A New Methodology for Updating Land Cover Maps in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas of Levying Stormwater Utility Fee

Abstract

With a steady increase in impervious surfaces due to urbanization in Korea, there is a growing burden and an urgent need to fund better management of nonpoint sources of pollution and stormwater. A prerequisite for securing the necessary financial resources is the determination of basic data for the accurate calculation of impervious surfaces as the basis for estimating the costs of nonpoint source pollution control and billing of stormwater utility fees. This requires the extraction of landcover information in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment and development of a landcover map that accurately delineates pervious surfaces within impervious surface areas. However, since landcover maps in Korea are generated and updated at irregular intervals, it is difficult to properly track land use changes. To address this problem, this study has developed a new method for the detailed updating of landcover maps in developing urban areas to facilitate the calculation of stormwater utility fees. Sejong City was selected as the study site because it has experienced large-scale land use changes due to the recent relocation of the national administrative capital and continuous urbanization. The methodology proposed in this study is based on various spatial data such as aerial photographs and digital topographic maps and follows four process steps: preprocessing, first and second updates of landcover information, and quality assurance. In a test of this method, a total of 19,049 reclassified items were generated in the first and second updates, affecting a total area of 26.49 km2 within the original landcover map. The accuracy of these updates reached 99.78%, considering the changed areas and rate of change. This study provides fundamental data for further application of a stormwater utility fee policy in Korea. However, further research is required to automate the generation of accurate pervious/impervious maps and develop pertinent guidelines so that individual municipal and provincial governments can generate and update their own pervious/impervious maps as a basis for calculating the impervious surfaces in their regions.