Calculations Research Articles

Do regular- and nano-sized hydrated lime have different mechanisms in asphalt?

Currently, most highway agencies use hydrated lime, or specially referred as Regular-sized Hydrated Lime (RHL) as a multifunctional additive, especially to mitigate moisture damage of the asphalt mix. Previous physical studies by the authors have addressed the potential benefits of using the Nano-sized Hydrated Lime (NHL) over the RHL in the asphalt-aggregate system. However, the hydrated lime (RHL and NHL) mechanisms in asphalt-aggregate system, to be fully addressed, should be studied using physical and chemical investigations. One of the objectives this paper is to present a state-of-the-art of the mechanisms of hydrated lime in asphalt-aggregate system to highlight the aspects of such complex mechanisms based on previous studies performed on the RHL. Also, a developed methodology using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique that was further supported by quantum chemical calculations was employed to quantify the hydrated lime reactive group (hydroxyl group, O-H) within the hydrated lime (RHL and NHL)-modified asphalt binder in an attempt to present a fundamental basis behind the effect of particle size on the chemistry of hydrated lime-asphalt system. In line with the physical results obtained from related studies, the hydrated lime particle size is a contributing factor to its functionality in the asphalt-aggregate system.

APPLICATION PROBABILISTIC ECONOMIC MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR OPTIMIZATION PLANNING OF AN IRREDUCIBLE STOCK AND IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF LOGISTICS SUPPLY MANAGEMENT OF THE STATE DEFENCE FORCES WITHOUT REDUSING THE LEVEL OF RELIABILITY

Предметом вивчення в статті є логістичне забезпечення сил оборони держави. Метою дослiдження є розробка ймовірнісної економіко-математичної моделі управління запасами для планування незнижувального запасу засобів матеріально-технічного забезпечення сил оборони держави. Завдання дослідження: сформулювати задачу визначення розміру незнижувального (резервного) запасу матеріально-технічних засобів за умови, що максимально можливе значення ймовірності його вичерпання протягом визначеного періоду не перевищить граничного значення у термінах економіко-математичної моделі Уілсона; шляхом статистичної обробки даних спостережень дій сил оборони держави при виконанні ними завдань за призначенням представити задачу визначення оптимального незнижувального запасу за видами витрат засобів матеріально-технічного забезпечення без зниження рівня надійності як задачу перевірки багатоальтернативних статистичних гіпотез; на підставі розв’язання задачі континуального лінійного програмування визначити оптимальний незнижувального запасу відповідно характеру витрат з метою підвищення ефективності управління логістичним забезпеченням сил оборони держави засобами матеріально-технічного забезпечення. Методологічною основою дослідження стали загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи наукового пізнання. Отримані такі результати . Витрати запасів матеріально-технічних засобів при виконанні силами оборони держави завдань за призначенням протягом певного періоду часу є нормально розподіленою випадковою величиною з математичним очікуванням та середнєквадратичним відхиленням, обрахованими за результатами статистичної обробки даних. Задача визначення оптимального незнижувального запасу за видами витрат матеріально-технічних засобів без зниження рівня надійності сформульована як задача перевірки багатоальтернативних статистичних гіпотез та розв’язана як задача континуального лінійного програмування. Висновки. Визначення розміру незнижувального (резервного) запасу матеріально-технічних засобів підрозділів сил оборони держави при виконанні ними завдань за призначенням за умови, що максимально можливе значення ймовірності його вичерпання протягом визначеного періоду не перевищить граничного значення доцільно сформулювати у термінах економіко-математичної моделі Уілсона. Припущення про те, що витрати запасів матеріально-технічних засобів при виконанні силами оборони держави при виконанні завдань за призначенням, є випадковою величиною, підкореною нормальному закону розподілу, дозволить скористатися відомим апаратом теорії імовірності та перевірки багато альтернативних статистичних гіпотез та робити розрахунки за даними існуючої статистичної вибірки. Статистична обробка даних, отриманих при виконанні силами оборони держави завдань за призначенням дає змогу отримати вихідні дані та обрахувати прогнозовані оптимальні ймовірності розподілу витрат матеріально-технічних засобів відповідно до поточного, середнього, капітального ремонту та безповоротних втрат.

Design and Simulation of Half Wave-dipole Antenna for LTE Applications Using CST microwave Studio

One of the most important and widely used Radio frequency (RF) antennas is the dipole antenna. This is commonly used on its own and is also integrated into many other prototypes of the RF antenna, where it is the guiding factor for the antenna. An effort has been made in this project to study the latest half wave dipole antenna for LTE Applications. The dipole antenna, which is nearly one-half wavelength long, is known as the half-wave dipole antenna. The antenna was designed for resonating at the frequency of 2.6 GHz. For the simulation and design calculations CST is used. In this project various factors of antenna such as the return loss, standing wave ratio from Smith charts, Real power Vs Frequency, VSWR, E-field and H-field distribution, gain and radiation pattern are also evaluated.

Análise integrada morfométrica e de ocupação em pequenas Bacias Hidrográficas: Estudo de caso do Córrego Santa Maria, Conceição de Ipanema-MG

A análise integrada de bacias hidrográficas, com ênfase nos parâmetros morfométricos e nos dados levantados com a avaliação do uso e ocupação do solo consiste em um importante e indispensável método de caracterização do comportamento hidrológico de um dado território, que subsidia a gestão e a tomada de decisões voltadas para a conservação desses ambientes. Neste sentido, o trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar a bacia hidrográfica do córrego Santa Maria, Conceição de Ipanema, MG. O estudo aborda a implantação de técnicas para análises morfométricas com vistas na determinação das características físicas da bacia por meio de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG). A metodologia contou com o uso de Imagens de Satélite, Cartas Topográficas, Software ArcGis e com a realização de cálculos variados de índices de morfometria. Os resultados demonstraram que o universo de estudo trata-se de uma bacia de 4ª ordem, com tendência a um formato mais alongado, média capacidade de drenagem, expressiva permeabilidade e baixo nível de propensão a cheias. Já as características do uso e cobertura do solo evidenciam que 65,23% da sua extensão referem-se a áreas de pastagem, 33,25% correspondem à vegetação nativa e apenas 1,52% são locais que apresentam seu solo exposto. Concluiu-se a evidente necessidade da execução da recomposição vegetal das zonas ripárias com vistas na manutenção da qualidade e quantidade de água na região, bem como, a preservação de espécies nativas e o adequado manejo do uso e ocupação do solo.

Very Fast Load Flow Calculation Using Fast-Decoupled Reactive Power Compensation Method for Radial Active Distribution Networks in Smart Grid Environment Based on Zooming Algorithm

Distribution load flow (DLF) calculation is one of the most important tools in distribution networks. DLF tools must be able to perform fast calculations in real-time studies at the presence of distributed generators (DGs) in a smart grid environment even in conditions of change in the network topology. In this paper, a new method for DLF in radial active distribution networks is proposed. The method performs a very fast DLF using zooming algorithm associated with a fast-decoupled reactive power compensation (ZAFDRC) technique, not in all of the buses of the grid, causes to reduce the solution time, which is the most important issue in the real-time studies. The proposed method is based on the zooming algorithm and does not require to calculate the bus-injection to branch-current (BIBC) matrix which reduces the computational burden and helps to decrease the solution time. The method is tested on the IEEE 69-bus systems as a balanced network and the IEEE 123-bus as a very unbalanced system. The results confirm the high accuracy and high speed of the proposed method.

New catalyst for biodiesel formation: Synthesis, structural elucidation and quantum chemical calculations of new Ni(II) complexes

New Ni(II) complexes were synthesized from the coordination of the ligands derived from benzo[1,2-c]isoxazoles with Ni(II) cation.. The structure of the new complexes was characterized by elemental analyses, mass, and IR spectra. To gain a deeper insight into the geometry of Ni(II) complexes, the quantum chemical investigation was performed. The obtained results from experimental and theoretical arguments confirmed a square-planar geometry for Ni(II) complexes. These complexes were examined as homogeneous catalysts for the transesterification of corn oil with methanol. The structure of the obtained product was confirmed by 1H NMR analysis. The catalytic results showed that the new Ni(II) complexes can be considered as potential candidates for the development of new catalytic system for biodiesel production.

Impactos energéticos e ambientais do uso de sistemas solares fotovoltaicos para carregamento de carros elétricos em postos de abastecimento no Brasil

Esse trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o aproveitamento da energia solar para carregamentos de carros elétricos com objetivo de avaliar a economia de energia elétrica para Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN) e a redução de gases do efeito estufa pela implantação de sistemas fotovoltaicos on-grid em postos de recarga no Brasil. Para o abastecimento diário de dois veículos modelo Caoa Cherry Arrizo 5e com recarga de bateria de 50kW durante o período de uma hora, realizou-se o dimensionamento de sistemas on-grid para todos os postos de cada estado do Brasil, cadastrados na Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP), considerando dados das capitais brasileiras. Os cálculos do dimensionamento resultam em uma economia para o SIN por meio de geração distribuída de 1.436.683 MWh/ano de energia produzida pelos postos de abastecimento. No quesito ambiental, verifica-se com uma redução nas emissões de gases do efeito estufa de 107.751,24 toneladas de por ano. As conclusões obtidas por meio da análise dos resultados evidenciam os benefícios alcançados com a implantação dos sistemas.

Первая волна крестьянской ссылки в Сибири: расчеты и просчеты (январь – апрель 1930 года)

Первая волна крестьянской ссылки в Сибири: расчеты и просчеты (январь – апрель 1930 года)

COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate: Misapprehended Calculations

Krishna Prasad Acharya1 , Ranjit Sah2* , Supram Hosuru Subramanya3 , Dinesh Neupane4, Binay Kumar Panjiyar2, Ali A. Rabaan5, Kranti Suresh Vora6,7, SenthilKumar Natesan6, Kuldeep Dhama8 and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales9,10,11*Article: 6576 | Pages: 1675-1679 Abstract|Full Text| PDF| XML https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.3.05

Conhecimentos dos graduandos do curso de Enfermagem na interpretação da gasometria arterial em um centro universitário do interior de Pernambuco

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos formandos em enfermagem em um Centro Universitário, localizado no Agreste Pernambucano sobre a interpretação da gasometria. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada em um centro universitário localizado no interior de Pernambuco. A amostra final foi composta por 114 graduandos de enfermagem. Para a avaliação foi utilizado o questionário composto com 16 questões com dados sociodemográgicos e de estudo. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se estatística descritiva, através de distribuições absolutas e percentuais. O programa utilizado para digitação dos dados e obtenção dos cálculos estatísticos foi o programa StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences (SPSS) na versão 15. Após a análise dos dados foi identificado que a 77,2% dos alunos que participaram da pesquisa são do sexo feminino, 51,8% possuem idade de 20 a 25 anos, 75,4%, possuem status de relacionamento, solteiro. Também foi possível evidenciar que 62,3% são alunos matriculados no nono período, 58,8% estudam no turno da tarde e 82% já haviam realizado estágio prático. Quanto á coleta da gasometria arterial 54,4% já havia realizado o procedimento e 67,5% sentiam-se inseguros no procedimento. Por fim foi evidenciado que um número considerável de estudantes, minoria, não conseguiram responder a diversos questionamentos, sendo eles específicos da coleta e interpretação da gasometria arterial.

Guided wave field calculation in anisotropic layered structures using normal mode expansion method

The guided wave technique is commonly used in structural health monitoring as the guided waves can propagate far in the structures without much energy loss. The guided waves are conventionally generated by the surface-mounted piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS). However, there is still lack of understanding of the wave propagation in layered structures, especially in structures made of anisotropic materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. In this paper, the Rayleigh-Lamb wave strain tuning curves in a PWAS-mounted unidirectional CFRP plate are analytically derived using the normal mode expansion (NME) method. The excitation frequency spectrum is then multiplied by the tuning curves to calculate the frequency response spectrum. The corresponding time domain responses are obtained through the inverse Fourier transform. The theoretical calculations are validated through finite element analysis and an experimental study. The PWAS responses under the free, debonded and bonded CFRP conditions are investigated and compared. The results demonstrate that the amplitude and travelling time of wave packet can be used to evaluate the CFRP bonding conditions. The method can work on a baseline-free manner.

The Rr Form of the Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner Model Equations for Description of the Membrane Transport in Concentration Polarization Conditions

The paper presents the matrix form of Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner equations for membrane transport of the non-homogeneous ternary non-electrolyte solutions. Peusner’s coefficients and det [] (i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}, r = A, B) occurring in these equations, were calculated for Nephrophan biomembrane, glucose in aqueous ethanol solutions and two different settings of the solutions relative to the horizontally oriented membrane for concentration polarization conditions or homogeneity of solutions. Kedem–Katchalsky coefficients, measured for homogeneous and non-homogeneous solutions, were used for the calculations. The calculated Peusner’s coefficients for homogeneous solutions depend linearly, and for non-homogeneous solutions non-linearly on the concentrations of solutes. The concentration dependences of the coefficients and det [] indicate a characteristic glucose concentration of 9.24 mol/m3 (at a fixed ethanol concentration) in which the obtained curves for Configurations A and B intersect. At this point, the density of solutions in the upper and lower membrane chamber are the same. Peusner’s coefficients were used to assess the effect of concentration polarization and free convection on membrane transport (the ξij coefficient), determine the degree of coupling (the coefficient) and coupling parameter (the coefficient) and energy conversion efficiency (the coefficient).

Techno-economic Feasibility of Thermochemical Conversion Pathways for Regional Agricultural Waste Biomass

This study examines four prominent thermochemical conversion technologies such as slow pyrolysis (SP), fast pyrolysis (FP), gasification (GA) and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), for treating poultry litter in New York State (NYS). Nine cases involving various combinations of the four technologies and different downstream processing options such as bio-oil upgrading, Fischer-Tropsch conversion and combined heat and power generation are chosen based on the product composition and distribution. High-fidelity process simulations for each technological platform are performed to derive the mass and energy balance information. Calculations and breakdown of the equipment costs, capital costs, operating and maintenance costs and utilities are provided and compared extensively for each of the nine cases. The economic performance is further analyzed by calculating and comparing the resultant net present values (NPV), ranging from $10 M to $170 M (SP), $89 M to $314.5 M (FP), $28 M to $196 M (HTL) and $25 M to $234 M (GA). The greenhouse gas emission inventories are also compiled to understand the corresponding impacts of different downstream processing choices (ranging from 217 to 494.5 kg CO2-eq/t feedstock with both the pyrolysis technologies outperforming the others in most cases) and to highlight the trade-off with economic performance. Through sensitivity analysis, the influential factors requiring further investigation are identified and it is found that plant capacity and bio-oil yield are the most important parameters for the fast pyrolysis systems, biochar price for SP is the single most important parameter.

Absorption of Carbon Dioxide with Hot Potassium Carbonate Solution: Modeling and Statistical Analysis of Known Experimental Data

The process of absorbing carbon dioxide with an aqueous solution of hot potassium carbonate is widely used in industry for gas purification. The results of numerical modelling of the process are compared with a limited set of experimental data in well-known works. In this paper, a mathematical model of the process in a packed absorber is developed; fitting parameters are taken on the basis of processing known experimental data. The model is based on the equations of heat and mass transfer. Main characteristics: concentrations of substances and temperatures in the liquid and gas phases, depend on one coordinate z directed along the height of the absorber. The heat and mass transfer coefficients were calculated using the Onda formulas. The CO2 equilibrium at the liquid-gas interface was determined by Sechenov relation. The adequacy of the model was checked by comparing the calculations of carbon dioxide concentration along the absorber with the known experimental data not included in the sample from which the model parameters were determined. The numerical dependences of the CO2 content in the scrubbed gas on the physical characteristics of the process are obtained.

ANALISIS RASIO INETERNAL PERUSAHAAN YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR PERBANKAN KONVENSIONAL

The bank's financial performance can be assessed from several indicators, one of the main indicators used as the basis for the assessment is the bank's financial statements. Based on the financial statements, a number of financial ratios can be calculated which are commonly used as a basis for assessing the soundness of a bank. Financial ratios are the results of calculations of bank financial data, which are used to explain the relationship between financial data. Financial ratios that can measure financial performance, can be referred to as internal ratios. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Net Interest Margin (NIM), Net Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on Return on Assets (ROA). The study uses quantitative methods by taking samples of conventional commercial banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2018. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling with a sample of 19 banking companies. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis with panel data regression models using eviews 10. The results showed that the Net Interest Margin (NIM) had a significant positive effect on Return On Assets (ROA), so that banking companies had to keep NIM at a high ratio by maintaining loan asset quality and operating expense efficiency; Non Performing Loans (NPLs) have a significant negative effect on profitability (ROA), so as to increase Return On Assets (ROA) banking companies must keep their Net Performing Loans (NPLs) at a low ratio by suppressing the existence of problem loans through loan restructuring; Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR) has no effect on Return On Assets (ROA), so that banking companies must increase lending so that profits from loan interest obtained will increase, but lending must be done prudentially and compliance so as not to cause non-performing loans; and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has no effect on profitability (ROA), so banks must improve efficiency and reduce problem financing.

Cyclometalated Ni(II) Complexes [Ni(N∧C∧N)X] of the Tridentate 2,6-di(2-pyridyl)phen-ide Ligand

A series of cyclometalated Ni(II) complexes [Ni(PyPhPy)X] containing anionic N∧C∧N– tridentate ligand Py(Ph–)Py 2,6-di(2-pyridyl)benzene-1-ide, (Py(HPh)Py = 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene) and X = Cl, Br...

Inventing Damage Fishing Results on Pole and Line Ship

In this study there are three objectives studied namely; characteristics of the vessels used, ways of catching and handling of fish on board, as well as knowing the opinions of ABK by using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire and tested using a Likert scale. Based on the results of the study note that the characteristics of the ship used are the ships used are traditional designs or following the design of the WWF-Indonesia TEAM (2015) where the location of the pila (angler) is on the bow of the ship. The method of catching is carried out namely, boy or bait thrower attracts fish's attention by using live bait and spray water to fool the fish's view. Fish that have been obtained are directly raised to the ship by throwing at different heights. The results of calculations using the Likert scale note that the percentage of opinions of the respondents who filled out the questionnaire was 48%. The percentage is at the normal point where the way of arrest can be dangerous or can be safe.

Determination of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals and Spiked Human Urine through Diazotization Reaction

Three simple, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods were described for the determination of metoclopramide (MCP) in its pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked human urine. The titrimetric methods were based on the diazotization reaction involving the primary amine group of MCP and NaNO2 in acid medium with visual (method A) and potentiometric (method B) end point detection. The spectrophotometric method (method C) depends upon the diazotization of MCP in acid medium followed by coupling with diphenylamine to give a red colored chromogen with a wavelength of maximum absorption at 530 nm. The experimental conditions were optimized. Both the titrimetric methods were applicable over the concentration range of 1.0-20.0 mg and the calculations were based on a 1 : 1 (MCP: NaNO2) reaction stoichiometry. In the spectrophotometric method, Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range or 0.3-7.5 ug/mL with a molar absorptivity of 4.73 x 10^4 L/mol cm and Sandell's sensitivity being 0.007 μg/cm^2. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were calculated to be 0.22 and 0.67 μg/mL, respectively. The proposed methods were applied to the determination of MCP in tablets, injection and also in spiked human urine.

γ-radiation field reconstruction method basedon source activity inversion calculations

γ-radiation field reconstruction method basedon source activity inversion calculations

Farklı Malzemeler ve Geosentetiklerin Yol Dolgusu Güvenliğine ve Davranışına Etkileri

Bu çalışmada, doğal ve atık malzemelerin geri kazanımından elde edilen yeni malzemeler ile oluşturulmuş yol dolgusu modelleri sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Kumlu silt, kaya agregası, beton, cam gibi farklı malzemelerin yol dolgusuna etkileri incelenmiş ve atık liflerin yol dolgusunda kullanıldığı modellerin analiz sonuçları doğal koşullar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca farklı geosentetik donatı sayıları ile güçlendirilmeye çalışılan yol dolgusu modelleri için de hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Böylece oluşturulan yol modelinin güvenlik sayısına farklı malzemelerin, liflerin ve geosentetik sayısının etkileri incelenmiştir. Yolun ani göçmesine karşı değerlendirmeler yapılarak, dolgu altındaki yeraltı suyundan kaynaklanacak konsolidasyon davranışının da etkileri farklı malzeme koşulları için karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, farklı malzemeler kullanılarak inşa edilen dolgularda yolun farklı bölgelerinde trafik yükünden oluşabilecek oturma farkları da değerlendirilmiş ve geosentetiğin etkileri de belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde hem çevreci hem de daha verimli çözümler için değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Atık malzemelerin geri dönüşümü ile elde edilen malzemelerin, yol dolgularının stabilite ve güvenlikleri için önemli katkılar sağlayabileceği gözlenmiştir.