Calculation Of Volume Research Articles

Визначення об’єму насипів методом GNSS та лазерного сканування

In the modern period, the calculation of volumes of embankments plays an important role in a number of industries, starting from construction and ending with mining. This calls for the improvement of methods and technologies to ensure accurate and operational calculations of embankment volumes. One of the promising directions in this context is the use of Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN) and Mesh models based on data obtained during geodetic measurements. Surveying is a large amount of accurate spatial measurement data that is necessary to create detailed geometric models of objects. The obtained geodetic data allow creating TIN and Mesh models that reflect the relief of the land surface with the necessary accuracy and detail. The use of these models to calculate the volumes of embankments becomes a key element in improving the processes of design, construction and management of natural resources. The purpose of this work is to compare the accuracy of the calculation of embankment volumes based on the data obtained by the hand-held laser scanner Stonex X120GO and the GNSS receiver Stonex S700A. Method. The method of comparing equal-precision measurements was used. Since there were no reference volumes of embankments at the site of the works, the difference between the volumes calculated on the basis of the data obtained with the hand-held laser scanner Stonex X120GO and the GNSS receiver Stonex S700A was used. Also, comparative and visual analysis was used to compare the difference between Mesh models obtained on the basis of different data sources. The results. The accuracy of determining the volumes of embankments obtained by a handheld laser scanner Stonex X120GO and a GNSS receiver Stonex S700A was studied. The average error of the differences between the determined volumes was 4.62%. Point clouds and Mesh models themselves were also analyzed (number of points, triangles, surface shape). The advantages and disadvantages of using a GNSS receiver and a hand-held laser scanner to collect data for calculating the volumes of material mounds are identified. Scientific novelty and practical significance. A technique for checking the accuracy of determining the volume of embankments without known reference values is proposed. The influence of the embankment area error on the accuracy of volume determination was studied. According to the results of the study, it is possible to assert the advantages in the detail of the received data and the speed of shooting when using a manual laser scanner, and about some difficulties associated with the desired presence of a powerful computer, a large array of data, an increase in the volume of camera work in comparison with the data obtained under the time of application of the GNSS receiver and the RTK method for determining the volumes of embankments

Calculation of Intracranial Volume in Van Cats by Stereological Method

Stereology is a powerful scientific method for estimating the real attributes of three-dimensional structures using calculations on two-dimensional photographs. The goal of this study was to determine the cerebral volume of cats using stereological cranial computed tomography (CT) and to uncover dimorphic differences. The study employed 16 adult Van cats (8 females and 8 males). A multislice CT equipment was utilized to scan the craniums of the cats involved in the study. Stereological computations were performed using 12 section images from cranial CT sections with intracranial borders calculated using a systematic random sampling procedure. Linear measurements of the intra-cranial region were also taken. When the findings were analysed, it was discovered that intracranial volume values differed across sexes (P<0.05). It was determined that the measured linear parameters and calculated index values did not show dimorphism between the sexes (P>0.05). As a result, it is thought that the determination of the intracranial volumes of Van cats using stereology method will contribute to clinical sciences in terms of diagnosis, detection and treatment of diseases and will allow the comparison of volume values calculated with different methods.

An enhancement in the petrophysical evaluation in a vuggy carbonate gas reservoir by integrating the core data and empirical methods, Zagros basin, south of Iran

The presence of vuggy pore types poses challenges in accurately assessing effective porosity. This study focuses on the significant scientific issue of improving petrophysical evaluation in vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs. The Kangan Formation is one of the main gas reservoir formations in the southern Zagros region, Iran. The main objective of the current research is to distinguish and exclude the influence of vuggy pore types from effective porosity in the reservoir pay zones of the Kangan reservoir.In the current research, a combination of full suite logs, image logs, core analysis, and thin section studies was employed. The image logs illustrate that vuggy porosity is abundant in the Kangan Formation and these results are confirmed by the available core thin sections, specifically in Zone Kangan_B; Additionally, the cross plots of compressional velocity versus bulk density and total porosity, as a part of rock physics study, indicate the characteristics of the vuggy reservoir. Two methods are utilized to quantify vuggy porosity. The first method, the Velocity Deviation Log (VDL) approach, identifies various available pore types, especially vugs. The second method is a newly proposed approach that can exclude vuggy porosity from the computed effective porosity. In this novel approach, a variable porosity exponent (m) is derived by adopting the Lucia equation to exclude vuggy porosity from the effective porosity computations. Thus, petrophysical evaluation can be implemented based on the constant and variable “m”. Comparing both petrophysical results, it is evident that the amounts of effective porosity and water saturation are modified in the vuggy-bearing intervals. Applying the proposed approach will improve the accuracy of petrophysical properties and lead to the proper calculation of the hydrocarbon volume in the carbonate reservoir rocks containing isolated vugs, particularly in gas-bearing reservoirs where conventional logs are affected by gas contents.

Deep learning assisted fluid volume calculation for assessing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor effect in diabetic macular edema

ObjectiveTo develop an algorithm using deep learning methods to calculate the volume of intraretinal and subretinal fluid in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for assessing diabetic macular edema (DME) patients’ condition changes. DesignCross-sectional study. ParticipantsTreatment-naive patients diagnosed with DME recruited from April 2020 to November 2021. MethodsThe deep learning network, which was built for autonomous segmentation utilizing an encoder-decoder network based on the U-Net architecture, was used to calculate the volume of intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF). The alterations of retinal vessel density and thickness, and the correlation between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT parameters were analyzed. Results2,955 OCT images of fourteen eyes from DME patients with IRF and SRF who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents were obtained. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the algorithm was 0.993 for IRF and 0.998 for SRF. The volumes of IRF and SRF were significantly decreased from 1.93 ± 0.58 /1.14 ± 0.25 mm3 (baseline) to 0.26 ± 0.13 /0.26 ± 0.18 mm3 (post-injection), respectively (p = 0.0170 for IRF, and p = 0.0004 for SRF). The Spearman correlation demonstrated that the reduction of IRF volume was negatively correlated with age (coefficient = −0.698, p = 0.006). ConclusionWe developed a deep learning assisted fluid volume calculation algorithm with high sensitivity and specificity for assessing the volume of IRF and SRF in DME patients. Key words: deep learning; diabetic macular edema; optical coherence tomography.

Statistical Analysis for waste generation Prediction based on the Population Growth in Tangerang: An environmental Perspective

Tangerang is counted among Indonesia's fastest-growing industries and population since it is located near the capital. At the current rate of population growth, the population by 2035 is expected to reach more than 2 million by appliying the geometric method. Rapid population growth has severe environmental damage. A simple linear regression calculation was applied to predict the Tangerang waste generation and it is expected to grow to 1,57 million tonnes by 2035. The Pearson's correlation was used to examine the impact of population growth in Tangerang on waste generation. Overall, there is a positive correlation between population growth and waste generation. The increase in the amount of waste can affect the formation of leachate. Rawa Kucing is the main Tangerang landfill that implements an open dumping system in its waste management. One of the negative impacts of the open dumping system is the potential for leachate generation. This study performed a simple calculation of leachate volume to illustrate leachate generation in Rawa Kucing. The more leachate produced, the greater the level of contamination since it contains highly toxic components, and it will escape from the Rawa Kucing landfill, contaminating the groundwater, potentially polluting the environment and harming human health.

Tax incentives in agricultural sector: indicators and performance results

The goal is to show the current state and prospects for tax incentives in agricultural sector. Methods – economic-statistical, factor analysis, comparison and synthesis, logical justification. Results – it is substantiated that direct methods of supporting certain sectors of agroindustrial complex can be effectively replaced by indirect methods due to differences in the rate of unified land tax for peasant (farm) enterprises, and for other forms of business there are differences in the corporate income tax base. In particular, direct support is compensated by tax mechanisms in agricultural formations producing crop products (the average level of profitability for 202-2022 was 49,6%), with the exception of rice cultivation, as well as in individual entrepreneurship and peasant (private) farms specializing in production of livestock products (profitability – 35,6%). An assessment of possible budget revenues is given, in conditions of full control and application of liability measures for improper or inappropriate use of agricultural land. Conclusions – calculation of the potential funding volumes that can be used to improve the land use is provided. The irrational use of agricultural land is associated with their ineffective exploitation: imperfect methods of cultivation or fertilization, improper planning of crop rotations. Regional characteristics, which cause different problems and needs that require adaptation of coordination measures and regulation should be taken into account. It is necessary to continue the work to cover the entire territory of Kazakhstan with agricultural maps to provide complete and accurate information on the condition and use of land resources, which will prevent possible violations for which fines and increased tax rates may be levied.

Temporal progression of replacement and interstitial fibrosis in optimally managed dilated cardiomyopathy patients: A prospective study

Background: To prospectively examine the dynamic evolution of fibrotic processes within a one-year in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: Between May 2019 and September 2020, 102 DCM patients (mean age 45.2 ± 11.8 years, EF 29.9 ± 11.6%) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR-1). After 13.9 ± 2.9 months, 92 of these patients underwent a follow-up CMR (CMR-2). Replacement fibrosis was assessed via late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), quantified in terms of LGE mass and extent. Interstitial fibrosis was evaluated via T1-mapping and expressed as extracellular volume fraction (ECV). This data, along with left ventricular (LV) mass, facilitated the calculation of LV matrix and cellular volumes. Results: At CMR-1, LGE was present in 45 patients (48.9%), whereas at CMR-2 LGE was detected in 46 (50%) (p = 0.88). Although LGE mass remained stable, LGE extent increased from 2.18 ± 4.1% to 2.7 ± 4.6% (p < 0.01). Conversely, ECV remained unchanged [27.7% (25.5–31.3) vs. 26.7% (24.5–29.9); p = 0.19]; however, LV matrix and cell volumes exhibited a noteworthy regression. During a subsequent follow-up of 19.2 ± 9 months (spanning from CMR-2 to April 30th, 2023), the composite primary outcome (all-cause mortality, HTX, LVAD or heart failure worsening) was evident in 18 patients. Only the LV matrix volume index at follow-up was an independent predictor of outcome (OR 1.094; 95%CI 1.004–1.192; p < 0.05). Conclusions: In optimally managed DCM patients, both replacement and interstitial fibrosis remained stable over the course of one year. In contrast, LV matrix and cell volumes displayed significant regression. LV matrix volume index at 12-month follow-up was found to be an independent predictor of outcome in DCM.

An additive model system for heartwood, sapwood and bark diameter – A working example in Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. plantations

Accurate estimations of a tree stem’s heartwood diameter (HD), sapwood width (SW), bark thickness (BT) and diameter outside bark (DOB) are essential for volume and biomass calculations, forest management, and optimal timber production. Understanding these components also provides valuable insights into the ecological health and functioning of forest ecosystems. The additive model system, enhanced by machine learning algorithms, offers new tools for estimation. We constructed parametric taper models and nonparametric multilayer perceptron models to compare the accuracy of HD, SW, BT, and DOB estimates based on 3199 upper stem diameter measurements obtained from 103 sample Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. trees in Northeast China. In the context of the additive model system for tree stem internal components, we utilized nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NSUR) as a parametric method and multitask learning (MTL) as a nonparametric method. In the comparison of additive model systems, MTL (nonparametric) performed better than did NSUR (parametric) by improving the accuracy and generalizability of the stem and internal component estimates. The coefficient of determination (R2) for DOB, HD, SW, and BT increased by 0.31%, 1.39%, 4.21%, and 4.31%, respectively. Based on these results, we conclude that the MTL provides a valid option for improving HD, SW, BT, and DOB and enhancing the volume prediction of stem components.

Technical note: A model of chemical transport in a wellbore–aquifer system

Abstract. Wellbore is proven to be the only effective way of delivering chemicals to a target aquifer during a tracer test or aquifer remediation. The volume of original water in the operational well is a critical parameter affecting the concentration of injected tracers or chemicals in the wellbore in the early stages. We found that the calculation of the wellbore water volume by previous numerical methods was correct when the wellbore penetrates an unconfined aquifer but incorrect when the wellbore penetrates a confined aquifer, further resulting in errors in describing the solute transport of injected chemicals in confined aquifers, such as MODFLOW/MT3DMS or FEFFLOW. Such errors caused by MODFLOW/MT3DMS and FEFFLOW increased with increasing wellbore water volume. This was because the groundwater in both the wellbore and aquifer was assumed to be confined where the water level was higher than the aquifer's top elevation and the groundwater thickness was assumed to be equal to the aquifer thickness. Actually, when the wellbore penetrated a confined aquifer, the groundwater was only confined in the aquifer, while it was unconfined in the wellbore. In this study, the solute transport model is revised based on the mass balance in a well–aquifer system, with special attention given to the wellbore water volume. The accuracy of the new model was tested against benchmark analytical solutions. The revised model could increase the accuracy of reactive transport modeling in aquifer remediation through the wellbore.

A non-contact method for weighting of aggregate pile based on binocular vision

Concrete is indispensable in contemporary industry, and the weighing of aggregates directly determines the quality of concrete preparation. In response to the difficulty of traditional methods in meeting the industrial requirements for accuracy, efficiency, and cost of measurement, this paper proposes a non-contact bone pile weight measurement method based on binocular vision. Firstly, the on-site image is obtained through a binocular camera, and the camera parameters are used to improve the image edge information and preprocess the image. Then, the improved semi global matching (SGM) algorithm is used to improve computational efficiency, obtaining three-dimensional information of the aggregate pile for volume calculation. Based on the watershed algorithm and T-S inference, the aggregate clearance rate is calculated, and the initial volume is corrected. Finally, a linear relationship is established between the density of the aggregate pile and the clearance rate, and the weight of the aggregate pile can be obtained by the density formula. The experimental results on different sizes of aggregate piles shows that the average error of the experiment is less than 4%. Efficiency of improved SGM matching algorithm has increased several times compared to the original algorithm, providing a low-cost and efficient measurement method for industrial aggregate weighing.

Skeletal expansion via craniofacial distraction osteogenesis technique in syndromic craniosynostosis: impact on ophthalmic parameters.

This study aims to compare the changes in ophthalmic parameters among syndromic craniosynostosis patients who underwent craniofacial skeletal expansion procedures via distraction osteogenesis (DO). A retrospective study was conducted involving syndromic craniosynostosis patients who underwent surgical expansion via the DO technique from the year 2012 to March 2022. Changes in six parameters which consist of visual acuity, refractive error, optic disc health, intraocular pressure, degree of proptosis and orbital volume were measured objectively pre and post-surgery. For categorical parameters, the Chi-square cross-tab test was done. Paired sample T-test was used for normally distributed variables. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for non-normally distributed data. Visual impairment was present in 21.4% of eyes before surgery and increased to 28.5% post-surgery. Three patients had changes of refractive error post-surgery with one developed hypermetropia, another developed anisometropia and the last had improvement to no refractive error. Two patients had optic disc swelling which was resolved post-surgery. Intraocular pressure changes were inconsistent post-surgery. All patients achieved a significant reduction in the degree of proptosis post-surgery. Orbital volume calculation using computed tomography (CT) scans shows a significant increase in volume post-surgery for all patients. Our study shows a significant increase in orbital volume post-surgery with a reduction in the degree of proptosis. Optic disc and nerve health improved after the surgery. Changes in terms of visual acuity, refractive error and IOP were inconsistent after the surgical intervention.

Subclinical myocardial involvement in a cohort of patients with antisynthetase syndrome.

There is an increasing interest in knowing whether patients with antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) may have silent myocardial interstitial involvement. Mapping techniques in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can detect subclinical myocardial involvement. The purpose of this study was to identify alterations in multiparametric CMR in ASSD patients without overt cardiac involvement. Patients diagnosed with ASSD underwent a CMR along with the standard clinical workup, investigation of specific and associated myositis antibodies, and high-resolution chest CT. The CMR protocol includes routine morphologic, functional, and late gadolinium enhancement sequences in standard cardiac planes, as well as native T1 and T2 mapping sequences and extracellular volume (ECV) calculation. Twenty-five patients were included in this study (56% women; median age 56.3 years). Three patients were considered in the acute phase at the time of inclusion. Eight patients (32%) showed pathological findings in CMR (6 stable disease, 2 acute phase). Elevated T1, T2 and ECV mapping values were found in 20% (5/25), 17% (4/25) and 24% (6/25) of the group, respectively. Two patients in the acute phase had increased values of both T2 and ECV. Subclinical myocardial involvement in ASSD is not rare (32%) although its clinical significance is uncertain. Myocardial oedema (T2) was the most frequent finding, followed by increased T1 and/or ECV values likely signalling interstitial fibrosis. Of note, patients in the acute phase showed elevated T2 values.

DEM-based topographic change detection considering the spatial distribution of errors

ABSTRACT Digital Elevation Model (DEM) errors tend to be spatially correlated, inevitably affecting DEM-based topographic change detection. Traditional topographic change detection methods often ignore the spatial distribution of the DEM error. This paper aims to develop a workflow that considers the spatial autocorrelation of the error in topographic change detection. Firstly, the DEM of Difference (DoD) is obtained from two-period DEMs, and the Monte Carlo method is employed to evaluate the Spatially Distributed Errors (SDE) in DEMs. Secondly, DoD errors are calculated by propagation based on spatially distributed DEM errors. At the same time, its spatial distribution is quantified using the semi-variance function. Finally, topographic changes (erosion, deposition, and net changes) are calculated based on the spatial distribution analysis and significance detection. The results in two small catchments indicate that DEM errors are spatially correlated, increasing the volume calculation errors. However, using Standard Deviation of Errors (SDE) instead of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) can effectively reduce the sensitivity of the detection results in the significance threshold. When the significance threshold increases from 68% to 95%, the observations loss using the spatially distributed error is 4.67% −6.92% lower than that using the RMSE. The level of detection has little impact on the net topographic change and significantly influences gross erosion and deposition. In particular, the use of level of detection can effectively reduce the misclassification of erosion or deposition in stable topography areas. The proposed method can be effectively utilized in various applications like surface deformation monitoring, erosion monitoring, and sediment transport assessment.

Cross-Sectional Study to Compare Preoperative Fasting Volume of Gastric Contents by Using Ultrasonography in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Patients Posted for Elective Surgery

Background: Diabetic patients are known to have gastroparesis and consequent delayed gastric emptying which predisposes them to an increased risk of aspiration as compared to the general population. This study compares the gastric volumes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients using point-of-care ultrasound and correlates it with the HbA1c levels in diabetic patients.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study included 180 patients, 90 diabetic (&gt;5 years) and 90 nondiabetic, aged &gt;40 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists' physical status I–II kept fasting for 8 hours. Before induction, gastric ultrasound was performed to measure craniocaudal (CC) and anteroposterior (AP) diameters followed by calculation of antral cross-sectional area (CSA) and gastric volume (GV) in right lateral decubitus (RLD) position using curved array probe. In diabetic patients, the gastric volumes were correlated with HbA1c values.&#x0D; Results: In the RLD, the mean CC and AP diameters were higher in diabetic Group. The calculated CSA in RLD in diabetics (8.014 ± 2.412 cm2) were significantly higher than non-diabetic (6.314± 2.894 cm2) (p &lt; 0.0001). The calculated GV of 71.501 ± 35.937 ml in the diabetic group was significantly higher than 48.0022± 41.587 ml in the non-diabetic group (p &lt; 0.0001). In diabetics, the gastric volumes showed significant correlation with HbA1c.&#x0D; Conclusion: Diabetic patients show higher residual gastric volume as compared to non-diabetic patients indicating gastroparesis. The gastric volumes are further increased in those with poorly controlled disease with high HbA1C levels. Ultrasound is an effective tool in assessing the risk of aspiration and altering anaesthetic management accordingly.

Study on the Mechanism of Stress Sensitivity Changes in Ultra-Deep Carbonate Reservoirs

Quantitative evaluation of stress sensitivity of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs has been one of the challenges in exploration and development, and the problem of permeability loss law in ultra-deep carbonates under variable stress conditions has not been solved so far and further research is urgently needed. Through experimental and numerical simulation methods, the stress-sensitive evaluation equations were established based on matrix-type carbonate and fractured carbonate reservoirs, the stress-sensitive changes under different Young’s modulus were discussed, and the degree of permeability loss under different stresses was evaluated. Finally, the dual-media model of ultra-deep carbonate was established, and the practical application was carried out in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin. Studies have shown that (1) under the same effective stress, the stress sensitivity of matrix-type and fracture-type carbonate reservoirs is related to the Young’s modulus of the rock skeleton. In matrix-type carbonate reservoirs, rocks with a larger Young’s modulus have smaller rigidity and stronger stress sensitivity. In fracture-type carbonate reservoirs, the stress sensitivity is relatively weak under a smaller Young’s modulus, and relatively strong under a larger Young’s modulus. (2) Measured under the conditions of 87 MPa of peripheral pressure, 50 MPa of flow pressure, and 120 °C, the effective stress of matrix-type carbonate reservoirs has an exponential relationship with the permeability of reservoirs. The degree of stress sensitivity for fracture-type is generally higher than that of matrix-type reservoirs, and the smaller the Young’s modulus, the larger the difference in stress sensitivity. (3) The stress sensitivity of typical ultra-deep carbonates in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin is higher by establishing a dual-porosity model based on the initiating pressure gradient, which supports new evidence for the characteristics of ultra-deep carbonates with high-stress sensitivity. In actual production, the impact of stress sensitivity on the reservoir volume calculation and efficient development of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs requires critical attention.

Artificial intelligence–based, volumetric assessment of the bone marrow metabolic activity in [18F]FDG PET/CT predicts survival in multiple myeloma

PurposeMultiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous disease with wide variations in patient outcome. [18F]FDG PET/CT can provide prognostic information in MM, but it is hampered by issues regarding standardization of scan interpretation. Our group has recently demonstrated the feasibility of automated, volumetric assessment of bone marrow (BM) metabolic activity on PET/CT using a novel artificial intelligence (AI)–based tool. Accordingly, the aim of the current study is to investigate the prognostic role of whole-body calculations of BM metabolism in patients with newly diagnosed MM using this AI tool.Materials and methodsForty-four, previously untreated MM patients underwent whole-body [18F]FDG PET/CT. Automated PET/CT image segmentation and volumetric quantification of BM metabolism were based on an initial CT-based segmentation of the skeleton, its transfer to the standardized uptake value (SUV) PET images, subsequent application of different SUV thresholds, and refinement of the resulting regions using postprocessing. In the present analysis, ten different uptake thresholds (AI approaches), based on reference organs or absolute SUV values, were applied for definition of pathological tracer uptake and subsequent calculation of the whole-body metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Correlation analysis was performed between the automated PET values and histopathological results of the BM as well as patients’ progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to investigate the discrimination performance of MTV and TLG for prediction of 2-year PFS. The prognostic performance of the new Italian Myeloma criteria for PET Use (IMPeTUs) was also investigated.ResultsMedian follow-up [95% CI] of the patient cohort was 110 months [105–123 months]. AI-based BM segmentation and calculation of MTV and TLG were feasible in all patients. A significant, positive, moderate correlation was observed between the automated quantitative whole-body PET/CT parameters, MTV and TLG, and BM plasma cell infiltration for all ten [18F]FDG uptake thresholds. With regard to PFS, univariable analysis for both MTV and TLG predicted patient outcome reasonably well for all AI approaches. Adjusting for cytogenetic abnormalities and BM plasma cell infiltration rate, multivariable analysis also showed prognostic significance for high MTV, which defined pathological [18F]FDG uptake in the BM via the liver. In terms of OS, univariable and multivariable analysis showed that whole-body MTV, again mainly using liver uptake as reference, was significantly associated with shorter survival. In line with these findings, ROC curve analysis showed that MTV and TLG, assessed using liver-based cut-offs, could predict 2-year PFS rates. The application of IMPeTUs showed that the number of focal hypermetabolic BM lesions and extramedullary disease had an adverse effect on PFS.ConclusionsThe AI-based, whole-body calculations of BM metabolism via the parameters MTV and TLG not only correlate with the degree of BM plasma cell infiltration, but also predict patient survival in MM. In particular, the parameter MTV, using the liver uptake as reference for BM segmentation, provides solid prognostic information for disease progression. In addition to highlighting the prognostic significance of automated, global volumetric estimation of metabolic tumor burden, these data open up new perspectives towards solving the complex problem of interpreting PET scans in MM with a simple, fast, and robust method that is not affected by operator-dependent interventions.

Determining Surface Areas and Pore Volumes of Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The surface area and pore volume of a metal-organic framework (MOF) can provide insight into its structure and potential applications. Both parameters are commonly determined using the data from nitrogen sorption experiments; commercial instruments to perform these measurements are also widely available. These instruments will calculate structural parameters, but it is essential to understand how to select input data and when calculation methods apply to the sample MOF. This article outlines the use of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method for the calculation of surface area and pore volume, respectively. Example calculations are performed on the representative MOF UiO-66. Although widely applicable to MOFs, sample materials and adsorption data must meet certain criteria for the calculated results to be considered accurate, in addition to proper sample preparation. The assumptions and limitations of these methods are also discussed, along with alternative and complementary techniques for the MOF pore space characterization.

A potential novel technique for measurement of pulp volume on periapical radiography: A pilot study.

Pulp volume can be assessed during dental treatment. Three-dimensional imaging techniques are not routinely used for this purpose because of high radiation doses. This study aimed to develop a novel method to measure pulp volume using periapical radiography. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used as a reference method. Periapical radiography and CBCTs obtained from the same patients (n = 32) were recorded. Pulp volume was determined by observing the density differences between the pulp and peripheral structures using ImageJ. A method of graph and volume calculation was developed for each tooth. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to show normality and non-normal distributions. The Bland-Altman plot was used to show the scattering of the mean versus difference values of the measurements of the two methods used to calculate the pulp volume. Normality was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. CBCT measurements are normally distributed (p = 0.307), while ImageJ is not normally distributed (p = 0.027). Therefore, the mean difference between the two groups was analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. There was a statistically significant difference between the CBCT and ImageJ measurements (p = 0.01). According to Spearman's correlation analysis, the results obtained from the novel method were moderately correlated with those obtained from the reference method (r = 0.444). The results of this study indicated that a novel method-based Java software can be used to calculate pulp volume using low-dose radiation containing periapical radiography.

Precision and Speed at Your Fingertips: An Automated Intracranial Hematoma Volume Calculation

BackgroundIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe condition that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. Automated methods for calculating ICH volumes can reduce human error and improve clinical decision-making. A novel automated method has been developed that is comparable to the ABC/2 method in terms of speed and accuracy while providing more accurate volumetric data. MethodWe developed a novel automated algorithm for calculating intracranial blood volume from CT scans. The algorithm consists of a Python script that processes DICOM images and determines the blood volume and ratio. The algorithm was validated against manual calculations performed by neurosurgeons. ResultsOur novel automated algorithm for calculating intracranial blood volume from CT scans demonstrated excellent agreement with the ABC/2 method, with a median overall difference of just 1.46 mL. The algorithm was also validated in patient groups with ICH, EDH, and SDH, with agreement coefficients of 0.992, 0.983, and 0.997, respectively. ConclusionThe study introduces a novel automated algorithm for calculating the volumes of various intracranial hemorrhages (ICH, EDH, and SDH) within CT scans. The algorithm showed excellent agreement with manual calculations and outperformed the commonly used ABC/2 method, which tends to overestimate ICH volume. The automated algorithm offers a more accurate, efficient, and time-saving approach to quantifying ICH, EDH, and SDH volumes, making it a valuable tool for clinical evaluation and decision-making.

Prediction of obliteration of unruptured cerebral aneurysm by residual aneurysm volume after flow diverter stent treatment

Introduction There is no methodology to predict aneurysm occlusion using residual volume after flow diverter stent treatment. We retrospectively examined whether residual aneurysm volume at 6 months postoperatively can predict the degree of aneurysm obliteration at 1 year after flow diverter stent treatment. Materials and Methods This single institution study included 101 consecutive patients who underwent flow diverter stent treatment for unruptured cerebral aneurysm. Based on pre-treatment aneurysm volume, the percentage residual volume was calculated 6 months postoperatively. The volume of the aneurysm was determined using the volume calculation function of the cerebral angiography equipment. 1 year postoperatively, patients were classified into two groups: the good obliteration group (GG; O'KellyMarotta [OKM] grading scale: C and D) and the poor obliteration group (PG; OKM: A and B). Statistical analysis was performed to determine if there was a difference in residual aneurysm volume percentage at 6 months postoperatively between the two groups. Results A total of 20 patients were studied: 6 in the GG and 14 in the PG. Mean residual aneurysm volume at 6 months postoperatively in the GG was 33.1% (±34.7), while that in the PG was 80.6% (±24.8) (P=0.018). A residual aneurysm volume of ≥35.2% at 6 months postoperatively was significantly associated with poor aneurysm obliteration at 1 year postoperatively (AUC=0.88, P=0.008). Conclusions Residual aneurysm volume percentage at 6 months after flow diverter stent treatment might be able to predict the likelihood of aneurysm occlusion at 1 year postoperatively