainable solutions at multiple scales from the building to the district and city scales. This study focuses on the avoidable carbon dioxide emissions responsibilities due to exergy mismatches between supply and demand at multiple scales based on the Rational Exergy Management Model. Nine key metrics for decarbonization are presented with analyses of three case studies in Glasgow, including a university campus area, and urban emissions scenarios. The existing campus district system involves 42 MW boiler capacity for heat supply and 3.35 MW electric power and heat supply with a combined heat and power system that is responsible for 80.97 kg carbon dioxide per operating hour at design conditions. The system may shift towards carbon neutrality if the combined heat and power system capacity increases to at least 27.3 MW electric power and the boiler is eventually banned. A potential expansion of the district network with solar prosumer buildings indicates that the optimum number of Exergy Stars as a new rating is four out of five when embodiments for solar prosumer buildings are considered. Urban emissions scenarios for Glasgow indicate about 20 MtCO2eq of urban consumption-based emissions in 2020 that are analyzed up to 2030 and 2050 under different decarbonization scenarios. Remaining urban emissions are linked to inefficiencies where exergy mismatches cause emissions responsibilities in the energy system. In comparison to the decarbonization index in the urban emissions scenarios for Glasgow, the increased exergy match at 0.87 is closest to its 2045-year value in the renewable energy based green-growth scenario. The results are useful for guiding other urban areas to embark on an effective approach for mitigation and bring society to a better balance with the planet. Districts and cities can utilize these metrics to upscale climate mitigation and minimize emissions more rapidly.

Kualitas Jaringan Operator Selular Coverage Indoor dan Outdoor di Lingkungan Universitas Warmadewa

Telecommunications technology is growing rapidly, and telecommunications providers are now in the 5G technology phase. Providing very fast speed and data transfer. However, in the development of cellular technology in Indonesia, especially in Bali, the distribution of provider signal coverage areas is not evenly distributed. Although many BTS (Base Transceiver Station) have been scattered and built in the Denpasar city area, there are still locations that are not well covered. In this study the location chosen was the campus area at Warmadewa University. The method used was survey and sample interviews among students, lecturers, and staff. The number of data samples is 100 people. The survey results obtained are the findings of the signal coverage of Telkomsel, Indosat, XL-Axiata providers including coverage ranging from very poor to very good, while the Smartfren and 3 providers include good and very good signal coverage received in the Warmadewa University area. The use of phone calls (pulses) is rarely used because data packages are more flexible and efficient, the selection of calls (pulses) is usually used when urgent conditions.

The Design Concept of Integrated Pedestrian Sidewalk with Solar Plants as a Form of Green Campus Development at the Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic

Abstract An important aspect of creating a viable campus environment is providing safe and comfortable walking paths. Proper walking paths give some advantages for students, including improved physical and mental health, transportation efficiency, and increased Student satisfaction and happiness. The pedestrian sidewalk area at Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic (Poltrada Bali) covers 3800 m2, experiencing high pedestrian activity but lacking protective roofing to enhance pedestrian comfort. Based on the pedestrian sidewalk area, a solar power plant as support for the green canopy construction combined with shading vines is possible. The generated electrical energy serves as the power source for the Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (PEVCS) in the campus parking lot as a support for the electric vehicle acceleration program in Bali province. In addition to PEVCS, energy extraction surplus is used as alternative energy for street lighting facilities in the campus area. In this study, the design concept of a shaded pedestrian sidewalk has been carried out, with multiple benefits as solar plants using Delphi as a variable identification and validation tool, and SketchUp software to visualize design shapes aesthetically. The results show that a pedestrian comfort level of 94% was obtained and the maximum power generation of 934,800 Wp, thus it was able to meet the 887,832 W campus operational power reserve needs, street and garden lights of 9,728 W, and the power requirements of two PEVCS units of 22,000 W with a surplus of 15,240 W electric power.

Water Quality of Unconfined Aquifer in Universitas Negeri Malang Following the Drinking Water Quality Standard of Indonesian Ministry of Health

The quality of groundwater is naturally determined by water-bearing rock characteristics. However, the progression of civilian activities also negatively affects the groundwater quality. Therefore, this study aims to assess the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of groundwater in the Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) campus area in Indonesia and evaluate its compliance with drinking water quality standards, particularly the Class A standard. A comparative descriptive strategy was utilized in the study by involving groundwater in the campus area of UM. The focus of the research is water quality in unconfined aquifer. Through purposive sampling, 12 wells were selected to ensure appropriate spatial dispersion. Water samples were collected in sample bottles and tested for physical, biological, and chemical properties. These water quality tests were carried out in the Perum Jasa Tirta I Malang. Water quality data were analyzed qualitatively, descriptively, and comparatively. This study concludes that (1) the groundwater on the UM campus generally meets the physical criteria for drinking water quality standards; (2) the chemical quality of the groundwater on the UM campus still satisfies the drinking water quality standards; and (3) biologically, the free groundwater on the UM campus fails to meet drinking water quality standards. The novelty of this research is that the biggest threat to the quality of free groundwater in the campus area is bacterial contamination from sanitation activities. Accordingly, it is recommended that groundwater is boiled before being utilized for drinking water purposes to neutralize the E. coli bacteria present in all well water samples.Keywords: Water Quality; Unconfined Aquifer; The Drinking Water; Quality Standard

Utilization of the DJI Phantom 3 Advance Quadcopter Type Drone Vehicle for Area Mapping of the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic Campus

This research is motivated by the fact that currently remote sensing technology continues to develop, both in terms of data collection and processing. This is characterized by the existence of data collection techniques using unmanned aerial vehicles for aerial photo mapping. The advantage of using this technology is that it is effective and efficient both in terms of time and human resources for mapping in areas that are not too large. Another advantage is that it can produce clearer photos, because the plane's flying height is below 400 meters above ground level so that during the shooting process there is no cloud interference. The aim of this research is to create an aerial photo map at the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic, validate objects in aerial photos and in the field, and provide information about the area, boundaries and topography of the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic campus area. The implementation of activities and research objects is the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic campus area. This research uses a small format aerial photo mapping method using a Quadcopter, making it easier to determine where to start taking off and landing. With a Quadcopter vehicle, grounding problems are no longer an obstacle. The research results showed that photography carried out with a Quadcopter at a height of 200 m above the ground produced an area of 28.17 Ha and a spatial resolution of 8.40 cm/pixel. The validation results in aerial photos and in the field using drones have a small difference between 0-4 cm with an average of 1.625 cm/photo. From the digitization results of campus objects, there are 30 objects on campus with a total area of 2.67 Ha. As for the topography results in the campus area, the highest point is 107.5 meters above sea level and the lowest point is 60 meters above sea level.

Eksplorasi Mikroflora Alami Cairan Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour) Druce di Kawasan Hutan Penelitian dan Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Andalas

Indonesia is a country that is rich in flora and fauna diversity, one of the unique flora in Indonesia is Nepenthes. This bag serves to trap insects or other small animals, the Biology Education and Research Forest (HPPB) is located in the Andalas Limau Manis University campus area which is classified as lowland tropical rain forest which is the habitat of Nepenthes, in the Biology Education and Research Forest (HPPB) this type of pitcher plant, namely Nepenthes mirabilis. Nepenthes mirabilis is a plant that is able to digest insects trapped in pockets at the ends of its leaf tendrils, so it is classified as a carnivorous plant. Microorganisms play an important role in breaking down organic materials into inorganic ones available to plants. Types of bacteria and bacterial populations greatly determine the decomposition process of animals that have been trapped in the bag as a source of nutrients for Nepenthes plants. This study aims to explore the natural microflora of Nepenthes mirabilis fluids, determine the proportional presence of potential bacteria, and determine the in vitro potential of chitinolytic bacteria from Nepenthes mirabilis fluids. This study used a survey method which was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Nepenthes mirabilis fluid contained the presence of Fermentative, Amylolytic, Proteolytic, Chitinolytic and Lipolitical bacteria. Nepenthes mirabilis liquid in open bags contained chitinolytic bacteria, the highest presence of chitinolytic bacteria was found in MBB samples (20,104 cfu/ml) and MBA samples (18,104 cfu/ml). .28), fermentative (2.33 and 2.00), amylolytic (1.42 and 1.28), proteolytic (2.00 and 2.00), lipolytic (1.75 and 1.28).

Designing of 0.9 MWp Solar Power System Project for Kastamonu University

Today, with increasing consumption costs, costs and needs in the field of energy are increasing exponentially. In this study, a Solar Power System project has been designed at Kastamonu University in order to meet the increasing demand for electrical energy and because it is more advantageous than other power plants, has a shorter depreciation period and a shorter installation and commissioning time. Solar Energy Systems, or Solar Power Systems are cutting-edge devices made to capture solar radiation and transform it into electrical energy that can be used. Solar Power Systems are essential for creating a greener and more sustainable energy landscape as the world community continues to emphasize sustainability. It is envisaged to use 8 inverters with 1632 panels on various roofs within the Kastamonu University campus area in order to supply the energy demand. Energy costs, power plant installation fees, depreciation process and exemptions are also cost within the scope of this study. It is concluded that approximately one third of the energy needs of Kastamonu University will be met with the proposed project.

Historical study and strategies for the revitalization of the former Ginling College buildings in Nanjing, China —Architectural Heritage of the Church School in the Early Twentieth Century

ABSTRACT Ginling College is the first women’s university founded by the British and American Christian Churches in China at the beginning of the twentieth century. Its school building is not only the earliest and largest concrete school building group in Nanjing in near modern times, but also a masterpiece of the church's implementation of the ‘Chinese native architectural style’. This ‘combination of Chinese and Western’ creative method initiated by the churches is called the ‘Renaissance of Chinese Traditional Architecture’, which has a profound impact on later generations and has important historical significance and research value. At present, the school’s historical buildings are in urgent need of conservation and refurbishment. The conservation project strives to maintain the original appearance of the building, optimize the space design, and achieve the coordinated development of culture heritage conservation and the overall campus area. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation and research on this school building heritage from the different perspectives of architectural history and regeneration. Given the significance of this historic building group in modern China, this research will fill a gap in relevant historical study, offering a typical case study of modern school buildings and their utilization in China.