Calculation Of Fees Research Articles

ОБЛІК ОСНОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The war provoked significant challenges in asset accounting in general. The article examines the problems of accounting for fixed assets under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. In April 2022, 55.9% of enterprises in Ukraine partially or completely stopped their work due to the war. Whereas, in November 2022, the situation changed for the better and the number of non-working enterprises decreased by 24.2%. The key issues of accounting for fixed assets are their recognition, determination of their book value, calculation of depreciation, as well as revaluation and liquidation (write-off). It has been established that traditional approaches to the recognition and calculation of depreciation of fixed assets in the conditions of war need to be revised and transformed. It is necessary to review the points of the accounting policy in terms of depreciation charges, in particular the useful life of fixed assets, liquidation value, amortized cost, depreciation methods used by the enterprise. The changes in the revaluation accounting of fixed assets were studied. It was considered and proposed to improve the method of writing off fixed assets, to ensure proper documentation and accounting. If there is access to the objects of fixed assets and the possibility of recording the facts of physical destruction, theft or fire, a commission must be formed, which forms the corresponding supporting documents. The company should reflect the depreciation of assets as expenses. If the enterprise does not have access to the assets and there are no relevant documents certifying their damage, then these objects of fixed assets continue to be reflected on the enterprise's balance sheet.an important condition for writing off fixed assets is the availability of primary documents, accounting registers, financial statements and other documents related to the calculation and payment of taxes and fees. The issue of reflecting in the financial statements fixed assets located in the occupied territories, relocated, physically destroyed in part or in full, stolen by the occupiers, etc. was studied. In the annual financial statements for 2022, enterprises must already reflect the consequences of the influence of military aggression on the financial condition of the enterprise. In particular, it is necessary to test assets that are not subject to their depreciation, to estimate the amount of the reserve for doubtful debts, to write off damaged assets that no longer meet the recognition criteria.

ПРАКТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ БІЗНЕС-ПЛАНУ ДЛЯ ОТРИМАННЯ ГРАНТУ ВЕТЕРАНАМ ТА ЧЛЕНАМ ЇХ РОДИН У ПРОГРАМІ «ЄРОБОТА»

The article discusses the main practical aspects of the formation of the financial part of a business plan for obtaining grant funding for starting or developing one's own business from the YeRobota program for veterans and their family members. The main rules are outlined, according to which it is necessary to develop a plan of income and expenses, as one of the necessary parts of the business plan. Recommendations are given on the algorithm for filling out the financial part of the business plan. Recommendations are provided for filling out each section of the financial part of the business plan. The main approaches to calculations, calculation of taxes and mandatory fees are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the need to take into account the essential conditions of the grantor, namely: the amount of own funds is applied to grants in the amount of UAH 500,000 to UAH 1,000,000 and is 30% of the grant amount; the number of new employees under the terms of the grant program depends on the amount of the grant: a grant of up to UAH 250,000 – one employee; from UAH 250,000 to UAH 500,000 – two employees; from UAH 500,000 to UAH 1,000,000 – four employees, two of whom are combatants and/or persons with disabilities as a result of the war. The main approaches and methods for the high-quality development of the income and expenditure plan of the business plan are described, which must be strictly followed in order to have a chance of receiving non-refundable grant funding from the government program "eRobota". Generalized recommendations on the formation of sections are given: "Costs related to the sale of products/providing services", "Purchase of property for the implementation of activities", "Costs for rent", "Other payments", "Utility services (gas, electricity, water) ", "Insurance", "Telephone and Internet", "Marketing and advertising", "Security", "Purchase or leasing of equipment", "Postal, printing, stationery", "Transport and delivery", "Payment for professional services (legal, accounting, etc.), "Total labor costs", "Applicant's salary (for FOP)", "Employee remuneration", "Grant refund", "Payment of taxes and fees". It is emphasized that in order to correctly form the financial part of the business plan, it is necessary to carefully familiarize yourself with the requirements of the tender documentation, the provisions of the legal framework and the recommendations of the program developers. It was concluded that the quality of the development of the financial part of the business plan is of great importance for receiving non-refundable grant assistance from the "eRobota" program.

Does an initial public offering (IPO) issuer's Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee calculation method predict pricing revisions and IPO underpricing?

AbstractThis paper proposes a new proxy for the ex ante expectations of issuers and their underwriters about the direction of pricing revisions during the roadshows of an initial public offering (IPO): the way issuers elect to calculate the registration fees owed to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Consistent with fee‐minimizing decision‐making, I find that the choice of fee calculation method is associated with pricing revisions and IPO underpricing. This relationship suggests that issuers or their advisors may not incorporate economically significant private valuation information into the initial pricing range estimate and initial public offering price. The results provide empirical support for theoretical models of partial adjustment and IPO underpricing driven by the preferences of underwriters or managers of issuers for underpriced IPOs.

Effect of Audit Attributes on the Financial Reporting Quality of Nigerian Insurance Companies

This study investigated the association that exists between the audit attributes and the financial reporting quality of firms listed under insurance sector of Nigerian economy. The study had five objectives that include the investigation of audit type, audit tenure, joint audit, industry specialised audit and audit fee on the financial reporting quality as was measured by discretionary accruals using modified Jones model. The use of ex post facto research design was adopted which necessitated collection of secondary data from the annual report of the twenty two sampled insurance firms, from 2011 to 2020 financial years. The data were analysed using statistical tools like descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, fixed effect and random effect model tests, where Hausman test was used to choose the best between the two models, as a requirement for running panel data regression analysis. The empirical result therefrom indicates that audit type has positive and no significant effect on the financial reporting quality. Further result shows that audit fee has inverse statistical significant effect on financial reporting quality at 1% level. Nonetheless, audit tenure, joint audit and industry specialised audit have negative but no significant effect on financial reporting quality of the listed insurance firms. The study recommendations emanating from the findings among others maintain that the regulatory bodies should reaffirm that audit firms rely on professional benchmark-based fee calculation in every audit engagement, bearing in mind that any compromise or cut in audit fee, possibly as a result of competing for clients, would undermine the quality of financial reporting in the sector

A Study of Rent Fee Assessment on the Port Railway Station: The Litigation Case Study of a Korean Container Terminal

This study provides a systematic method for determining the proper rent fee of a port railway station with a litigation case study of Busan port container terminal. The Port Rail Station Operating Company (PRSOC) leases and operates the port railway station of the port authority (PA). The PA wants to receive a rent fee with the goal of recovering the investment cost, and the PRSOC wants to pay rent to the extent that it can generate an appropriate profit. In order to reasonably estimate the rent fee, this study attempted using a method of estimating the capacity-based demand of the rail station. A recent discussion of terminal rentals concerns what to rent. That is, will only the infrastructure be leased, or will the substructure and the superstructure be leased? Will the infrastructure, superstructure, and equipment be leased? Rail station capacity encounters a bottleneck when measuring railroad track capacity, i.e. RMGC capacity. In other words, arbitrary demand estimation leads to operating losses for PRSOC and may also cause losses to investors because investment costs cannot be recovered. In this study, data such as investment cost, operating cost, and sales required for the construction of the rail station were collected from the Ministry of Ocean and Fishery, PA, and PRSOC. Based on these data, a proper rent fee is proposed by analyzing the cash flow on the premise of operation for the next 30 years. This study adopts the discounted cashflow (DCF) method because DCF allows an objective and consistent comparison of rent fee levels from the PA and PRSOC perspectives. Using DCF, this study finds that the proper rent fee from the perspective of the PA is USD 397,045, while the PRSOC’s proper rent fee is USD 355,801. Thus, it is reasonable to set the standard for determining the proper rent fee by calculating and comparing the rent fee level from the perspective of PA’s investment cost recovery and PRSOC’s operating balance maintenance perspective. This study suggests that the DCF method should be applied to standardize the rent fee calculation system for the port railway station.

ANALISIS SISTEM ANTRIAN PADA PELAYANAN JASA PT ASABRI (PERSERO) GUNA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN

This research aims to find out the effectiveness of time service and the calculation of fee in the queuing system at the service counter of PT ASABRI (Persero) Branch Malang. The research was conducted by testing the steady- state, and testing the distribution using Kolmogorov Smirnov. The results showed that the steady-state value was 0.461 and has a multi channel-single phase, queuing structure with a queuing model (G/G/2): (FIFO/∞/∞). The average number of customers in the system (Ls) was 1, the average time spent by each customer at the service counter (Ws) was 8.76 minutes, the average number of customers waiting in the queue (Lq) was 0.059, the average time spent by customers waiting in the queue (Wq) was 1.86 minutes. Therefore, the hourly queue fee is IDR 49,984.067 per hour, and the monthly fee incurred is IDR 4,278.175 monthly. It can be concluded that the service counter at PT ASABRI (Persero) Branch Malang is optimal.

Методические подходы и экономическое обоснование лицензионных вознаграждений за селекционные достижения в льняном подкомплексе

Abstract. The paper presents the results of scientific research in the field of flax growing, based on the study of methods and methods for calculating the value of the royalty rate for a selection achievement on the example of financial and economic relations between the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the LC and economic entities, the factors that can influence the amount of royalties in the flax subcomplex are given. Methodological approaches for calculating the projected amount of royalties at the conclusion of a non-exclusive license agreement with potential licensees are presented. The procedure for calculating the amount of royalties for inventions is set out in a number of regulatory legal acts that have been in force since the USSR. However, there is currently no methodology for calculating rewards for breeding achievements in the field of flax growing. The relevance of the study is to develop a methodology for calculating the amount of mandatory payments for the use of a selection achievement in a linen subcomplex. This technique will speed up the procedure for assessing the cost of breeding achievements – domestic varieties of flax. The application of the methodology will ensure an increase in the efficiency of the management of breeding achievements as a material asset that brings income to a scientific institution. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for calculating rewards for the use of a selection achievement as an object of intellectual property, using the example of flax varieties created in the FSBI FNC LC, taking into account the biological characteristics of the culture and the specifics of production in the flax subcomplex. Methods. In the course of the study, methods of comparative, abstract-logical, functional-cost analysis, expert evaluation were used. The result of practical application is the new methodological approaches developed by the authors to the calculation of the license fee for the use of breeding achievements – flax varieties, taking into account factors affecting the amount of royalties. The scientific novelty. It consists in the economic justification of the methodology for calculating license fees for the use of domestic varieties of flax in relation to various subjects of the Russian Federation and the areas of application of flax raw materials (textiles, medicine, etc.), taking into account the biological characteristics of the culture and the specifics of its production.

Mutual fund knowledge assessment for policy and decision problems

We develop a measure of mutual fund investment knowledge that complements existing fi- nancial literacy measures. Our question battery was administered to 3,444 survey respondents. We validate the index with factor analysis identifying two latent components, and descriptive regressions demonstrating the additive value of our index beyond general financial literacy in explaining variation in financial well-being, investment ownership, and fee calculation profi- ciency. Despite mutual funds’ importance in household savings, our index suggests that the public lacks adequate understanding of them. We demonstrate the utility of our index for studying selected decision and policy problems.

Considering the recent increase in license fees in Turkey, how can the negative effect of the fees on the mining operating costs be reduced?

In Turkey, for mining enterprises to realize their activities and conduct mining production, they are obliged to pay operating license fees annually. This obligation starts from the date of operating license application, about 1–1.5 years before the enterprises obtain a production permit. In recent years, an increase in the operating license fees has occurred as a result of the amendments made in the mining legislation. These increases made in the fees might become revenue loss in the forthcoming years despite creating an increase in the revenues of the state. In Turkey, according to Law No.7164 came into force in 2019, mineral groups, operating license areas and periods are considered in the calculation of operating license fee. In this direction, these factors in the fee calculation were used in the calculations by means of the answers given by enterprises through SurveyMonkey program. These fees paid to start from the mining operating license application to obtaining an operation permit are included in the investment cost. These costs were proportioned to the investment costs of the enterprises. Fees paid after obtaining an operation permit are operating costs. And, these fees were proportioned to the operating costs of the enterprises. Also, operating license fees per hectare were calculated. All these data were compared for the legislation periods 2005–2015, 2016–2019, 2020 and after in Turkey. An increase of 98% on average on US$ basis has arisen in these fees in 2020 compared to the legislation period 2016–2019 due to the new formula foreseen particularly in the calculation of operating license fees. Also, mining enterprises paid these fees 3.5% more on US$ basis in 2021 compared to 2020 due to the license period being considered in the new calculation formula. Although the rate of increase decreases every year, increases close to this rate will emerge. Mining enterprises should be responsible for the calculation method and conditions of operating license fee that is valid on the date when operating licenses are obtained. And, they should annually pay operating license fees according to this method. Considering that enterprises pay high fees for other land uses too, the increasing license fees should be demanded from enterprises in the direction that they will not create mining cost risk and that the state will charge the optimum fee. If there will not be discounts in the other fees required from enterprises, in line with the expectation of the mining sector, the operating license fee calculation methods in the previous legislation periods can be applied. This fee may not be taken before the operation permit. Or, even if the current operating license fee formula is applied, changes can be made in the critera used in the formula. Within the scope, if permit area is used instead of license area in the calculation, operating license fees will be calculated ∼50–55% deducted.

A New Methodology for Updating Land Cover Maps in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas of Levying Stormwater Utility Fee

With a steady increase in impervious surfaces due to urbanization in Korea, there is a growing burden and an urgent need to fund better management of nonpoint sources of pollution and stormwater. A prerequisite for securing the necessary financial resources is the determination of basic data for the accurate calculation of impervious surfaces as the basis for estimating the costs of nonpoint source pollution control and billing of stormwater utility fees. This requires the extraction of landcover information in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment and development of a landcover map that accurately delineates pervious surfaces within impervious surface areas. However, since landcover maps in Korea are generated and updated at irregular intervals, it is difficult to properly track land use changes. To address this problem, this study has developed a new method for the detailed updating of landcover maps in developing urban areas to facilitate the calculation of stormwater utility fees. Sejong City was selected as the study site because it has experienced large-scale land use changes due to the recent relocation of the national administrative capital and continuous urbanization. The methodology proposed in this study is based on various spatial data such as aerial photographs and digital topographic maps and follows four process steps: preprocessing, first and second updates of landcover information, and quality assurance. In a test of this method, a total of 19,049 reclassified items were generated in the first and second updates, affecting a total area of 26.49 km2 within the original landcover map. The accuracy of these updates reached 99.78%, considering the changed areas and rate of change. This study provides fundamental data for further application of a stormwater utility fee policy in Korea. However, further research is required to automate the generation of accurate pervious/impervious maps and develop pertinent guidelines so that individual municipal and provincial governments can generate and update their own pervious/impervious maps as a basis for calculating the impervious surfaces in their regions.

Extended producer responsibility system in Russia: environmental aspect in the calculation of the environmental fee

Extended producer responsibility system in Russia: environmental aspect in the calculation of the environmental fee

Water Supply-Demand and Transferring Compensation Fee

Reliable water availability has been termed “water security”, defined as “the availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks to people, environments and economies.” Water is a mostly important resource for Taiwan, an island surrounded with Taiwan Strait and the Pacific Ocean. Three main utilizations of water are for livelihood, agriculture, and industry. Three properties of water are quantity, quality, and water right. Three control factors are sufficient for quantity, stable for quality, and fair for distribution. In the seriously global climate change, the conjunction uses for surface water and groundwater will be the long-term strategy, while the compensation for transferring the water volumes from agriculture to industry is a short-term purpose. In this article, the water supply-demand of Taiwan from 2010 to 2019 will be discussed and the example of 2016, a significant period, are given. Here, the calculation of compensation fee for transferring the water volumes from agricultural purpose to industrial utilization is also presented.

Implementation Of Land Administration For Aquaculture Management (Case Study: South Coastal Of Sumenep Regency)

Sumenep Regency has a large area of water with enormous fisheries and marine potential. These conditions make the coastal area of Sumenep Regency very potential to be used as aquaculture business land. Aquaculture is a human activity or effort to increase aquatic productivity through aquaculture activities. However, the management of this pond business did not optimal. Many fishpond businesses were running even though they had not yet received permission from the relevant agencies. Therefore, an orderly administration of land is required to resolve these problems. In this research, an inventory of licensed and unlicensed aquaculture businesses, an analysis of the status of the business area and its suitability for the RTRW document, as well as calculation of fees and contributions to the realization of local revenue was carried out. The analysis conducted in this study used the overlay method. The results show that there were 101 unlicensed aquaculture ponds and 6 licensed aquaculture ponds. The results of the calculation of levies from 101 unlicensed ponds in the amount of Rp. 166,082,500.00, included in the fairly good criteria of 36.9%. While permitted farm levies in the amount of Rp. 55,871,000.00 included in the less contribution criteria of 12.4%. The suitability of the unlicensed pond business with the RTRW documents obtained 83.46 Ha was suitable and 106.3 Ha was not suitable and the licensed ponds are 17.2 Ha was suitable while 38.6 Ha was not suitable. The results of this research can be used as an evaluation for granting business licenses and RTRW document enforcement in the field.

遠隔モニタリングを用いた看護支援と「糖尿病透析予防指導管理料」の算定状況に関する実態調査

遠隔モニタリングを用いた看護支援と「糖尿病透析予防指導管理料」の算定状況に関する実態調査

Development of the structure of information system for supporting the activity of nonprofit horticultural partnerships

The developed automated system of information support for nonprofit horticultural partnerships (NHP) is intended for automation of management accounting of the economic activities of NHP. The effective management of the activity of nonprofit horticultural partnerships requires operating full, accurate, objective and timely economic information. This can be achieved through management accounting of the economic activity of NHP. The subject of this research is the methods of automation of control, monitoring and support of the establishment of management reporting of NHP. The object of this research is the information systems functioning within the “client-server” architecture. The research methods include the apparatus of relational algebra, theory of sets, optimization and mathematical statistics. It is noted that the activity of many NHP is carried out in the so-called “manual mode”, i.e. all necessary documents the employees fill by hand, and all calculations are by means of calculator. This substantiates the relevance of this research. Leaning on the conducted comparison of software products-analogues based the Saati method, the software “Info-Accountant for NHP” is chosen as a prototype. The author determines and describes the main algorithms of the developed system, the peculiarity of which is the formation of balance sheet and reports of its implementation, calculation of membership fees, introduction of the function of subsystem of NHP reference books(of the owners of land plots, streets, tariffs, expenditures, etc.). The output data is provided in form of a chart on the display form of the report subsystem. The scientific novelty lies in the suggested approach towards automation of accounting:  development of the forecast for pumping up the budget based on the previous periods.

Assessing audit fees: Turnover, inflation & minimum stipend rate

Auditing firms rely on audit fees to generate revenue. The audit fee is generally agreed upon by auditee and auditor. For the calculation of audit fees, no standard formula exists. Pakistan's regulatory body for audit firms ‘ICAP' has imposed certain cost constraints on audit firms. As per the literature, stipend rates have been used rarely to determine audit fees. As a result, this paper examines audit fee determination using variables such as the company's assets, turnover, current ratio, inflation, and minimum stipend rate. These variables are especially influential in a developing country such as Pakistan. To determine audit fees, a panel regression model is being de-veloped. We used data from 40 publicly traded companies from 2014 to 2017 to regress on our model. After extensive testing with the Hausman and F-tests, the fixed effect model is finally applied. Empirically, it was discov-ered that the current ratio, the entity's turnover, and the stipend amount all have a significant positive effect on the calculation of audit fees. T The study's findings have significant implications not only for audit firms, but also for auditees in determining audit fees.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ПОДАТКОВОГО ОБЛІКУ ТА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОДАТКОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

The article considers the organization of tax accounting and the importance of forming optimal tax policy of any business entity. Optimal tax policy should significantly contribute to the improvement of management methods, increase the profitability of the enterprise, and strengthen the stable financial condition and stable operation of the enterprise and the fulfillment of obligations to the budget. In any business, when planning profits, the tax system is an integral part of this process, because the amount of taxes depends on the amount of net profit that the company will have. Therefore, an important step for the company to develop its own tax policy is to choose a tax system that will be most acceptable for its form of ownership, organizational form and which will best meet the financial objectives of the enterprise. Choosing a tax system is also a significant step. Not only it depends on what taxes and in what amounts the company will be paying, but also the procedure for determining the tax base, accounting and reporting. The main tool of the tax policy of the enterprise is tax accounting. The essence of tax accounting is the economic and financial relation between state tax authorities and legal entities and individuals, which arise in the calculation and payment of taxes and fees. It is conducted in order to form complete and accurate information about business transactions conducted by taxpayers during the reporting period for tax purposes, as well as providing information to internal and external users to control the accuracy of accrual, completeness and timeliness of tax payments. The organization of the process of tax accounting at enterprises provides for the determination on the basis of tax legislation of the range of basic taxes to be paid to the budgets of different levels and extrabudgetary funds; determination of sources of payment; accounting for the accrual and payment of taxes; determination of the tax base; tax rates; terms of payment; determination of requisites of the organizations to the address to which transfers are made; determination of benefits or special conditions for tax calculation.

Construction of GIS-Based Databases as a Platform for Financial Management of Land in Quat Lam Town of Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam

In recent years, as a result of urbanization and the development of tourism and services, land market in Vietnam has been blooming. This has made land management in general and financial management of land in particular become more important than ever. Based on GIS technology, the present study has built a database with full details of each land parcel in order to support financial management of land in Quat Lam, a coastal tourist town in Nam Dinh Province. The database also provides land users and managers with sufficient information on transportation, hydrology and service systems, which influence land price. The database allows land managers to carry out financial management related tasks such as: Searching for land parcel information; calculation of registration fees, calculation of income tax from the transfer of land use rights, compensation for ground clearance upon land acquisition; search of land parcels according to financial capability; development of specialized thematic maps regarding land prices, financial obligations and legal status of land, etc. The established database is practically valuable for land managers as well as land users as it facilitates the process of change updates, data analysis, processing and sharing, and consequently improving the efficiency in financial management of land.

PROBLEMS, EXPECTATIONS, AND AMENDMENTS REGARDING DISTANCE EDUCATION LEGISLATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN TURKEY

This study’s goal was to reveal amendments to the Procedures and Principles regarding Distance Education in Higher Education Institutions issued by the Higher Education Institution in Turkey, applications affected by these amendments, and problems and expectations at the system, program, and course levels. To this end, different versions of the Procedures and Principles regarding Distance Education in Higher Education Institutions were examined to determine the existing amendments to the Procedures and Principles and the areas affected by them. Eight individuals who had served as administrators in distance education centers of universities in Turkey for at least three years and who were selected by the purposive sampling method were interviewed to reveal expectations for the Procedures and Principles. This study was based on the qualitative research design. Document review and interview were used as data collection methods. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The analyses have shown that the amendments to the Procedures and Principles affect especially program and course opening, branching, assignment, and student admission practices. Within the scope of the study, distance education executives stated their expectations for issues such as program and course opening and the determination of supervisors, assignment procedures, and taking into account the course student coefficient in the calculation of course fees.

공공지원사업 참여예술가의 표준 사례비 도입을 위한 기초연구: 한국문화예술위원회의 ‘신나는 예술여행’을 중심으로

This research is a basic study conducted to encourage the introduction of a policy on artists’ fees across the artistic world. It was conducted by using field data executed by 484 art organizations that participated in the “Arts Tour” project funded by the Arts Council Korea in 2018 to explore the criteria for fee calculation, which are essential for establishing the minimum fee schedule. The aims of this study are to statistically verify the different artists’ fees of groups categorized by the project types, genres, and personal characteristics and to derive common variables that significantly affect the calculation of such fees. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-test, and multiple regression analysis were used as research methods. As a result of the study, the differences in the fees payable by artists according to project types and genres are found to be statistically significant. Meanwhile, for all types of projects, the number of artists—one of the common variables—has been verified as having a negative effect on the “fee per artist,” and, even in the case of the same type of project, the differences in “fee per artist” depending on gender, age, and role were significant. The study reported gaps in artists’ fees per person in public projects, meaning that project types and the general characteristics of the artists need to be combined. The future process of institutionalization of artist’s fee ought to allow discussions on specific regulations or guidelines regarding the per capita cost.