California Academy Research Articles

SCENES FROM THE ACS MEETING IN SAN FRANCISCO

(Photo at left) ACS President-Elect Nancy B. Jackson (from left), President Joseph S. Francisco, and Immediate Past-President Thomas H. Lane pause for a photo. A child, above, takes a closer look at chemistry during the outreach event at the California Academy of Sciences. (Photos clockwise from bottom left) Faculty and students from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, San German, prove that chemists are cool. Grad students Swapnil Kulkarni (left) of the University of Mississippi and Pravin Bhansali of the University of Toledo mingle during the grad student and postdoc reception. ACS Scholar and University of Maryland, Baltimore County, undergrad Melanie A. Wiley (center) poses with Board Chair Bonnie A. Charpentier (left) and Executive Director and CEO Madeleine Jacobs at the ACS Board meeting. Genentech’s Paul Gibbons explains his research to M. Qaiser Fatmi of the University of California, Riverside, during Sci-Mix. Retired chemist James A. Hammond, above left, beams over his personalized C&EN ...

Redefining Our Relationship with Elephants

Redefining Our Relationship with Elephants

Notes on Contributors

Notes on Contributors

An Interview with Robert S. Lane, Ph.D.

Dr. Robert Lane received a B.A. degree in psychology from the University of California at Berkeley (UCB), an M.A. degree in biology at San Francisco State College, and a Ph.D. in entomology at UCB. While employed as a California State public health biologist he began his long-standing studies of the biology of ticks and the ecology and epidemiology of tick-borne disease agents. In 1984, Dr. Lane joined the faculty of UCB as a medical entomologist, a position he has held until the present. The diseases he and his many co-workers have investigated include Colorado tick fever, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, relapsing fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tularemia, and particularly Lyme disease. Findings from these studies have elucidated the basic transmission cycles of and risk factors for spotted fever-group rickettsiae and Lyme disease spirochetes in the far western United States. Bob is a Fellow of both the California Academy of Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a recipient of a UCB Biology Faculty Research Award and the C.W. Woodworth Award from the Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America, and a member of the Council for the International Congresses of Entomology. Also, he has served as president of the Acarological Society of America, the International Northwestern Conference on Diseases in Nature Communicable to Man, the Northern California Parasitologists, and the Society for Vector Ecology, as well as the Chair of Section D (Medical/Veterinary Entomology), Entomological Society.

Lophoura brevicollum N. SP. (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Sphyriidae), A Parasite of the Smooth Grenadier Nezumia liolepis (Gilbert, 1890) (Pisces: Macrouridae) from the Eastern Pacific, And A New Record And New Host of Lophoura unilobulata Castro R. And Gonzalez

Specimens of the deep-water macrourid Nezumia liolepis were caught during a survey of the effects of the oxygen minimum layer on the vertical distribution of crustaceans, polychaetes, and fishes in the Gulf of California. Two specimens were each carrying one parasitic copepod each, initially judged to be identical to Lophoura tetraloba in almost all respects. An additional specimen of N. liolepis carrying one copepod was collected in the San Pedro Channel between San Pedro and Santa Catalina Island (southern California), and another specimen of N. liolepis carrying another copepod, collected between Cabo Corrientes (Jalisco) and Manzanillo (Colima), Mexico, was found in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Detailed inspection revealed several important differences between L. tetraloba from the South China Sea and Tosa Bay (Japan), and the new material, which along with the different depth and distribution, support the hypothesis of a new sphyriid species, described here as L. brevicollum. Lophoura tetraloba and L. brevicollum can be separated by the length of the neck, the number of dorsal and ventral depressions of the genito-abdomen, the length of the egg sacs, and by the general shape of the posterior processes. Finally, a new record and a new host for L. unilobulata, as well as some comments on the systematic position of Driocephalus are given.

A Note of Gratitude

A Note of Gratitude

The Relationship Between a Statewide Preceptorship Program and Family Medicine Residency Selection

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which participation in the California Academy of Family Physicians Foundation Family Medicine (FM) Preceptorship Program, as well as medical school, degree earned, gender, and match year predicted FM residency match. Allopathic and osteopathic students who applied to the preceptorship program from 1996 to 2002 were followed until residency match. Chi-square (chi(2)) analysis was used to compare preceptorship participants, nonparticipants (students who applied but did not complete the preceptorship), and nonapplicants (students who did not apply to the preceptorship) for FM match rates and to compare participants to nonparticipants for primary care match rates. FM match data for California schools from 1999 to 2005 were used to perform a logistic regression predicting FM match. Twenty-four percent of participants matched into FM residency programs whereas only 13% of nonparticipants and 13% of nonapplicants selected FM (chi(2) = 24.97; P < .001). There was not a statistically significant difference between the proportion of participants and nonparticipants who matched into primary care (chi(2) = 0.12; P = .73). Odds ratio results of logistic regression for participants compared with nonapplicants matching into FM was 2.7 (95% CI, 2.0-3.6; P < .001). Preceptorship program participants were more likely than both nonparticipants and nonapplicants to select a FM residency.

A new synonymy and a new species of Mydidae (Diptera) from Madagascar

Kondratieff et al. (2005) proposed a new genus of mydas fly, Hessemydas from Madagascar and included two new species, H. parkeri Kondratieff, Carr and Irwin and H. tulear Kondratieff, Carr and Irwin. Additionally, the previously described Leptomydas seyrigi Séguy, the only mydas fly previously known from the island was placed in Hessemydas. Séguy (1960) originally described this species from a single male collected at Behara. Kondratieff et al. (2005) indicated that despite numerous inquires to the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, the holotype of L. seyrigi was unavailable for examination. However, recently, through the courtesy of Christophe Daugeron, the holotype was located and made available for examination. Unfortunately, H. tulear was determined to be a junior subjective synonym of H. seyrigi. Also recently, Norman D. Penny, California Academy of Sciences made additional specimens of mydas flies available from Madagascar for determination. Among this material, a new species of Hessemydas was discovered and is described below.

Echinoderm (Echinodermata) diversity in the Pacific coast of Central America

We present a systematic list of the echinoderms of Central America Pacific coast and offshore island, based on specimens of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., the Invertebrate Zoology and Geology collections of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, the Museo de Zoologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose and published accounts. A total of 287 echinoderm species are recorded, distributed in 162 genera, 73 families and 28 orders. Ophiuroidea (85) and Holothuroidea (68) are the most diverse classes, while Panama (253 species) and Costa Rica (107 species) have the highest species richness. Honduras and Guatemala show the highest species similarity, also being less rich. Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador y Nicaragua are represented by the most common nearshore species. Due to their coastal heterogeneity, Costa Rica and Panama are the richest places, with Panama also being the place where more research has been done. The current composition of echinoderms is the result of the sampling effort made in each country, recent political history and the coastal heterogeneity.

Records of the Pacific Bearded Brotula, Brotula clarkae, from Southern California

The genus Brotula (Family: Ophidiidae) is characterized as having a circumtropical and subtropical marine distribution (Hubbs 1944; Nielsen et al. 1999). Two species are known from the Eastern Pacific: Fore-spotted Brotula (Brotula ordwayi Hildebrand & Barton, 1949) and Pacific Bearded Brotula (Brotula clarkae Hubbs, 1944). Of the two species, Brotula clarkae is more common and is known from higher, more subtropical latitudes in both hemispheres. Recently, Brotula flaviviridis was described by Greenfield (2005) from the Fiji Islands; however, this species appears to be a Fiji archipelago endemic or perhaps a species of limited distribution in the Central Pacific. Love et al. (2005) noted that the Pacific Bearded Brotula is found in the Eastern Tropical Pacific from Cabo San Lazaro, Baja California Sur to Paita, Peru, including Gulf of California, at depths of 1–645 m. On 24 July 2001, fishes from the southern California Spot Prawn (Pandalus platyceros) trap fishery were collected by the California Department of Fish and Game for ongoing studies concerning related by-catch. A sample, consisting of various rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) and a large Spotted Cusk-eel (Chilara taylori), was collected from the fishing vessel Stephanie D. The traps for this sample were set about eight nautical miles (14.8 km) west of Point Loma, San Diego County, lat 33u09.39 N, long 117u26.79 W, in ca. 122 fathoms (223 m). The entire sample was sent to the senior author (RNL) for confirmation and documentation. Upon examination of these fishes, it was apparent that the ‘‘Spotted Cusk-eel’’ was not this species but was in fact a member of the genus Brotula and was identified specifically as B. clarkae. This specimen (Fig. 1) is deposited in the Department of Ichthyology at California Academy of Sciences (CAS uncatalogued) and tissue resides in the Marine Vertebrate Collection, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO 02-95). On 6 March 2003 a second specimen of Brotula was collected by the third author (WP), of the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, off the Palos Verdes Shelf, Los Angeles County, lat 33u41.89 N, long 118u20.09 W, at Station T5, from 65 m. During recovery and routine maintenance of a thermister array by the research vessel Ocean Sentinel, the specimen was found in the steel base of the array. The fish did not appear to be any of the expected locally caught species and was later identified as Brotula clarkae. This specimen is catalogued in the Marine Vertebrate Collection as SIO 07-67 (Fig. 2). Morphometric and meristic information on these two Californian specimens are included in Table 1. Both fish are typical Brotula clarkae and are easily differentiated from B. ordwayi by pattern of coloration, counts, and morphometry (Hildebrand and Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 108(3), 2009, pp. 163–167 E Southern California Academy of Sciences, 2009

Annual Meeting of the Southern California Academy of Sciences

Annual Meeting of the Southern California Academy of Sciences

Greening the Profession

In 1993 Elizabeth Hoffman and I published an article in this journal tided Toward an Art Education of Place. We theorized that an art education of place is possible by infusing community-based art education with a bioregional perspective. Our thinking in this regard was partly influenced through our association with colleagues in the School of Architecture and Allied Arts at the University of Oregon who were preparing architects, landscape architects, and community planners. Emphasis within the school was, and continues to be, routinely placed on environmental design and education. The school's stated mission promotes faulty, student and staff accountability for their actions on environmental, social, and cultural systems. The school's systemically oriented mission is in keeping with a bioregionalism emphasizing natural, cultural, and social environments toward a shared identity in the bioregion known as Cascadia.The architects, landscape architects, and community planners with whom I work are noted in their fields for their leadership in research and teaching around sustainability. Sustainability has become frequendy and possibly overused in public discourse about the environment. As a concept it seems generally undertheorized in its application. The literature associated with Architecture can be helpful in this regard. For example, Guy and Farmer (200 1 ) oudine six competing logics associated with sustainable architecture. Each of the six logics is considered in relationship to space, the source of environmental knowledge, building image, technologies, and concept of place. Guy and Farmer discuss the implications of these logics on architectural education, practice, and research. PyIa (2009) , in response to the growing enthusiasm for sustainable Architecture, cautions that the profession must seek a nuanced understanding of the concept's history because such an understanding offers the critical tools to help architects detect the blind spots, anticipate the drawbacks or discern the subtexts of emerging strategies (pp. 1-2).In the midst of this critical discourse, the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) proposes a set of standards for environmentally sustainable construction. Known as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), these standards address building sites, water systems, energy/ atmosphere, materials, indoor environmental quality, and the design process (USGBC, 2009c). There are LEED projects in all 50 states of the US as well as 91 countries (USGBC, 2009b). Building projects seeking LEED certification are judged by specific criteria related to the above and awarded points for meeting or surpassing the standards. Points can be earned for providing educational programs and interpretive materials to the public about sustainable design. Based on the number of points earned, buildings are certified silver, gold, or platinum. LEED is now being routinely applied to new construction as well as creative re-use of building associated with schools and cultural organizations among others. The USGBC hosts a specific website dedicated to building green schools (USGBC, 2009a) and educational institutions are identified as one the top three sectors for the construction of green building (USGBC, 2009b). The USGBC also publishes resources for both K- 12 and higher education (USGBC, 2009d). Notable recent examples of LEED certified buildings that I have experienced first-hand in Portland, Oregon are the University of Oregon White Stag Block (Gold) and the Pordand Center Stage Armory (Platinum). Both of these buildings are historical structures that demonstrate that sustainable design can enhance form and does not compromise function or historical significance. Among cultural institutions internationally, the building that is currently garnering a great deal of attention is the California Academy of Sciences Museum (Platinum) located in San Francisco. Designed by Lorenzo Piano, this museum includes a living roof along with other attributes demonstrating how buildings and the programs that they house promote sustainability. …

Under One Green Roof

The new California Academy of Sciences building, in San Francisco, has been called the greenest museum in the world because of its undulating, 2.5 acre (1 ha) vegetated roof, its emphasis on environmental sustainability, and its energy-saving technologies. The innovative structure combines a natural history museum, an aquarium, a planetarium, and scientific research operations within one facility.

Explore Sea, Sky, and Earth at New Science Academy

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Information on Host CityFull AccessExplore Sea, Sky, and Earth at New Science AcademyMark MoranMark MoranSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:20 Feb 2009https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.44.4.0023Not yet a year old, the new home of the California Academy of Sciences is already a must-see San Francisco landmark. The academy is a remarkable merger of architecture and purpose, a green-friendly structure located in Golden Gate Park offering a home for a natural-history museum, planetarium, and aquarium as well as a thriving scientific research enterprise—all devoted to advancing understanding of planetary biodiversity.The academy, which was founded in 1853, is an international leader in scientific research about the natural world. In 1891 it opened the Kimball Natural History Museum to showcase its specimens (although it had some small public exhibits prior to this), and in 1923 it opened Stein-hart Aquarium; the Morrison Planetarium was opened in 1952.The new structure, designed by internationally renowned architect Renzo Piano, houses these landmark attractions plus many new ones. It opened to the public last September and has quickly become a popular destination.One of 10 “green building” projects of the San Francisco Department of the Environment, the new academy is part of a city initiative to develop models for workable, sustainable, public architecture.One of the more distinctive features of the new academy is the 2.5-acre“ living roof”—a natural-grass roof with a landscape of rolling hills to mimic the topography of San Francisco itself.“With the new academy, we are creating a museum that is visually and functionally linked to its natural surroundings, metaphorically lifting up a piece of the park and putting a building underneath,” said Piano in a statement released at the building's opening. “Through sustainable architecture and innovative design, we are adding a vital new element to Golden Gate Park and expressing the academy's dedication to environmental responsibility.”APA members visiting the academy during APA's annual meeting will want to note that on Tuesday, May 19, Academy Fellow Sarah Hardy, Ph.D., will present the lecture “Darwin and the Descent of the Emotionally Modern Man” at 7 p.m. Entry is for the lecture only; the rest of the academy will be closed. Tickets are $10 for adults, $8 for seniors, and can be purchased by phone at (800) 794-7576 or online at<www.calacademy.org/events>. Every third Wednesday of the month addmission to the academy is free between 9:30 a.m. and 4 p.m., so consider visiting on Wednesday, May 20. On Thursdays from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m., the academy sponsors“ NightLife,” during which visitors can explore the exhibits after hours while enjoying music and a cash bar. No one under 18 is permitted, and valid identification is required for entry. Tickets are $10.Regular exhibits include an impressive line-up of attractions. These are just some of them:African Hall: “The original African Hall opened at the academy in 1934 and quickly became one of San Francisco's best-loved attractions,” according to the academy's Web site. “To preserve a piece of its history, the academy saved two of the exterior walls of the original hall and recreated the original dioramas in meticulous detail.”Early Explorers Cove: Infants, toddlers, and their caregivers should be intrigued by this introduction to the natural world.Morrison Planetarium: Every hour on the half-hour from 11:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. there is a showing of “Fragile Planet,” a half-hour film narrated by actress Sigourney Weaver. Tickets are handed out on a first-come, first-served basis for this very popular attraction.Naturalist Center: The library and research collections are housed here, including some 210,000 books, 25,000 maps, 300,000 images, and 20 million animals, plants, minerals, and cultural artifacts.Water Planet: “Silvery, sculpted walls and dramatic lighting create a media-rich interactive exhibit about the critical relationship between water and life,” according to the academy. “Exhibit favorites include leafy and weedy sea dragons, medicinal leeches, Australian lungfish, and giant salamanders.”Admission to the California Academy of Sciences is $24.95 for adults, $19.95 for youth aged 12 to 17 and seniors aged 65 and over, and $14.95 for children aged 7 to 11. Children under age 7 are admitted free. Prices include access to all components of the academy experience, including all museum exhibits, aquarium displays, planetarium shows, and the living rainforest. A discount of $3 per person is available for taking public transportation to the academy.More information is posted at<www.calacademy.org>.▪ ISSUES NewArchived

Not to Be Missed

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article From the PresidentFull AccessNot to Be MissedNada Stotland, M.D., M.P.H.Nada StotlandSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., M.P.H.Published Online:20 Feb 2009https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.44.4.0003Credit: David HathcoxIt's been a tough year; you need to enjoy the APA annual meeting. I know you have to pay back student loans/put your kids through school/pay the mortgage/keep your job or your practice. But that's all the more reason to get educated, recharged, networked—and have a break from routine.Our meeting is the biggest, most inclusive, most useful, and probably best value for the money in the world. You can get a year's worth of education. You can review the basics or venture into a new area of interest. You can hear and meet the colleagues whose work you read in books and journals. Don't get overwhelmed by the embarrassment of riches; cut the giant meeting down to size by following interest tracks. Look through this issue and select the sessions of most interest ahead of time. Then allow yourself the freedom to have coffee with a friend you run into or follow a friend who suggests a topic or speaker on the spot. You don't have to leave your family behind. Bring them along to enjoy the diverse neighborhoods, museums, boat rides, cable cars, and fresh seafood. Spend some quality time.On Saturday afternoon, May 16, our American Psychiatric Foundation, in collaboration with the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco, will offer an educational session for the general public. That evening the foundation will hold its annual benefit at the San Francisco Ferry Building beginning at 7 p.m.I have added some bells and whistles to the Opening Session on Sunday afternoon, May 17. Look for Chinese drummers and dancers to mark the occasion.Presidential symposia on the afternoons of Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, May 18 to 20, will cover issues that are controversial, timely, and of particular interest to me. Dr. Gisele Apter from Paris will chair a session on psychiatric care within the health care systems of other countries. Dr. Gail Robinson will chair a symposium on male and female aspects of fertility. Dr. Carolyn Robinowitz has planned a session on the psychiatric needs and treatment of returning members of the military and their families. Dr. Sherry Katz-Bearnot's faculty will discuss “when the treatment fails the patient.” Those who remember the days of “flower children” and the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic can learn what's happened with that pioneering project. Because we will be in San Francisco, and the beautiful Golden Gate Bridge is the world's most popular site for suicides, there will be both a presidential symposium and a lecture by experts on suicide. And Drs. Paul Appelbaum and Laura Roberts will report on their work considering the pros and cons of, and ways to handle, psychiatrists' relationships with the pharmaceutical industry.We are introducing a new series of full-day courses, called the Clinical Knowledge and Skills Series, to inform the work you do every day. Learn from Dr. Jesse Wright about CBT; learn from Dr. Glen Gabbard about practical psychodynamic psychotherapy. Prepare for Part I of your psychiatry board exams with a full-day review. Watch residents compete in “MindGames.” There is something for everyone.My husband and I have two daughters, one son-in-law, and three grandchildren in the Bay Area and know this unique city quite well. There are the Victorian houses with their creatively painted gingerbread trimmings. The steep hills provide both exercise and beautiful views over the bay, the Golden Gate Bridge, and even that (in)famous former prison on an island, Alcatraz. The Giants' baseball park is spectacularly situated right at the edge of San Francisco Bay; you need a boat to go after a ball that's hit out of the park. Children can learn science hands on at the California Academy of Science. You can shop within a few blocks of the Moscone Center at all the major stores or venture a little farther and explore boutiques of every kind. The markets in Chinatown and Japantown offer fruits and vegetables I had never seen. The weather is beautiful in May. Sit outside and have a cappuccino or visit Fisherman's Wharf, buy a dish of shrimp or crab from a sidewalk vendor, and stroll around.So let me repeat what I said at the beginning. There is no field more fascinating than psychiatry. We are privileged to help suffering people maintain or recover their relationships, their jobs, and their joy. To do that, we share their pain. We wrack our brains. We advocate for them with government agencies and managed care companies. We all need and deserve time to refresh our knowledge, regain our zest, explore new areas, see old friends, breathe sea air, and eat some good meals. Don't miss the meeting. ▪ ISSUES NewArchived

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a novel pathogen approaching endemism in central California

The recent emergence of amphibian chytridiomycosis has precipitated competing hypotheses regarding the endemic versus novel nature of the causative agent, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We conducted a retrospective survey of the California Academy of Sciences' (San Francisco, California, USA) amphibian collection, testing for presence of Bd in 4 amphibian species collected from central California between 1897 and 2005. The earliest detection of Bd was found in 2 Rana catesbeiana in 1961, and the data support the hypothesis that Bd was a novel pathogen introduced into central California prior to 1961 that spread out geographically and taxonomically from at least one central location and is now endemic throughout most of central California. The taxonomic pattern of infection prevalence and the ecological constraints of the 4 species we tested suggest that, although Bd was initially detected in R. catesbeiana, the more efficient and most likely local vector for Bd in central California is actually Pseudacris regilla.

Lifelong Safari: The Story of a 93-Year-Old Peripatetic Insect Hunter

Edward Shearman Ross' lifelong interest in insects began in his youth in San Francisco and was encouraged by his artist father. He attended Linfield College, which was endowed by his family, and then transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, to major in entomology, where he was E.O. Essig's teaching assistant. Before his PhD was conferred, he was employed as curator of insects at the California Academy of Sciences. During World War II, he served as Commanding Officer of an army malaria survey unit in combat zones of New Guinea and the Philippines. A Guggenheim Grant enabled Ross to photograph insects in Amazonian forests. As he searched for embiids in Mexico, Central and South America, and throughout Africa, India, Asia, and Australia, he photographed tribal peoples. He produced scientific and popular articles and taught insect biology at U.C. Berkeley. After 70 years at the Academy, he continues to work in his home lab and office and curate the 350,000 embiid specimens.

Herpetological bibliography and scientific name index to the Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, volumes 1-90, 1901-1991 and the Memoirs 1-10, 1938-1986

Herpetological Bibliography and Scientific Name Index to the Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Volumes 1-90, 1901-1991 and the Memoirs 1-10, 1938-1986. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, no. 139, 2009.

Revision der neotypischen Gattung Metynnis COPE, 1878. II. Beschreibung zweier neuer Arten und zum Status von Metynnis goeldii EIGENMANN, 1903 (Teleostei: Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)

Metynnis longipinnis sp. n. – a new species of Silverdollar from the río Casiquiare drainage in Venezuela is described. The new species is closely related to Metynnis hypsauchen (MÜLLER &amp; TROSCHEL, 1844) according to its features (1) high number of gill-rakers, (2) long adipose fin, (3) deep body, (4) short head and (5) long occipitale and is clearly defined because of (1) the high number of serrae (36–37 vs. 27–32 of M. hypsauchen), (2) the small scales (91–93 vs. about 75–83), (3) uniformly silver colouration and (4) the extremely elongated dorsal fin and anal fin. From Metynnis altidorsalis AHL, 1924 the new species is clearly differentiated by its (1) number of gill-rakers (30–33 vs. 20–25 for M. altidorsalis), (2) the number of branched anal rays (37–40 vs. 32–37 for M. altidorsalis), (3) the number of serrae (36–37 vs. 29–35 for M. altidorsalis) and (4) the length of the occipitale (18.94–20.78 % SL vs. 11.7–15.6 for M. altidorsalis). Further on M. longipinnis sp. n. has a longer adipose fin (20.00–20.78 % SL vs. 11.8–16.2 for M. altidorsalis) and an elongation of the rays of dorsal and anal fin (vs. not elongated for M. altidorsalis). M. luna COPE, 1878, M. orinocensis (STEINDACHNER, 1908) and M. guaporensis EIGENMANN, 1915 are differentiated by its higher number of gill-rakers and lager head length. M. lippincottianus (COPE, 1870) has a completely different colouration. Metynnis polystictus sp. n. – a new species of Silverdollar from the río Xingu in Brazil is described. The new species is closely related to Metynnis anisurus AHL, 1924, which is considered as valid. M. polystictus sp. n. is clearly differentiated from M. anisurus by its (1) colouration (body without spots in M. anisurus vs. two different kinds of spots in M. polystictus sp. n.) and (2) the enlarged lower lobe of caudal fin (developed in M. anisurus vs. absent in M. polystictus sp. n.). The Synonymy of Metynnis goeldii EIGENMANN, 1903 with Metynnis lippincottinianus (COPE, 1870) could be confi rmed, because of the rediscovery of a syntype of Metynnis goeldii EIGENMANN, 1903 in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco).

A Letter from the Executive Director of the California Academy of Sciences

Curator: The Museum JournalVolume 51, Issue 4 p. 343-344 A Letter from the Executive Director of the California Academy of Sciences Gregory C. Farrington, Gregory C. Farrington Gregory C. Farrington is Executive Director and holds the William R. and Gretchen B. Kimball Chair at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.Search for more papers by this author Gregory C. Farrington, Gregory C. Farrington Gregory C. Farrington is Executive Director and holds the William R. and Gretchen B. Kimball Chair at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.Search for more papers by this author First published: 15 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.2008.tb00318.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume51, Issue4October 2008Pages 343-344 RelatedInformation