California Arizona Research Articles

The real McCoy: A record of deep‐water basin deposition in southwestern North America during the Cretaceous

AbstractThe McCoy Mountains Formation (McMF) in southern California–Arizona preserves an anomalously thick record of sedimentation during the Mesozoic at a critical time when western North America experienced contrasting tectonic events related to intracontinental rifting along the Mexican Border rift system and consolidation of the North American Cordilleran system. The spaciotemporal interactions among these events and the development of the McCoy basin challenge our understanding of the evolution of the southern extent of North America. At its type locality in the McCoy Mountains, the McMF consists of ~ 7 km of low‐grade metasedimentary rocks, originally interpreted as meandering fluvial to alluvial‐fan deposits. Uncertainty in the initial timing of sedimentation in the McCoy basin has resulted in multiple tectonic models. We measured ~ 7160 m of detailed stratigraphy and present new sedimentological and detrital zircon results showing that the McCoy basin was occupied by deep‐water turbidite systems. These systems deposited an upward‐coarsening succession of fine‐ to coarse‐grained detritus during the Cretaceous (ca. 137–70 Ma). Provenance data indicate that the McCoy basin received sediment from Proterozoic basement rocks and metamorphosed Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic sedimentary units. These source rocks are equivalent to the stratigraphy found in the Grand Canyon and Colorado Plateau regions and were likely shed from the southward‐advancing Maria fold‐thrust belt and possibly the southern Sevier belt in southern Nevada and California. These results, combined with subsidence curves typical of foreland basins, favour deposition within a subaqueous flexural foreland basin system. The presence of a Cretaceous foreland basin this far southwest challenges previously proposed models and suggests that the contractional tectonic regime associated with the North American Cordillera extended into the southwestern most United States during the Early–Late Cretaceous.

Although It Helps, Love Is Not All You Need: How Caryl Rusbult Made Me Discover What Relationships Are All About

Personal RelationshipsVolume 17, Issue 2 p. 161-163 Although It Helps, Love Is Not All You Need: How Caryl Rusbult Made Me Discover What Relationships Are All About CATRIN FINKENAUER, CATRIN FINKENAUER VU University Amsterdam, The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author CATRIN FINKENAUER, CATRIN FINKENAUER VU University Amsterdam, The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 May 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01264.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume17, Issue2June 2010Pages 161-163 RelatedInformation

Continuum of Care for HIV Patients Returning to Mexico

The U.S.-Mexico Border region which includes some of the poorest counties in the country has large rural populations with health care service shortages leading to poorer health outcomes than in the rest of the country (United States-Mexico Border Health Commission 2008). In combination with these factors an increase in the number of HIV cases along the border led to a request from the Health Resources and Services Administration for a collaborative effort to systematically assess the education and capacity building needs of health care providers in this region. The three AETCs geographically located along the border (Pacific AETC [California Arizona] Mountain- Plains AETC [New Mexico] and Texas/Oklahoma AETC [Texas]) interviewed more than 75 border clinicians to determine their unique HIV-related education needs. Four broad training-related needs emerged: (a) to increase integration and coordination of HIV training activities (b) to expand HIV training beyond AETC-targeted providers (c) to offer site-based trainings that include cultural sensitivity themes and incentives for participation and (d) to maintain a binational perspective by including Mexican clinicians in training activities. (excerpt)

Habitat Use by Hatchery-Reared Adult Razorback Suckers Released into the Lower Colorado River, California–Arizona

Abstract Designation of the Imperial Division, Colorado River, California–Arizona, as critical habitat for the endangered razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1994 prompted the need for information on current habitat use by the species. Although information on habitat use by razorback suckers has been widely reported for the upper Colorado River basin, little applicable information existed for the Imperial Division. Between December 1995 and Jan 1998, we released 87 hatchery-reared adult razorback suckers (413–592 mm total length) implanted with ultrasonic transmitters into the lower 9.6 km of the Imperial Division and monitored their use of habitat types. Available aquatic habitat within the study area was designated as main channel, backwater, side channel, or impoundment and was described in terms of surface area. Relative availability of each habitat type (percent of available habitat) was used to compute the percent number of observations expected within each ha...

A New Look at the Hispanic Population of the United States in 1910

With regard to the US Hispanic population in 1910 two maps indicate the location of Hispanic oversample counties both nationwide and in California Arizona New Mexico Texas and Kansas. The following tables are presented: the estimated size of the Hispanic population in 1910; initial sample counties for 1910 Hispanic oversample; additional sample counties for 1910 Hispanic oversample; sampling fraction and sample weights for Hispanics in the 1910 combined public use samples; computation of sample fraction and weight for Luna County New Mexico; Hispanics in the US as shown in various sources; Hispanic population in sample states; Hispanic population size in all states in 1910; oversample versus original public use sample; sex age structure literacy of men and women aged 20 years and older literacy by generation literacy by generation by state and school attendance of children age 5-18 years in the Hispanic population; percent of Hispanic population aged 20 and older which speaks English; major occupation groups among Hispanic men and women aged 15 years and older; cell sizes for state-level occupation data; family size of Hispanics and non-Hispanics; average number of own children less than age 5 years by generation; and the average number of children ever born by marriage duration together with the ratio of dead children to children ever born.

Cirsium ochrocentrum subsp. martinii (Asteraceae), a New Subspecies of the Santa Fe Thistle from the Gila River Region of Arizona and New Mexico

A morphological study of Cirsium ochrocentrum supports separation of the phenotype with red corollas of the upper Gila River drainage from typical materials with purple or white corollas from surrounding regions. This taxon shows intergradation and overlap of character distributions with typical populations and is recognized as a subspecies. Cirsium ochrocentrum subsp. martinii differs from the typical variety by its red corolla color, short style tips and spines, and generally shorter decurrence. The American thistle genus Cirsium, with over 140 species (Ownbey et al., 1975), is an important part of the North American flora. Although American thistles have been falsely maligned as aggressive weeds because of their Eurasian congeners (Lamp & McCarty, 1981), western thistles provide a vital, and sometimes obligate, food source for many animal species including goldfinches, hummingbirds, and crescent butterflies (Martin et al., 1951; Tilden & Smith, 1986). Despite the ecological importance of these plants, taxonomists have largely neglected thistles. Current thistle taxonomy has both a confusing number of synonyms and a multitude of undescribed phenotypes that merit taxonomic recognition. In this report, I describe one such unrecognized group. Ownbey and Hsi (1963) suggested that the redcorolla phenotype of the Santa Fe Thistle, Cirsium ochrocentrum, might warrant recognition at the subspecies or species level. Hsi (1960) proposed a new taxon based on materials from Arizona with red corollas but did not validate the name with a published description. Barlow (1992) studied variation within the C. ochrocentrum group and showed that the red-flowered phenotype, which is found in the Gila River drainage of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, was separable from the normally purple-flowered populations of the Rio Grande, Great Plains, Trans-Pecos, and Colorado Plateau. A summary of that analysis and the resulting description is presented here. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twelve morphological characters were measured on field-collected specimens from 56 populations (Fig. 1). Voucher specimens are deposited at UNM. The morphological characters used in this analysis were terminal leaf spine length, decurrence length, leaf length, corolla tube length, corolla throat length, corolla lobe length, style tip length, anther appendage tip length, anther appendage body length, pappus length, phyllary length, and phyllary spine length. Each population was represented by 1 to 18 specimens, and each floral character was represented by the average of 10 measurements per plant. This data set and the characters are fully described in Barlow (1992). A canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), using population averages, was used to graphically portray the distinctiveness of the red-corolla populations of the Gila River drainage from the typical Rio Grande valley purple-corolla populations. A third group, consisting of specimens from geographically intermediate populations with intermediate colors, was included to both verify their intermediacy in other character states and to offset the polarization of a CDA with only two taxa. Individuals were assigned to one of these three groups for this analysis. Discriminant analysis gives a linear combination of characters that best describes the classification. Ninety-five percent probability ellipses for the variance of each population were calculated. In a second analysis, 65 purple-corolla specimens from the upper Rio Grande Valley near the type locality of the typical subspecies were compared with 49 red-flowered specimens from Catron County, New Mexico, in a Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric comparison of the means. Statistical analysis was performed with NPAR1WAY, CANDISC, and IML procedures of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, 1989). Two hundred twelve herbarium specimens of Cirsium ochrocentrum were examined. NovoN 9: 318-322. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.83 on Sun, 09 Oct 2016 05:11:17 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 3 1999 Barlow-Irick Cirsium ochrocentrum subsp. martinii 319 1180W 1030W 380N 38 N Nevada _.ta rado 10 1I O I California Arizona exlo ~~?? ooo

Marketing Order Impacts on Farm‐Retail Price Spreads: Reply

quate data, we were unable to capture important quality differences in a heterogenous commodity. On the contrary, the weekly FOB price series used in our analysis were constructed by calculating an FOB price weighted by size, grade, and production district price differentials (Thompson and Lyon, p. 651). The three weighted market-level FOB series thus reflected changes in the volume of undesirable sizes and grades. Because FOB prices for only those sizes of oranges for which retail prices were collected were used to construct the FOB series, our weighted FOB prices conformed closely to the prices reported in our retail price series. Thus, the three price series explicitly captured quality effects. Any potential bias introduced by ignoring grade and size changes through time was thereby avoided. As acknowledged by Powers, this bias cannot be remedied with the aggregate data he employs. This is a crucial point because Powers concludes that deteriorating product quality at the end of the season should cause price spreads to increase. Powers' second criticism suggests that we failed to properly identify weeks during the 1985/86 and 1986/ 87 marketing seasons when the industry also operated without prorate. Our analysis defined the period of prorate suspension as having occurred when the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) unilaterally suspended prorate during the 1984/85 season. We considered the 1984/85 suspension to be fundamentally different from subsequent periods because of the unique circumstances leading up to the suspension. First, market conditions were markedly different. Freezes in 1984/85 in Florida and Texas left California-Arizona (CA) fresh navel oranges with almost no competing supplies during the 1985 marketing period. Second, a majority of the fresh domestic crop had not yet been shipped. When USDA announced the suspension (beginning the first week in February of 1985 and extending for 18 consecutive weeks until the end of the season), only 37.6% of the crop had been shipped under prorate (Navel Orange Administrative Committee [NOAC] Annual Report, 1985). Third, and most important, the prorate suspension in February 1985 was virtually unanticipated. Industry officials admit that the secretary of agriculture's decision to suspend the prorate caught them off guard.' In contrast, removal of prorate during the 1985/ 86 and 1986/87 seasons was fully anticipated, was of shorter duration, and occurred under much different supply conditions. At the beginning of the 1985/ 86 season, USDA notified NOAC on 25 November 1985 that USDA would issue weekly volume regulations based upon criteria established by NOAC. After protracted discussions among committee members, NOAC finally agreed on 23 February 1986 to three criteria upon which to base the decision to suspend the weekly prorate.2 The prorate in the 1985/ 86 season was suspended after the week ending on 13 April when two of the three criteria were met. This suspension was clearly anticipated and nearly two-thirds of the fresh domestic shipments had already been accounted for. Rules regarding suspension of the prorate were even more stringent during the 1986/87 season as NOAC proposed on 30 October 1986 that volume controls be imposed in each week through the week ending on 23 April 1987; these proposed regulations were accepted by USDA, and 79.9% of the season's fresh domestic crop was shipped before prorate was suspended. In both these seasons, supply conditions permitted larger shipments from Texas and Florida than during the 1984/85 season. Thus the suspensions occurring in the 1985/86 and 1986/87 were clearly different from the 1984/85 susp nsion in important ways. Acknowledging these dissimilarities, we isolated the 1984/85 suspension as the cynosure of our analysis, thereby permitting examination of industry and market reaction to this unanticipated supply-side policy shock.

Effects of marketing order prorate suspensions on California—Arizona navel oranges

An econometric analysis shows that the late-season suspensions of handler prorates in the Federal marketing order for California-Arizona navel oranges during the 1983 to 1989 seasons increased quantities used fresh and lowered prices for fresh navels. The suspensions also decreased quantities processed which increased prices for processing navels. Because demand is more price inelastic in the higher-priced, fresh-use market than for processing, growers' revenue fell during the suspensions. The suspensions boosted total marketers' and consumers' economic well-being as measured by economic surplus. The size of the suspension effects depends largely on the volumes of navels shipped during the suspension and crop size.

Price spreads for California—Arizona navel oranges during and after the 1985 prorate suspension

In January 1985, rate-of-flow controls (“prorate”) for California-Arizona navel oranges were suspended for half the marketing season. This article compares the behavior of industry marketing margins during the deregulated period with that of regulated seasons in order to assess the impacts of the prorate suspension on the navel orange marketing system. Econometric results indicate that relative to subsequent regulated seasons, marketing margins contracted during the prorate suspension period. These results suggest that distributors did not exercise market power during the suspension period in order to maintain consumer prices at pre-suspension levels while depressing grower prices.

A study of demand response to grocery advertising of fresh California–Arizona navel oranges

An econometric analysis shows that grocery advertising expands the demand for fresh California-Arizona navel oranges. With advertising, grocers demand a greater quantity of fresh navels at every buying price. Navel grocery advertising carries over for only one week after the initial week the advertisements appear as compared to one to nine months for most brand and generic advertising of agricultural commodities. The peak response of navel demand to grocery advertising occurs during the week the advertising appears, while the peak response of brand and generic advertising gradually occurs several months after the advertising.

Marketing California—Arizona lemons without marketing order shipment controls

The California-Arizona lemon industry, after a long history of using fresh market shipment controls, operated during 1985-1986 without using the weekly prorate provisions of its federal marketing order. This article compares the level and variability of weekly shipments and prices for the, 1985-1986 crop year with the previous nine years when fresh market prorates were used every week. Fresh market shipments increased during most of 1985-1986 and prices were below the level expected. Weekly shipments and prices were more variable during the year without prorate than during most of the preceding nine years.

Cartelization of the California-Arizona Orange Industry, 1934-1981

Previous articleNext article No AccessCartelization of the California-Arizona Orange Industry, 1934-1981Lawrence ShepardLawrence Shepard Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Law and Economics Volume 29, Number 1Apr., 1986 Sponsored by The University of Chicago Booth School of Business and The University of Chicago Law School Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/467110 Views: 5Total views on this site Citations: 24Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1986 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:John M. Crespi, James M. MacDonald Concentration in food and agricultural markets, (Jan 2022): 4781–4843.https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.hesagr.2022.03.003Laura Phillips Sawyer California Fair Trade: Antitrust and the Politics of “Fairness” in U.S. Competition Policy, Business History Review 90, no.11 (Dec 2015): 31–56.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007680515001063J. Alberto García-Salazar, Rhonda K. Skaggs, Terry L. Crawford Excess Supply and Price Volatility in the Mexican Potato Market: A Decision Making Framework, American Journal of Potato Research 91, no.33 (Nov 2013): 291–303.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-013-9349-5John M. Connor Cartel overcharges, (Oct 2014): 249–387.https://doi.org/10.1108/S0193-589520140000026008Robert J. Myers, Richard J. Sexton, William G. Tomek A Century of Research on Agricultural Markets, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 92, no.22 (Apr 2010): 376–403.https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aaq014Michael Boland, Veronica Pozo, Daniel Sumner Sunkist Growers: Refreshing the Brand, Review of Agricultural Economics 31, no.33 (Sep 2009): 628–639.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01457.xDavid L. Weimer The Puzzle of Private Rulemaking: Expertise, Flexibility, and Blame Avoidance in U.S. Regulation, Public Administration Review 66, no.44 (Jul 2006): 569–582.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00617.xJohn M. Connor Price-Fixing Overcharges: Legal and Economic Evidence, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2005).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.787924John M. Crespi, Adriana Chacón-Cascante Do U.S. marketing orders have much market power? An examination of the Almond Board of California, Agribusiness 20, no.11 (Jan 2004): 1–15.https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.10081John M. Connor Price-Fixing Overcharges: Legal and Economic Evidence, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2004).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1103516Richard J. Sexton, Nathalie Lavoie Chapter 15 Food processing and distribution: An industrial organization approach, (Jan 2001): 863–932.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(01)10023-XELIZABETH HOFFMAN, GARY D. LIBECAP THE FAILURE OF GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED CARTELS AND DEVELOPMENT OF FEDERAL FARM POLICY, Economic Inquiry 33, no.33 (Jul 1995): 365–382.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1995.tb01869.xNicholas J. Powers Orderly marketing for oranges: Public interest versus private interest, Agribusiness 10, no.11 (Jan 1994): 61–82.https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(199401)10:1<61::AID-AGR2720100107>3.0.CO;2-9Richard L. Kilmer, Timothy G. Taylor Acreage stability and resource allocation before and after the implementation of a marketing order, Agribusiness 8, no.66 (Nov 1992): 507–516.https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(199211)8:6<507::AID-AGR2720080603>3.0.CO;2-KNicholas J. Powers Effects of marketing order prorate suspensions on California—Arizona navel oranges, Agribusiness 7, no.33 (May 1991): 203–229.https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<203::AID-AGR2720070304>3.0.CO;2-3 Randal R. Rucker , and Walter N. Thurman The Economic Effects of Supply Controls: The Simple Analytics of the U. S. Peanut Program, The Journal of Law and Economics 33, no.22 (Oct 2015): 483–515.https://doi.org/10.1086/467215M D Faminow Reform of one‐channel marketing systems: Expanding the debate and agenda for research, Development Southern Africa 7, no.33 (Aug 1990): 347–350.https://doi.org/10.1080/03768359008439526Gary D. Libecap The Political Economy of Crude Oil Cartelization in the United States, 1933–1972, The Journal of Economic History 49, no.44 (Mar 2009): 833–855.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700009463Charles C. Lyon, Gary D. Thompson, Roger Fox Price spreads for California—Arizona navel oranges during and after the 1985 prorate suspension, Agribusiness 5, no.66 (Nov 1989): 573–595.https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(198911)5:6<573::AID-AGR2720050604>3.0.CO;2-8Nicholas J. Powers A study of demand response to grocery advertising of fresh California–Arizona navel oranges, Agribusiness 5, no.55 (Sep 1989): 423–435.https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(198909)5:5<423::AID-AGR2720050502>3.0.CO;2-TWilliam S. Reece Why is the bishops' letter on the U.S. economy so unconvincing?, Journal of Business Ethics 8, no.77 (Jul 1989): 553–560.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382931Paul L. Joskow, Nancy L. Rose Chapter 25 The effects of economic regulation, (Jan 1989): 1449–1506.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-448X(89)02013-3Hoy F. Carman, Daniel H. Pick Marketing California—Arizona lemons without marketing order shipment controls, Agribusiness 4, no.33 (May 1988): 245–259.https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(198805)4:3<245::AID-AGR2720040304>3.0.CO;2-YKathleen A. Miller, Michael H. Glantz Climate and economic competitiveness: Florida freezes and the global citrus processing industry, Climatic Change 12, no.22 (Apr 1988): 135–164.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138936