Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract Research Articles

Highly dispersible Fe3O4‐Ag@OPO(OH)2 nanocomposites as a novel eco‐friendly magnetic retrievable catalyst for the reduction of p‐nitrophenol

AbstractIn this study, Fe3O4‐Ag@OPO(OH)2 nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized using Camellia sinensis leaf extract. This herbal extract was utilized to reduce silver(I) ions to silver nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of magnetite. The solution color changes from bright to dark, along with the new absorption band at λmax 410 nm confirms the deposition of nanosilver on the magnetite surface. The X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to characterize the diffraction patterns of silver and magnetite phases and to calculate the average size of the crystallites being 21 nm. The fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of green prepared of Fe3O4‐Ag@OPO(OH)2 NCs illustrated the functional group peaks of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. The energy dispersive X‐ray (EDS) spectra of Fe3O4‐Ag@OPO(OH)2 NCs proved the presence of localized elements, which are incorporated into prepared NCs containing Ag, Fe, O, and P. The vibrating‐sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis indicated that the magnetic nature of Fe3O4‐Ag@OPO(OH)2 NCs is less than Fe3O4 NPs, which is attributed to nonmagnetic nature of Ag NPs and covering the magnetite surface by layers of silver and phosphate. The eco‐friendly synthesized Fe3O4‐Ag@OPO(OH)2 NCs exhibited high catalytic activity toward reducing p‐nitrophenol.

Influence of botanical extracts in the texture profile of shampoo formulations

Introduction: Each day, even more consumers are concerned about hair care, once its appearance influences the self-perception and, consequently, the quality of life. Nowadays, another preoccupation is the search for cosmetic products with natural raw materials. In this context, botanical extracts have been used as a natural active ingredient in cosmetic formulations to attend the demand of the consumer. The texture profile evaluation helps to find the best formulation that will have more acceptance in the market. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of three botanical extracts on the texture profile of shampoo formulations.Methods: A shampoo formulation was developed and added or not (Vehicle –V) with Hamamelis virginiana leaf extract (F1), Camellia sinensis leaf extract (F2) and Paullinia cupana extract – Guarana extract (F3). The analysis of the texture profile was performed using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer (Stable Microsystems, Surrey UK). The formulations were evaluated in terms of hardness and spreadability, and the parameters calculated were hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, elasticity, gumminess, compressibility, firmness and work of shear.Results: The obtained results showed that the botanical extracts decreased the hardness, firmness, and work of shear of the shampoo formulations, it was also observed an increase of elasticity. Comparing with the vehicle, the reduction of values of hardness and work of shear are desirable parameters, such as the increase of benefits of elasticity, once they are related to the formulation spreadability and softness. When comparing the botanical extracts, the Paullinia cupana extract promoted a decrease in the adhesiveness, while Camellia sinensis and Hamamelis virginiana increased this parameter. It was also observed smaller values of hardness and high elasticity, even though the firmness and work of shear did not present significant differences among them.Conclusion: In conclusion, even with the decrease of the firmness, the formulations with the extracts showed a good performance in other parameters, such as hardness, elasticity, and work of shear. Therefore, the formulation with guarana extract can be considered the best formulation due to the smaller values of hardness, and higher values of adhesiveness and elasticity.

Antiacne and antiblotch activities of a formulated combination of Aloe barbadensis leaf powder, Garcinia mangostana peel extract, and Camellia sinensis leaf extract.

Objective: We compared the efficacy of an antiacne hydrogel formulated with a combination of Aloe barbadensis leaf extract, Garcinia mangostana peel extract, and Camellia sinensis leaf extract (AGC) at a ratio of 50:25:1 with a marketed 1% clindamycin gel (CG) formulation on antiacne and antiblotch activities.Methods: A single-center, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial was performed from November 2017 to April 2018. Sixty subjects with mild–moderate acne severity according to the the American Academy of Dermatology were enrolled for the study. Outcome end points were total acne lesions (TALs) and acne-severity index (ASI) by counting the inflamed lesions and comedones and skin colors using erythema and melanin values.Results: For TALss, a decrease (P<0.0001) in the number of total inflamed lesions from baseline was evidenced in AGC group, but not in the CG group. Higher reduction in mean ASI in the AGC group was seen than in the CG group. However, there was no statistically significant difference regarding reduction in ASI between the AGC and CG groups. For erythema, a remarked reduction in skin redness from baseline was clearly seen at day 3 (P<0.05) in the AGC group. No significant decrease in erythema values from baseline was seen in the CG group. A significant decrease (P=0.037) in mean melanin value from baseline was seen in the AGC group after 14 days of twice-daily use, but not in the CG group. Both products were well tolerated, with no reports of severe adverse events.Conclusion: An anti-acne hydrogel containing a combination of mangosteen rinds, aloe vera gel, and green tea–leaf extracts was superior to 1% clindamycin gel in antiacne and antiblotch activities when measured by TALs and erythema and melanin values.

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanostructures for Potential Biomedical Applications

Despite the great progress in nanotechnologies, to date, there is still a lack of definite knowledge on the effects of CuO nanoparticles on cancer cell lines. In this present work, CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using Tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf extract. The devised method provides a simple, cost-effective aqueous means of producing spherical copper oxide nanoparticles. Preliminary characterization of green synthesized CuO NPs was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, Zeta Potential, TEM and SAED analysis. The average crystallite size of the CuO nanoparticles is estimated to be 22.44 nm and the band gap for CuO nanoparticles was found to be 1.54 eV which are higher than bulk CuO. TEM images of CuO NPs shows a spherical morphology with moderate size distribution of larger nanoparticles due to agglomeration. The average particle size obtained from TEM is in the range of 25-32 nm which agrees well with the crystallite size calculated from XRD. CuO NPs has negative zeta potential of -70.2 mV which could keep it suspension stability for longer period of time. The antibacterial activity test results revealed a highest inhibition zone of 21 mm for gram positive S.aureus. Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative Klebsiella pneumonia depicted highest sensitivity to nanoparticles compared to other strains and was more adversely affected by the copper oxide nanoparticles. CuO NPs have been tested for their potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells) using MTT assay. CuO NPs at the concentration of 50 μg/ml decreased the viability of MCF-7 cells by 50%.The quantification of cellular CuO NPs uptake using the imaging revealed a clear dose dependent toxic activity

Interconnected PolymerS TeChnology (IPSTiC): An Effective Approach for the Modulation of 5α-Reductase Activity in Hair Loss Conditions

Hair loss represents a condition that adversely affects the social life of patients. The most common cause is androgenetic alopecia (AGA), which is a genetically determined progressive hair-loss condition involving 5α-reductase. In this study, a novel anti-baldness agent based on Interconnected PolymerS TeChnology (IPSTiC), which is an effective strategy for the delivery of bioactive molecules, was developed. This product (IPSTiC patch hair) is based on a polymeric blend consisting of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and soybean proteins and is able to improve efficacy and stability of bioactive ingredients such as Origanum vulgare leaf extract, Camellia Sinensis leaf extract, and Capsicum Annuum fruit extract. The efficacy of the developed anti-baldness agent was investigated by performing several tests including NO radical and 5α-reductase inhibition assays, stability studies under different conditions, and in vitro diffusion studies using Franz cells. The biocompatibility of IPSTiC patch hair was also evaluated by in vitro analysis of the pro-sensitising potential and EPISKIN model. The obtained results confirmed both the efficacy and safety of IPSTiC patch hair supporting the potential use of this product in the topical treatment of AGA.

Spectroscopic Study of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Leaves Extraction

This paper reports the analysis of UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectra of different concentrations of green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf extract in two different solvent systems (chloroform and ethyl acetate). In those solvents, two different peaks characterizing green tea are observed at different wavelengths, namely 296 nm and 329 nm (extracted in chloroform) and 391 nm and 534 nm (extracted in ethyl acetate). We then investigated the absorption spectra change as function of green tea concentration in both solvents. We found that light absorption increases linearly with the increase of green tea concentration. Different wavelengths, however, respond this change differently. However, the way it changes is wavelength dependence.

Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Green Tea leaves Extract

The interest in synthesizing Nanoparticles in an easy and environmental friendly way has been increasing in the recent years. Physical and Chemical methods are conventionally used for synthesis of Nanoparticles, however due to limitations of these methods, the focus of research has been recently shifted towards the development of clean and eco-friendly synthesis protocols. The green synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles has been achieved using environmental acceptable plant extract. It was observed that Camellia sinensis leaf extract can reduce Iron ions into Iron Nanoparticles at room temperature. The aim of this study is to synthesize Iron Nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis extract in an environmental and sustainable way. The synthesized Iron Nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. This study shows that the Iron Nanoparticles can be synthesized using Camellia sinensis leaf extract as a reducing agent.

Effect of supplementation of soft drinks with green tea extract on their erosive potential against dentine

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors reduce dentine erosion. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of the supplementation of soft drinks with green tea extract, a natural inhibitor of MMPs, on their erosive potential against dentine. For each drink tested (Coca-Cola, Kuat guarana, Sprite and light Coca-Cola), 40 dentine specimens were divided into two subgroups differing with respect to supplementation with green tea extract at 1.2% (OM24, 100%Camellia sinensis leaf extract, containing 30 ± 3% of catechin; Omnimedica, Switzerland) or not (control). Specimens were subjected to four pH cycles, alternating de- and remineralization in one day. For each cycle, samples were immersed in pure or supplemented drink (10 minutes, 30 mL per block) and in artificial saliva (60 minutes, 30 mL per block) at 37 °C, under agitation. Dentine alterations were determined by profilometry (μm). Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed among the drinks tested with Sprite leading to the highest surface loss and light Coca-Cola to the lowest. Supplementation with green tea extract reduced the surface loss by 15% to 40% but the difference was significant for Coca-Cola only. Supplementation of soft drinks with green tea extract might be a viable alternative to reduce their erosive potential against dentine.

Chlorhexidine and green tea extract reduce dentin erosion and abrasion in situ

Objectives This in situ/ex vivo study aimed to analyse the impact of possible MMP-inhibitors (chlorhexidine and green tea extract) on dentin wear induced by erosion or erosion plus abrasion. Methods Twelve volunteers took part in this cross-over and double-blind study performed in 4 phases of each 5 days. Bovine dentin samples were worn in palatal appliances and subjected to extraoral erosion (4 times/day, Coca-Cola, 5 min) or erosion plus abrasion (2 times/day, fluoride-free toothpaste and electrical toothbrush, 15 s/sample). Immediately after each erosion, the appliances were reinserted in the mouth and the oral cavity was rinsed for 60 s with: 250 ppm F solution (SnF 2/AmF, pH 4.5, Meridol-Gaba, Switzerland), 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (0.06% chlorhexidine, pH 6.0, Periogard-Colgate, Brazil), 0.61% green tea extract solution (OM24 ®, 100% Camellia Sinensis leaf extract, catechin concentration: 30 ± 3%, pH 7.0, Omnimedica, Switzerland) or deionized water (pH 6.0, control). Dentin loss was assessed by profilometry (μm). The data were analysed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results There was a significant difference between the conditions (Ero × Ero + Abr, p < 0.001) and among the solutions ( p < 0.001). All solutions (F: 1.42 ± 0.34; 1.73 ± 0.50, chlorhexidine: 1.15 ± 0.26; 1.59 ± 0.32, green tea: 1.06 ± 0.30; 1.54 ± 0.55) significantly reduced the dentin wear when compared to control (2.00 ± 0.55; 2.41 ± 0.83) for both conditions. There were not significant differences among green tea extract, chlorhexidine and F solutions. Conclusions Thus, the possible MMP-inhibitors tested in this study seem to be a promising preventive measure to reduce dentin erosion-abrasion, but their mechanism of action needs to be investigated in further studies.

Effect of irradiation on the antioxidative and antigenotoxic activities of a green tea leaf and stem extract

SummaryGreen tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf and stem extract, a major byproduct of the green tea industry, was investigated for its antioxidative and antigenotoxic activities after 20 kGy of irradiation. In vitro antioxidative activities, including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition activities, and the reducing power were tested. Green tea leaf extract (GTLE) had higher antioxidative activities than the green tea stem extract (GTSE). Irradiation of 20 kGy to GTLE showed a decreasing tendency in DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide‐scavenging activities, and reducing power, while that to GTSE showed an increasing tendency of the antioxidative activities. Tyrosinase inhibition activity showed no difference on irradiation, in GTLE and GTSE. Overall, irradiation had positive influences on the antioxidative activity in the GTSE more than in the GTLE. Antigenotoxic effect of the green tea extracts on an oxidative DNA damage in human leucocytes by a DNA comet assay also indicated a protective effect of GTLE. The irradiated GTLE began to decrease the DNA damage significantly at 10 μg mL−1, which showed a higher inhibition activity than the non‐irradiated GTLE. The non‐irradiated and irradiated GTSE showed similar inhibition trends and they were comparable with that of the GTLE. Results suggest that the extract of GTSE, a major byproduct of the green tea industry, can be considered as a cost‐effective functional ingredient for industrial applications. Furthermore, irradiation of the GTSE may have beneficial effects on its functional activity.