Formula Calculation Research Articles

Analysis of Financial Performance Before and After the Covid Pandemic

This research aims to examine trends and differences in the financial performance of palm oil companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, using Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Gross Profit Margin, Operating Profit Margin, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Total Asset Turnover, and EBITDA Margin before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research employs a descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach. The sample selection utilized a purposive sampling method, and the analytical methods include financial ratio analysis, trend analysis, and mean difference analysis (Paired Sample t-test). The findings reveal significant differences in financial performance before and after the pandemic, particularly in CR, QR, NPM, GPM, OPM, ROA, and ROE ratios based on formula calculations. However, statistical testing using IBM SPSS 26 indicated no significant differences across all financial ratio indicators.

Compression performance of cross-shaped column of modular wall light steel concrete composite frame structure

This paper aims to investigate the compression mechanical properties of cross-shaped column of modular wall light steel concrete composite frame structure (referred to as LSC-CSC) and establish the calculation method of compressive bearing capacity. Nine groups of full-length columns were tested under axial loading and eccentric loading, considering three parameters: length, eccentricity and steel thickness. The experiment revealed that the LSC-CSC had high vertical bearing capacity and deformation capacity. The failure of specimens was mainly caused by the crushing of the concrete and the buckling of the steel skeleton. On the basis of the test, 20 refined FE models were established to carry out the multi-parameter analysis. The results show that the peak bearing capacity increases as the eccentricity, concrete strength and steel thickness increase. The value range of the parameters is given. The thickness of steel ranges from 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, the concrete strength should not exceed C50 and the slenderness ratio should not exceed 36.32. Finally, the compression bearing capacity calculation formula of LSC-CSC is proposed, and the reliability of the formula is verified by comparing formula calculation results with test results, whose maximum error is within 15 %.

The influence of internal and external factors on tax compliance MSMEs in Jakarta

This study was conducted with the aim of finding empirical evidence related to the influence of internal factors, namely tax knowledge and tax socialization. As well as, external factors, namely tax sanctions on tax compliance of MSMEs in DKI Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data collected through questionnaires. Score measurement is measured using a Likert scale of 1-4. This study uses purposive sampling technique as a sampling technique. The sample used in this study was 100 respondents based on the results of the Lemeshow formula calculation. Data was processed using the Partial Least Square or PLS method and analyzed with the help of SmartPLS 3 software. The level of significance used in this study is 5% (0.05). The results of the study showed that tax knowledge has a significant positive effect on tax compliance of MSMEs in DKI Jakarta. Tax socialization also has a significant positive effect on tax compliance of MSMEs in DKI Jakarta. While tax sanctions have no effect on tax compliance of MSMEs in DKI Jakarta.

Study on the Bending and Shear Behavior of a New Type of Wet Joint in Precast Concrete Deck for Composite Bridges.

According to the mechanical characteristics of joints in steel-concrete composite bridge decks under the combined bending and shear, improved joint details with simple structure and convenient construction were studied, including lapped U-bars, lapped headed bars, and lapped hook bars. In order to test the mechanical properties of the three joint details and compare them with the existing lapped/welded linear bars, the tests of five specimens were carried out. The cracking load, ultimate load, failure mode, crack pattern, and reinforcement strain were analyzed. The test results showed that the joint with lapped U-bars and hook bars exhibited ductile failure, while the joint with lapped headed and lapped/welded linear bars exhibited brittle failure. The cracking load of the five specimens was basically the same. The crack first occurred at the interface of pre-cast concrete and wet joints. When the ultimate bearing capacity was reached, the vertical main cracks were generated near the interface of the lapped U-bars, lapped hook bars, and welded linear bars specimens. The diagonal cracks were generated at the wet joint of the lapped headed bars specimen and lapped linear bars specimen. The lapped U-bars specimen had the highest bearing capacity, which was 22.8%, 14.2%, 50.4%, and 32.1% higher than the capacities of the lapped headed bars, lapped hook bars, lapped linear bars, and welded linear bars specimens, respectively. The load-deflection curves and crack mode obtained from the FEM of the lapped U-bars joint specimen were consistent with the test results. The bearing capacity of the FEM (351.3 KN) was 1.8% less than the test result (357.6 KN), which indicates that the bearing capacity calculated by the finite element model is reliable. There are 80 models with varying lap lengths and concrete strengths. The self-organizing migrating algorithm was used to fit the coupling effect of lap length and concrete strength. Based on doubly reinforced beam flexural capacity formulas, a bearing capacity calculation for lapped U-bars joint was proposed. The mean value of the formula calculation result and the finite element result ratio is 1.03, and the variance is 0.0004.

Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Tingkat Pendapatan, Religiusitas, Sosialisasi, Dan Akses Media Informasi, Terhadap Intensi Berwakaf Masyarakat Muslim Di Kota Palembang

This research aims to find out the influence of knowledge, Income level, socialization religiosity and access to information media on the waqf intentions of muslim communities in the city of palembang. The sample used was 100 respondent from the slovin formula calculation and using the purposive. Sample sampling technique. The analysis used included instrument testing, calssical assumption tesing, multiple linear regression testing, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study partially show that knowledge has a positive and significant influence on waqf intentions, income level does not have a positive and significant influence on waqf intentions, religiosity has a positive and significant influence on waqf intentions, socialization has a positive and significant influence on waqf intentions and access to information media provide a positive and significant influence on waqf intentions. It is hoped that the research result obtained can provide benefits to the community in the city of palembang in optimizing community intention in waqf with knowledge, income level, religiosity, socialization and access to information media

Does Financial Literacy Have A Role on Financial Behavior in The Digital Context?

The digital financial behavior of millennials is still messy and unstable. This quantitative study aims to analyze the effect of digital financial literacy on millennials' digital financial behavior. Data was collected by distributing online questionnaires to four hundred and twenty millennials in Jabodetabek as the research sample. The determination of the research sample is based on the calculation of Slovin's formula with purposive sampling technique. Recapitulation of respondent answer data is automatically stored on Google Drive. Data analysis utilizes free R Studio software with descriptive statistics to compile respondent demographics and PLS-SEM calculations. The findings of this study indicate that digital financial literacy has a significant positive influence on digital financial behavior. This means that a good understanding of digital financial products in the digitalization era will create wise digital financial management behavior for millennials. Following up on these findings, millennials must fix their digital financial behavior as a solution to success through mastering digital financial literacy because they face uncertainty that must be counteracted with the principles of priority scale and prudence.

Ferrite formation and decomposition in 316H austenitic stainless steel electro slag remelting ingot for nuclear power applications

316H austenitic stainless steel used in nuclear power has higher requirements for material magnetism, and the main magnetic phase is ferrite. Thus, the ferrite content in 316H steel castings needs to be strictly controlled. This study investigated the ferrite phases in 316H austenitic stainless steel electro-slag remelting (ESR) ingot used in nuclear power applications. The morphology, content and decomposition of ferrite as well as microsegregation in 316H ESR ingot are studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The solidification process is calculated by thermodynamic calculation using Thermo-Calc. Besides, the empirical chromium and nickel equivalent formulas and phase stability diagram are used for prediction of the solidification mode and ferrite content. The experiment results show that the ferrite morphology changes greatly in the direction of the thickness of ESR ingot. From surface to center of the ESR ingot, the ferrite morphology varies as granular → short rod-shaped → blocky → skeletal → parallel short rod-like + network-like. The ferrite content in the thickness direction of the electroslag ingot varied from 1.92 to 3.57 %, showing an “A” shape distribution. There are three kinds of decomposition behavior of ferrite: decomposition into Sigma phase and austenite phase by the eutectoid reaction, transformation into Chi phase in regions enriched with high Mo element along grain boundaries, and direct transformation into secondary austenite phase. In addition, the thermodynamic calculation and most of empirical formulas predicts the solidification mode is FA mode. From the microstructure analysis, the solidification mode of ESR ingots change from AF mode to FA mode from surface to center. Furthermore, the formulas proposed by Hull provides most accurate predictions results in ferrite content.

Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Kompetensi Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Sarana Majukan Ekonomi Finance Indonesia

This scientific work aims to determine whether or not there is an influence between the work environment and employee competence on employee performance at PT Sarana Majukan Ekonomi Finance Indonesia using quantitative statistical research methods. Data collection was carried out in 3 (three) ways, namely observation, documentation study, and questionnaire. The researcher used a purposive sampling method and from the results of the Slovin formula calculation, it was obtained that the number of samples to be studied was 29 respondents. This research uses several tests, namely the data quality test, classical assumption test, hypothesis test, and finally the coefficient of determination test (R2). Based on the discussion of the research results, it can be concluded that the work environment has a partial or separate significant effect on employee performance at PT Sarana Majukan Ekonomi Finance Indonesia, employee competency has no partial or separate significant effect on employee performance at PT Sarana Majukan Ekonomi Finance Indonesia, and the work environment and employee competency has a significant effect simultaneously or together on employee performance at PT Sarana Majukan Ekonomi Finance Indonesia. A comfortable and safe work environment and good employee competence can realize employee performance as expected by the company.

Text analysis and optimization strategy of an app’s privacy policy from the perspective of dual perception: taking Chinese shopping apps as an example

Purpose This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the shortcomings of apps’ privacy policies and to propose improvement and optimization strategies, which are of great significance for establishing a transparent and responsible privacy protection framework that ensures compliant collection and use of users’ information and effective protection of their privacy. Design/methodology/approach This paper obtained privacy policy texts for 100 shopping apps through Web crawlers and manual downloads. Based on the perspective of perceived usefulness, thematic analysis is conducted through the latent Dirichlet allocation topic model and comparison with existing policies. Based on the perspective of perceived ease of use, readability analysis is conducted through content analysis and formula calculation. Findings The apps privacy policies can be divided into seven themes. The authors benchmark these seven topics with the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, the E-Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China and the General Data Protection Regulation. It is found that there are omissions in the information collection and use and juvenile protection of the existing apps. Through the indicators’ readability analysis and calculation, it is found that the existing apps privacy policies have good performance in the readability indicators such as naming method, frame directory and so on. However, text personalization and text readability need to be improved and optimized. Originality/value At the theoretical level, this paper constructs a model from the dual perception perspectives of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and analyses the apps’ privacy policy texts at a fine-grained level. At the practical level, based on large-scale apps’ privacy policy text data, this paper conducts multi-dimensional research from theme analysis, authoritative law benchmarking analysis, content analysis and text readability calculation and analysis. At the same time, this paper identifies the current problems of apps’ privacy policies and puts forward countermeasure suggestions for their content improvement and optimization.

The Relationship Between Nutritional Status And The Development Of Children Aged 4-60 Months

Child development is an important aspect of human life, especially in the early period of life, which is often referred to as the critical or golden period as the child's brain undergoes rapid growth. Developmental disorders in children under five, especially in terms of motor skills, have a long-term impact on their development, and a child's nutritional status has been shown to play a role in the process. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and development of children aged 4-60 months in Jember Regency. The research method used was a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional approach, involving a total of 57 children who had a Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS) as the population. From the results of the formula calculation, the sample size was determined as 50 respondents using a non-randomized (non-probability) method, namely purposive sampling based on certain criteria. The research instruments involved the Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS) to assess children's nutritional status and the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire (KPSP) to identify children's development. The results of the chi-square statistical test revealed a significant relationship between nutritional status and development of children aged 4-60 months in Jember District. [ Children with good nutritional status show more optimal developmental progress, while children with poor nutritional status tend to experience slower or inappropriate development for their age. This finding supports theories that emphasize the importance of adequate nutrition for children's growth and development. Therefore, efforts to improve children's nutritional status should be a top priority in various child health and education programs. With the right understanding and action, we can help create a healthier and more potential future generation.

Pengaruh E-Service Quality, Online Promotion dan Persepsi Harga terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan pada Pengguna Aplikasi Indrive di Surabaya

This research aims to determine the influence of e-service quality, online promotion and price perception on customer loyalty among InDrive application users in Surabaya. Type of quantitative research with multiple linear regression. The population in this research is the people of Surabaya who have used the InDrive service and in the sampling process used a purposive sampling technique with a total of 100 respondents who had been determined from the Solvin formula calculation. The results of this research are that it is proven that there is an influence of the three independent variables on customer loyalty simultaneously (F test) as seen from the tcount value which is greater than ttable or 15.044 > 2.70 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. There is a partial or individual influence on e-service quality, online promotions and price perceptions on customer loyalty. This is proven by the calculated tcount value of each independent variable, namely e-service quality (X1) of 3.032; online promotion (X2) 2,252; and price perception (X3) 2.084 is greater than the ttable value, namely 1.985. And the significance value is smaller than 0.05, namely 0.003; 0.027; and 0.040.

Ti- and Ba-rich phlogopitic micas in alkaline basic and upper mantle igneous rocks; stoichiometry, stability, and Fe valence estimation reassessed and rationalised

Ti- and Ba-rich tri-octahedral micas occur in fractionated basic igneous rocks, metasomatized mantle peridotites, metamorphosed pelites/carbonates, and hydrothermally altered mineral deposits. Electron microprobe analyses (EMP), with all iron reported as FeO, were widely used in the 1970/80s to interpret Ti and Ba substitution mechanisms, based on 22 O2– unit cell calculations, implying that cation vacancies occur in octahedral and/or intersheet sites. In 1996 EMP with chemical and physical analyses for ferric and total Fe, H2O, (OH), and element-specific Fe X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (both K and L-edges) established valence states for Fe and Ti and cation site occupancies, that ∼50 % O replaces (OH) molecules, and that 24 anion cell formulae show the absence of cation vacancies. Cell formula calculation protocol for phlogopitic micas is refined here and results tested against the stoichiometric formula for vacancy-free phlogopite, XIIK2VIMg6IV[Si6Al2]O20(OH)4. Hypothetical sheet silicate compositions, calculated with fixed contents of vacancies linked to particular mixed-valence element substitutions, confirm that reliable unit cell formulae for natural mica solids require that each stoichiometric vacancy must be accounted for. If reliable estimates for ‘excess O’ (denoted WO2−) are assigned to EMP analyses, the proportion of the oxy-mica component in a mica solid solution can be defined. This approach is tested using published analyses for Ti- and Ba-rich biotites from fractionated basic and ultramafic volcanic igneous rocks (oxymica range 2.5–45 %; TiO2 up to 14 %; BaO up to 23 %), upper mantle peridotites (equivalent values 7–18 %; 6 %; 0.7 %), and metasomatised upper mantle (2–37 %; 9 %; 23 %). Enrichments of Ti and Ba in micas are clearly linked to the extra oxygen charge required to neutralise the more highly charged Ba2+ and Ti4+ replacing K+ and Mg2+.Substitution mechanisms involving Ba, Ti, and Fe3+ in ideal phlogopite involve coupled inter-site/inter-valence interactions so both site-ordering and valence-balance between the different cation sites must be accounted for. The cation exchange 2XIIK+ + 4VI(Mg2+ + Fe2+) + 4IVSi4+ ↔ XIIBa2+ + 3VITi4+ + 4(Altotal + Fe3+ + Crtotal)3+ is used here so that valence and site order can be considered together. Compositional variations show well-defined trends towards high-oxymica content and vacancy-free Ti and Ba mica end-members, rather than to oxy-free end-members with essential vacancies. Average compositions for different source rock micas are used to assess compositional trends; molecular WO2− values are refined by relating initial estimates directly to the wt.% TiO2 contents; and refined WO2− and stoichiometrically calculated Fe3+/Fetotal ratios ranging ∼0.1–0.5) are correlated with possible primary magmatic values.

Evaluating the impact of specimen and punch sizes on the tensile strength of UHPC through double punch testing

Many studies have shown that direct tensile tests are fraught with numerous challenges. The Double Punch Test (DPT) is considered a more reliable alternative for evaluating tensile properties among the indirect tensile methods. While DPT is efficient and reliable, its size effect should not be overlooked. Previous studies on DPT size effects have primarily focused on specimen size, with little discussion on the impact of punch size variations. Additionally, with the evolution of construction materials, the applicability of the generalized DPT formula to new materials, such as Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC), with its exceptional strength, toughness, durability, and crack resistance, needs to be evaluated. This study conducts experimental research on UHPC, focusing on the relationship between specimen and punch sizes and their impact on tensile strength measurements. By designing experiments with 12 different specimen sizes and punch ratios, we explore the differences between actual experimental results and simplified formula calculations. Bažant's theoretical methods are also applied to analyze the size effects of specimen and punch dimensions on DPT. The results indicate that, with appropriate specimen size and punch ratio, DPT can provide tensile strength measurements closer to those of Direct Tensile Tests (DTT). It was also found that tensile strength, strain, and toughness decrease with increasing specimen size. When the ratio of UHPC specimen to punch size (d/D) is 1/3, the results align well with the predictions of the simplified formula. This indicates that the optimal punch ratio is not fixed for different specimen sizes. These findings offer valuable references for designing related experiments and improving quality control and structural performance in various engineering fields.

Measuring the low divergent luminous flux emitted by LED torch lamps using a simple detector and a spectrometer as an alternative to an integrating sphere

The widespread use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in various applications has necessitated accurate measurement of their photometric parameters, particularly luminous flux. While traditional methods employing integrating spheres offer precise measurements, simpler and often cheaper techniques utilizing radiometric detectors and spectrometers present viable alternatives, especially for directional emissions. This article presents a comprehensive methodology for measuring luminous flux using a simple detector and a spectrometer, discussing equipment calibration, uncertainty analysis, and validation of the described method. The study delves into the intricacies of detector and spectrometer calibration, offering insights for traceability to a known reference standard in lumen measurement practices. Additionally, the article addresses uncertainties associated with luminous flux calculations and validates the proposed method against measurements from an independent laboratory. Limitations such as spectral response variations and temperature effects on measurements are mentioned. Moreover the article encompasses formula derivations and calculations, empowering readers to create and validate their own computation tools.

Coastline Mapping In Pati District Utilising Landsat-8 Satellite Images In 2015-2024

The coastline changes from time to time in line with natural changes such as wave activity, and sediment. This study aims to determine the changes in coastline on the coast of Pati Regency in 2015-2024. The research method utilises Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technology by taking Landsat-8 satellite image data processed using ArcGis application then calculated using Haversin Formula and Euclidean Distance calculation. The results showed that the largest shoreline change was found in transect 3 located in Dukuhseti Subdistrict, Kembang Village with a value of 453.92 metres within 10 years and the smallest shoreline change value occurred in transect 8 located in Tayu Subdistrict, Tunggulsari Village with a change value of 2.41 metres within 10 years.

Pengaruh Sosial Media Marketing Facebook terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen Yab Showroom Gorontalo

This research aims to find out how much influence Facebook Social Media Marketing has in increasing Consumer Buying Interest at YAB Showroom Gorontalo. This type of research uses quantitative methods, by distributing questionnaires to 63 respondents using the Slovin formula calculation. The analysis used in this research uses simple linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that the Facebook Social Media Marketing variable has a significant positive effect on Purchase Interest with a significance level of 0.001 < 0.05 and a value of tcount > ttable, namely 3,330 > 3,231. The magnitude of the influence of the coefficient of determination R square is 15.4% while the remaining 84.6% is explained or described by other independent variables which are not included in this research model.

Mapping Shoreline Changes in the Situbondo Coastline for a Period of 10 Years Using Landsat 8 Satellite Image Data

Coastal areas have the potential to prosper the surrounding community. The coastline is the boundary line between land and sea level that is dynamic. Changes in the coastline can lead to abrasion and accretion. This study aims to determine changes in the coastline on the Situbondo coast for a period of 10 years by taking Landsat 8 satellite image data processed using ArcGIS 10.7. The method used in this study uses the calculation of the Haversin formula and Euclidean Distance. The results showed that the smallest shoreline change in Situbondo Regency over a period of 10 years occurred in transect 24, precisely in Agel Village, Jangkar District with a shoreline change rate of 1.11 meters. While the largest 10-year shoreline change in Situbondo Regency occurred in transect 25, precisely in Kumbangsari Village, Jangkar District with a shoreline change rate of 106.42 meters.

Pengembangan Media Wayang Berbasis Kearifan Lokal untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Budaya Siswa Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar

This research is motivated by the fact that most of the fifth grade students at SDN 1 and 2 Ngantru are not yet familiar with the cultural results of the local community, for example the Nyadran Dam Bagong culture as a traditional ceremony commemorating the history of the Menak Sopal Kingdom which once founded Trenggalek Regency, literature about culture in schools is inadequate, resulting in literacy Student culture is minimal, teachers are busy and cannot be left behind in preparing all the administration when carrying out the learning process, and the media that is often used in teaching and learning activities is only the blackboard and the methods used are only lectures, discussions and assignments. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of developing wayang media based on local wisdom to increase cultural literacy in grade 5 elementary school students. The method used in this research is the R&D method with the ADDIE model. The research results obtained were through the N-Gain formula calculation score, the value of cultural literacy ability in the pretest compared with the posttest value showed that cultural literacy ability increased by 0.61. So it can be concluded that the development of wayang media based on local wisdom is effective in increasing cultural literacy in grade 5 elementary school students.

Analysis of the Effect of Taxpayer Knowledge and Awareness on Taxpayer Compliance at XYZ Consulting

Given that taxes are the main source of state treasury funding, it is difficult to implement state initiatives such as national development without state treasury funding from the taxation sector. At XYZ Consulting, the researcher's objective is to evaluate and assess how compliance awareness in filing taxes is affected by taxation knowledge. Descriptive methods and quantitative research techniques were combined in this study. This research involves individuals or entities from XYZ Consulting who are taxpayers. To determine the research sample, 54 responses were collected using the Slovin formula calculation method. According to XYZ Consulting, the Study findings show that taxpayer compliance is significantly influenced by taxpayer awareness and knowledge and both factors significantly improve compliance at the same time.

Research on the Support Technology for Deep Large-Section Refuge Chambers in Broken Surrounding Rock in a Roadway

The phenomenon of peripheral rock instability is more common in crushed bedrock roadways, and the fundamental reason for this lies in the significantly different characteristics of its peripheral rock stress field. Taking the newly dug belt inclined shaft of PingDingShan TianAn Coal Co., Ltd. No. 6 Mine as the engineering background, a mechanical model of a broken perimeter rock roadway was established by using classical rock mechanics theory. Stress distribution around the roadway of the broken perimeter rock medium was systematically analyzed, and radial and tangential stress formulas of the broken perimeter rock were deduced. Through the formula calculation, it was deduced that there was a stress drop in the intact surrounding rock outside the disturbed zone, and the radial stress of the intact surrounding rock in its deep part was relatively increased, while the tangential stress was relatively decreased. The existence of crushed surrounding rock increased the minimum principal stress and decreased the maximum principal stress of the unfractured surrounding rock, which proves that a well-maintained disturbed zone can play a lining role. Thus, a “U-shaped steel + inverted arch + bottom arch linkage beam + floor bolt compensation” support program was proposed. This joint support program easily forms a closed support structure, which is more effective in controlling the deformation of tunnel perimeter rock. The support structure can effectively resist the deformation of the surrounding rock and enhance bottom drum resistance. Through numerical simulation, it was concluded that the horizontal displacement of the two gangs was reduced by 70%, and the displacement of the top and bottom plates was reduced by 77% after optimization of the support, which effectively controlled the stability of the broken surrounding rock.