Campaign Goals Research Articles

Leading the Campaign: Advancing Colleges and Universities (review)

Reviewed by: Leading the Campaign: Advancing Colleges and Universities Mark Walcott Michael J. Worth. Leading the Campaign: Advancing Colleges and Universities. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010. 200 pp. Cloth: $54.95. ISBN: 978-1-60709-649-8. In Leading the Campaign: Advancing Colleges and Universities, Michael J. Worth, for 35 years a development officer and consultant at George Washington University, discusses the fundamental strategies and elements of a comprehensive campaign. Drawn from Worth’s long experience and scholarly research, this book provides a framework for planning and executing a comprehensive campaign with emphasis “on the strategic decisions that a campaign requires and on campaign leadership,” giving special consideration to the leadership role of institutional presidents (p. 1). The first chapter, “The Comprehensive Campaign,” provides a brief account of early campaign strategies that resembled church models of “passing the plate” and appeals framed in religious contexts, then covers more directed efforts such as the “Ward method” or capital campaigns, and ultimately explores comprehensive campaigns that “integrate capital, annual, and planned gifts under one umbrella” (p. 6). Worth devotes the majority of the chapters toward defining the six key principles of a campaign: announced goal and deadline, focused support for specific strategic priorities, rated prospect lists and specific asks, the principles of sequential fund-raising, volunteer leadership, and emphasis on major gifts. In Chapters 2 and 3, Worth provides an overview of the structure of a campaign and the various methodologies in organizing the people, resources, and objectives toward a successful comprehensive campaign. In defining the six essential phases of a campaign, he collapses those phases into three broad categories: planning (planning phase), execution (quiet period, kickoff, public, closing phases), and post-campaign (evaluation, planning, and stewardship) (p. 21). Before delving into the intricacies of each phase, Worth discusses the importance of organizing the campaign team. He emphasizes that the president is often the “personification of the institution in the minds of alumni and other donors” (p. 35). A very helpful characteristic of this text is the continual definition and explanation of the president’s role in the various phases of the campaign; but Worth also stresses the importance of having a supporting team of experienced fund-raising professionals and volunteers who execute the campaign’s various functions and duties. Worth provides four basic models for committee and personnel organization: “by gift level or phase,” “by source of support,” “by academic unit, project, or priority,” and “by geography” (p. 42). While blending the various models to suit a particular institution is common, Worth notes the importance of creating only what is needed. He stresses that extraneous complexity in organization can lead to the inefficient utilization of resources and complications in communication, support, and strategic direction. Worth’s focus in the planning phase of a campaign centers on setting clear objectives and providing adequate resources and policies. In starting a comprehensive campaign, he recommends determining the timing and feasibility only after assessing institutional readiness in relation to economic, institutional, and prospect criteria. These elements must be identified in a case statement, which emerges from the institution’s mission, values, and vision. He draws upon the rule of thirds established by Harold J. Seymour, which states that all gifts are distributed among three groups: first, 10 to 15 gifts will represent 40–60% of all gifts; 100–150 gifts will represent 33–50% of gifts, and the rest of the campaign goal will be comprised of all other gifts (p. 61). In understanding that the majority of gifts come from key prospects, Worth advises spending substantial consideration on evaluating the prospect pool to determine whether the campaign goal can be reached based on the availability of major gifts from specific prospects. In planning the campaign, Worth stresses the importance of setting priorities and objectives and lists five basic ways in which campaign goals can be constructed: (a) by use of the funds as they relate to capital projects, endowments, and other specific purposes, (b) by institutional priorities, (c) by colleges, departments, or other organizational units, (d) by financial objectives such as raising specific dollar amounts for scholarships, and (e) by the type of gift, such as cash or deferred donations (p. 69). While budgeting...

Using Public Health Detailing and a Family-Centered Ecological Approach To Promote Patient–Provider–Parent Action for Reducing Childhood Obesity

This paper describes the research and development of the Obesity in Children Action Kit, a paper-based chronic disease management tool of the Public Health Detailing Program (PHD) at the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH). It also describes PHD's process for developing the Obesity in Children detailing campaign (targeting healthcare providers working with children aged 2-18) and its results, during which the Action Kit materials were a focal point. The campaign goals were to impact healthcare provider clinical behaviors, improve the health literacy of parents and children, instigate patient-provider-parent dialogue, and change family practices to prevent obesity. Qualitative research methods consisted of healthcare provider in-depth interviews and parent focus groups to aid campaign development. Evaluation of the Obesity in Children campaign included self-reported data on uptake and usage of clinical tools and action steps of matched assessments from 237 healthcare provider initial and follow-up visits, material stock counts, and DOHMH representative qualitative visit excerpts. Key themes identified in parent focus groups were concerns about childhood diabetes and high blood pressure, awareness of cultural pressure and our "supersize" culture, frustration with family communication around overweight and obesity, lack of knowledge about food quality and portion size, economic pressures, and the availability of healthy and nutritious foods. During the Obesity in Children campaign, six representatives reached 161 practices with 1,588 one-on-one interactions, and an additional 461 contacts were made through group presentations. After these interactions, there was a significant increase in the percentage of physicians self-reported use of key recommended practices: Use of BMI percentile-for-age to assess for overweight or obesity at every visit increased from 77% to 88% (p < 0.01); counseling all patients and their parents/caregivers about healthy eating and physical activity increased from 67% to 85% (p < 0.01); counseling all patients on reducing sugar-sweetened beverages increased from 63% to 78% (p < 0.01); and working with families to set realistic goals increased from 64% to 86% (p < 0.01). Clinical tools such as a soda bottle showing sugar content, pediatric plate planners, and goal setting posters were widely adopted (62%, 78%, and 41% respectively). The Obesity in Children campaign, as well as its predecessor, the Adult Obesity campaign and Action Kit, were amongst the best-received and most successful campaigns PHD has conducted since the inception of the program. They have elicited the most attention from healthcare providers and staff, with Obesity in Children Action Kit materials being requested throughout NYC, as well as nationally.

Table of Contents

Abstract Give Advisory Boards the Time, Attention They Deserve Income Tax Benefits Steps to Make ‘the Act’ Work to Your Organization's Advantage Pitch Eccentric, Unproven Projects to Major Gift Donors Volunteer Involvement Physician Buy‐in Key to Grateful Patient Program Grateful Patient Follow‐up in Action Cyber Security What It Takes to Protect Donors and Fundraising Operations Cyber Security and Social Media Endowment Marketing Tip Annual Budget Needs Being Met? Push Restricted Giving Unrestricted Funds Match Entices Endowment Giving Expert Advice How to Best Market Your Planned Giving Program November Webinars Keep Retiring Board Members In the Fold Fly‐through Tour Brings the Future to Prospective Donors Fundraising Ethics Why Ethics in Fundraising and Governance Matter Prospect Identification Identify Those With Multiple Residences Measuring Prospects' Potential Rank Major Gift Prospects With an RFM Analysis Can Your Board Fund a Third of Your Campaign Goal? Campaign Communications Aid Campaign Solicitations With Architectural Renderings Get the Most From Your Illustrations

Doctors and local media: a synergy for public health information? A controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a multifaceted campaign on antibiotic prescribing (protocol)

BackgroundUse of information campaigns and educational interventions directed to citizens and supported by physicians, aimed at promoting the appropriate use of medicines, have been evaluated by several studies with conflicting results. These interventions are potentially relevant, favouring the reduction of unnecessary use of medicines and related risks. Several studies have specifically evaluated the promotion of the appropriate use of antibiotics in adults and children, with variable results. A controlled study is proposed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention aimed at reducing antibiotic prescription by increasing awareness on risks of their unnecessary use.Methods/designInformation will be provided to citizens through several media (posters, local TV, radio and newspapers, video terminals, websites of Local Health Authorities). Brochures with information on expected benefits and risks of antibiotics will be also available, either with direct access in waiting rooms and pharmacies or handed out and mediated by doctors. Physicians and pharmacists will get specific data on local antibiotic resistance. A small group of representative doctors have also actively participated in defining the campaign key messages. A sample of general practitioners and paediatricians will be trained in patient counselling strategies.The information campaign will be implemented in two Provinces of Emilia-Romagna during the fall-winter season (November 2011-February 2012). Change in the overall prescribing rate of antibiotics (expressed as DDD per 1000 inhabitants/day) in the intervention area will be compared versus other areas in the same Region. Knowledge and attitudes of the general population will be evaluated through a phone and internet survey on a representative sample.DiscussionWhile the campaign messages will be mainly directed to the general population, doctors' prescribing will be assessed. The main rationale for this apparent discrepancy lies in the influence patients may have on physicians' prescribing behaviour (directly or indirectly) and in physicians' endorsement of the campaign goals, considering their participation in its design.This study could observe a reduction lower than 5% in the prescribing rate of antibiotics. Such a reduction would be of public health relevance and would determine average savings of almost twice as much as the campaign costs.

Designing advertising campaigns for destinations with mixed images: Using visitor campaign goal messages to motivate visitors

Promoting a destination challenges tourism managers when potential visitors have mixed images. Extending Koo and Fishbach's (2008) dynamic self-regulation research, this study uses diminishing sensitivity theory and proposes that a destination's goal progress information in advertising messages non-linearly influences tourists' motivation to visit the destination. A sample of 114 potential tourists was assigned randomly to scenarios employing a 2 (goal progress frame: to-date vs. to-go)×2 (goal progress rate: high vs. low) between-subjects design. The finding supports the proposition that the destination city's campaign goal progress rates moderate goal progress framing's impact on travel attractiveness. Consistent with diminishing sensitivity theory, tourists' motivation to adhere to the campaign goals depends on the distance between the current goal progress and the reference point (“differential goal progress frame effects”). Both tourists' social and personal benefits also mediate the differential goal progress frame effects.

The Day the Campaign Died: The Wellstone Memorial, Civic Piety, and Political Propriety

This essay examines the public memorial for the late Senator Paul Wellstone arguing that it is a site of contestation over standards of political propriety. Assessing the Wellstone memorial as a complex rhetorical text, the authors contend that within the experiential landscape of the memorial, discourses that were alternately secular, political, sacred, and ceremonial clashed, violating the generic tenets of eulogistic discourse and casting the memorial as an impious civic event. This unresolved dissonance between politics and piety allowed Wellstone's Republican opposition to strategically deploy a rhetoric of political propriety, triggering a backlash that ultimately fostered Republican campaign goals.

Electoral institutions and campaigning in comparative perspective: Electioneering in European Parliament elections

This article develops and tests a number of competing expectations (institutional, party and individual) about what influenced the campaign activity of individual parliamentary candidates for the 2004 European Parliament elections. The principal interest is in the effects of variations in the design of electoral institutions across the Member States of the European Union. Based on the analysis, it is argued that an important distinction needs to be made between campaign effort and campaign goals, with electoral institutional factors having a more significant role over the latter.

The Puzzle of Ineffective Election Campaigning in Japan

AbstractIn Japan, electoral campaigning in plurality districts often appears strangely ineffective to observers. In their explanations, political scientists have so far fallen back on the proximate cause, namely the strict Public Office Election Law (Kōshoku senkyo-hō), claiming that it is this law that prohibits different and more effective campaigning. This study, however, is based on the assumption that such an explanation could be insufficient since even those campaign tactics legally allowed are often executed and/or selected in an apparently ineffective way in terms of their appeal to voters. Especially when looked at from the perspective of structural learning theory, which assumes that actors adapt their behavior within stable structures by learning what works well and what does not, these observations invite further investigation.As a first step, participant observation was used to identify types of apparently ineffective campaigning. In the second step, these types were discussed in qualitative interviews with candidates and other practitioners. The results show that next to appealing to voters there are other campaign goals that can determine the choice of electoral instruments: motivating campaign staffers, maintaining good working relationships with external helpers, presenting political convictions and personal determination. This explains part of the assumed ineffectiveness, but not all of it. When seen through the lens of structural learning theory research findings suggest that the lack of clear feedback regarding the impact of campaign activities on voters inhibits the learning processes of candidates. In combination with constraints regarding time, place and/or resources, these factors shape election campaigning to a considerable degree. Consequently, this study suggests that explanations need to take more factors into account than just the Public Office Election Law in order to solve the puzzle of ineffective campaigning in Japan.

Particulate matter (PM) concentrations in underground and ground-level rail systems of the Los Angeles Metro

Abstract Elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) have been found in a number of worldwide underground transit systems, with major implications regarding exposure of commuters to PM and its associated health effects. An extensive sampling campaign was conducted in May–August 2010 to measure PM concentrations in two lines of the Los Angeles Metro system – an underground subway line (Metro red line) and a ground-level light-rail line (Metro gold line). The campaign goals were to: 1) determine personal PM exposure of commuters of both lines, and 2) measure and compare PM concentrations at station platforms and inside the train. Considering that a commuter typically spent 75% of time inside the train and 25% of time waiting at a station, subway commuters were exposed on average to PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations that were 1.9 and 1.8 times greater than the light-rail commuters. The average PM10 concentrations for the subway line at station platforms and inside the train were 78.0 μg m−3 and 31.5 μg m−3, respectively; for the light-rail line, corresponding PM10 concentrations were 38.2 μg m−3 and 16.2 μg m−3. Regression analysis demonstrated that personal exposure concentrations for the light-rail line are strongly associated with ambient PM levels (R2 = 0.61), while PM concentrations for the subway line are less influenced by ambient conditions (R2 = 0.38) and have a relatively stable background level of about 21 μg m−3. Our findings suggest that local emissions (i.e., vehicular traffic, road dust) are the main source of airborne PM for the light-rail line. The subway line, on the other hand, has an additional source of PM, most likely generated from the daily operation of trains. Strong inter-correlation of PM10 between the train and station microenvironments shows that airborne PM at stations are the main source of PM inside the trains for both lines (R2 = 0.91 and 0.81 for subway and light-rail line, respectively). In addition, PM2.5 and coarse PM (PM10-2.5) are also strongly correlated for the subway line (R2 = 0.89) and the light-rail line (R2 = 0.52–0.92), suggesting that PM2.5 and coarse PM originate from a common source. Finally, in comparison to worldwide subway systems, the L.A. Metro system is relatively ’clean’. Since the system is comparatively new (in operation since 1993), its ventilation system and braking technology are probably more efficient and more advanced than older subway systems.

Retaining educational fundraisers: Reducing turnover by investing in human capital management

This article outlines an approach to reducing gift officer turnover during comprehensive campaigns by investing in the human capital management (HCM) program. While many universities have begun to create HCM programs, I suggest creating a position specifically focused on the retention of gift offices to ensure that universities and non-profits can be successful in reaching ambitious campaign goals. Campaigns are an intrinsic part of university advancement but the average tenure for a gift officer nationally is 18–24 months. This is a critical problem for universities during comprehensive campaigns because the fundraising team cannot afford to be training new staff during such ambitious campaigns. Solving turnover in the gift officer ranks requires a comprehensive program to recruit, retain and mentor gift officers so that they understand the mission of the organization and the department, understand their role in the team's success and have the tools and support necessary to achieve their professional goals.

University of Washington School of Medicine

University of Washington School of Medicine

Advocating for Schools to Provide Effective HIV and Sexuality Education: A Case Study in How Social Service Organizations Working in Coalition Can (and Should) Affect Sustained Policy Change

Advocates believed that to slow an expanding HIV/ AIDS epidemic in Washington, D.C., a local effort could ensure that HIV prevention was brought to scale. Schools were chosen as the focus and a new coalition advocated for the city government to pass new academic standards for health education. HIV and sex education policies had not been revised in more than 12 years and HIV education in D.C. public schools varied greatly in quality. Metro TeenAIDS (MTA), a traditional social service organization with no real history of advocacy work, reached only 10% of D.C. adolescents with critical HIV/AIDS prevention information. Clearly, to make a sustained impact, system change was necessary. After deciding to pursue a campaign focused on updating health education policy and creating standards, MTA convened a variety of reproductive health, adolescent medicine, and other organizations to establish the DC Healthy Youth Coalition. The Coalition used three complementary strategies to achieve campaign goals: mobilizing grassroots community support, involving parents in the discussion, and educating city leaders. By building an alliance of social service organizations and influencing critical public policy, the coalition ensured that new educational standards were passed.

Advancing Excellence Sets New Goals

Advancing Excellence Sets New Goals

Sepsis in pregnancy and early goal-directed therapy.

Sepsis is a major cause of serious morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and their babies. Conventional management has evolved over many years. Improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and randomized clinical trials have led to recommendations for the formalization and standardization of the management of severe sepsis in non-pregnant patients. Most of these recommendations are applicable to pregnancy. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign and Early Goal Directed Therapy have relevance to the care of pregnant women with serious infection and are reviewed here.

AIDS Communication Campaigns in Uganda: Organizational Factors and Campaign Planning as Predictors of Successful Campaign Execution

About 60% of all the HIV/AIDS cases are found in sub-Saharan Africa (UNAIDS, 2007). While a few countries in the region have shown a decline in prevalence, most countries in southern Africa have made little progress in their fight against AIDS. The goal of this study was to provide empirical support to confirm and extend an earlier model of the effect of organizational factors and campaign planning on campaign execution to help answer the question of what makes for a successful communication campaign to change AIDS-related behavior. A survey of the top leaders of 120 Ugandan organizations delivering AIDS communication campaigns supports a model that illustrates the vital role of several features, such as focused campaign goals, the formality of organizational structure, and outreach worker supervision, on effective campaign execution. Surprisingly, financial resources are negatively related to goal extensiveness and message clarity and may be a distraction during campaign execution.

Suicide Campaigns as a Strategic Choice: The Case of Hamas

This article examines the Palestinian Islamist group Hamas as a case study of an organization engaging in suicide campaigns as a result of a strategic choice. It examines the political, cultural and strategic preconditions that make this choice possible. In order to do this, the article also examines the interaction between Hamas and Palestinian society--how Hamas gains support at the grassroots level and how it in turn operates to Islamize the society and how Hamas came to a turning point where its political leadership found that starting suicide campaign was a necessary strategic choice. The article refers to Hamas suicide campaigns in 1994-96 and 2001-04. Hamas achieved its campaign goals: the campaigns sabotaged the peace process and Hamas won the Palestinian Legislative Council elections in 2006. The suicide missions represented a big shift away from Hamas' previous policies and strategies. Language: en

Knowledge translation and implementation research in nursing

0020-7489/$ – see front matter # 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.05.006 Darmstadt et al., 2005). Another example is the persistent problem of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients. Inadequate compliance to existing guidelines results in a high prevalence of ulcers, leading to patient suffering, prolonged hospitalization, a need for continued intensive care and a financial burden on the health care system (Laat et al., 2006). The Institute for Healthcare Improvement in the US has added pressure ulcers prevention as 1 of 12 interventions to reach the campaign goal of saving 5 million lives from medical harm (IHI, 2006). In a widely cited report based on data from the US and the Netherlands Grol and Grimshaw (2003) reported that 30–40% of all patients do not receive healthcare based on current relevant knowledge and as much as 20–25% of all patients receive harmful or unnecessary care. These figures largely concern medical treatment, but there is no reason to assume that nursing care would prove to be more evidence based if such information were available. The World Health Organization (WHO) has realized the serious nature of this situation, stating ‘‘stronger emphasis should be placed on translating knowledge into action to improve public health by bridging the gap of what is known and what is actually done’’ (WHO, 2004, p. V). This urgent request conveys implications for nursing research. It is no longer reasonable to predominantly do research on, for example, patients’ experiences of healthcare or surveys on working conditions of the nursing staff. I am well aware that qualitative research is essential in understanding and improving nursing care. However, internationally there is a growing demand for more intervention research in order to establish evidence on the effectiveness of various nursing practices (Rahm-Hallberg, 2006). It is indeed necessary to What is already known about the topic?

NH Campaign Advances to Its Second Year

NH Campaign Advances to Its Second Year

Join the Advancing Excellence Campaign

Marcie O'Reilly, AMDA's director of membership and communications, compiled this report.If you are affiliated with one of more than 4,000 nursing homes that helped to launch the Advancing Excellence in America's Nursing Homes campaign, you already have carried out this month's theme for Older Americans Month—Older Americans: Making Choices for a Healthier Future.The voluntary campaign kicked off in the fall of 2006 at a national Nursing Home Quality Summit in Washington. The American Medical Directors Association joined caregivers, providers, government officials, consumers, and medical and quality improvement experts in the campaign's effort to strengthen public trust in nursing home care.The Advancing Excellence initiative has eight measurable clinical quality and organizational improvement goals on which nursing homes can work to improve their quality of care.Nursing homes that registered for the Advancing Excellence in America's Nursing Homes campaign prior to May 14, 2007, have been recognized as Advancing Excellence Trailblazers.Signing on to work on at least three of the eight campaign goals to improve public trust and communication is a great way for long-term care providers and consumers to demonstrate that quality of life for nursing home residents and staff is a top priority.AMDA said it acknowledges the Advancing Excellence Trailblazers for their dedication to quality improvement, and resident and staff satisfaction, and would like to encourage others to register too.For additional information or to register for the Advancing Excellence in America's Nursing Homes campaign, visit www.nhqualitycampaign.org. Marcie O'Reilly, AMDA's director of membership and communications, compiled this report. If you are affiliated with one of more than 4,000 nursing homes that helped to launch the Advancing Excellence in America's Nursing Homes campaign, you already have carried out this month's theme for Older Americans Month—Older Americans: Making Choices for a Healthier Future. The voluntary campaign kicked off in the fall of 2006 at a national Nursing Home Quality Summit in Washington. The American Medical Directors Association joined caregivers, providers, government officials, consumers, and medical and quality improvement experts in the campaign's effort to strengthen public trust in nursing home care. The Advancing Excellence initiative has eight measurable clinical quality and organizational improvement goals on which nursing homes can work to improve their quality of care. Nursing homes that registered for the Advancing Excellence in America's Nursing Homes campaign prior to May 14, 2007, have been recognized as Advancing Excellence Trailblazers. Signing on to work on at least three of the eight campaign goals to improve public trust and communication is a great way for long-term care providers and consumers to demonstrate that quality of life for nursing home residents and staff is a top priority. AMDA said it acknowledges the Advancing Excellence Trailblazers for their dedication to quality improvement, and resident and staff satisfaction, and would like to encourage others to register too. For additional information or to register for the Advancing Excellence in America's Nursing Homes campaign, visit www.nhqualitycampaign.org.

Table of Contents

Abstract Organize Your Photo Library Free Online Press Release Services Share Your Vision Create a Strategic Plan, Then Communicate It Unique Approach to Setting Goals Send Us Your ‘Stuff’ Determine Seating Requirements Creative Publicity Techniques Let Your Location Be the Catalyst for Innovative Publicity Ideas Venue Selection Branch Out to Find Free Locations Communication Methods Don't Forget ‘Old’ Communication Forms Annual Report Ideas Work to Increase Your Annual Report's Readership Diversified Publications Produce Materials in Two Languages Media Relations How to Deal With Unexpected Media Inquiries Create Events That Tantalize the Media Find Dynamic Guest Speakers Elements Of Design Make Your Newsletter Visually Appealing Attracting Sponsorships Answer the Question, ‘What's in It for Me?’ Public Speaking Advice ‘Murder Board’ Provides Trial Rehearsal Seasonal Campaigns Dedicate Your Summer to a Media Campaign Set Media Campaign Goals, Deadlines Strategic Planning Goes Interactive Host an Open House Defining Your Target Audience Use Focus Groups to Reach Your Audience Develop a Focus Group Online Tracking Services Gauge Marketing Efforts by Tracking Media Coverage Events Management Event Planning Challenges for Parent Organizations Communication Method Make the Most of Fact Sheets Communicate Expectations With New Board Members Herald Your Awards Professional Opinion Advice on Publicizing Your New CEO/President Garner Media Attention Make the Most of ‘Awareness’ Month