Calcium Intake Research Articles

Food consumption, physical activity and aerobic capacity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with high cardiovascular risk

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune and multisystemic rheumatic disease. Patients with SLE have decreased functional and aerobic capacity, as well as increased prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), which are the primary causes of morbimortality in this condition. Dietary intake and physical activity are well-known modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study is to describe food consumption, sedentary behavior, physical activity level, and functional and aerobic capacity in a sample of SLE patients with high cardiovascular risk. This was a cross-sectional study in which patients were assessed for (i) Demographic, anthropometric, and disease-related parameters; (ii) Food consumption; (iii) Physical activity level and sedentary behavior; (iv) Functional and aerobic capacity. Patients averaged 41.7 ± 9 years, and most were classified as overweight/obese (87%). Average macronutrient intake was within recommendations; however, fiber (16 ± 9g) and calcium (391 ± 217 mg) intakes were below, and sodium intake (2.9 ± 1.3 mg) was above recommendations. Besides, food consumption assessed by the Nova system showed a predominance of unprocessed foods (43.8 ± 14.0%TEI), although ultraprocessed food intake (20.0 ± 13.9%TEI) was slightly higher than that seen in the Brazilian population. Patients also exhibited high sedentary behavior (8.2 ± 2.2h) and only eighteen participants reached the minimum recommended amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Overall, patients had a low functional and aerobic capacity compared to the general population. Data from this study may help design dedicated clinical trials aiming to investigate the effects of lifestyle intervention to mitigate CVD in SLE.

Влияние генотипа баранчиков на минеральный обмен

The article presents the results of studying the features of mineral metabolism in the body of purebred Romanov sheep (group I), its crossbreeds of the first generation with Edilbai - ½ Romanov × ½ Edilbai (group II) and the second generation - ¼ Romanov × ¾ Edilbai (group III). It was found that due to the effect of crossing, crossbred sheep of groups II and III outperformed purebred peers of group I in terms of calcium and phosphorus intake with feed by 3.93‑20.39% and 12.23‑14.63%, their deposition in the body - by 15.30‑25.07% and 16.20‑17.88%, the value of the utilization factor from the accepted - by 0.38‑1.92% and 1.56‑4.57%.

Analyses of the Elemental Content of three Brands of Natron in Four Local Government Areas in Kebbi State

Natron is the second most consumed salt in Nigeria. It is used as a food additive to cook beans, maize, and other palatable foods. Several studies have investigated the elemental content in this salt in Nigeria. However, there is paucity of information on the elemental content of this widely consumed salt in Kebbi State. Thus, this study is focused on the analyses of elemental content in Natron in sold in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kebbi State. Three brands of Natron were collected from markets in Birnin Kebbi, Jega, Kalgo and Bunza local governments. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to analyse the elemental content. Furthermore, the elemental content values were collated for the samples of the different brands of Natron. The sodium content of the Kanwa Jarirai brand in Jega had the lowest sodium content of while the Balma brand in Bunza had the highest sodium content of . All three Natron brands investigated in the four LGAs exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit for potassium, iron and, manganese levels. All the brands of Natron did not satisfy the adult daily calcium intake except for the Kanwa Jarirai from Jega with . Moreso, all the three brands in the selected four LGAs satisfied the sodium permissible WHO limits. The iron, manganese, and potassium WHO permissible limits were not met. In addition, the Natron from the four LGAs did not satisfy the adult daily intake of calcium except the Kanwa Jarirai from Jega. Consumers will need to be cautious of the usage of the analysed Natrons as they contained high levels of sodium which might not be beneficial to cardiovascular health.

Bone mineral density and body composition in Australians following plant-based diets vs. regular meat diets.

Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition play an important role in maintaining metabolic health and physical functioning. Plant-based diets (PBDs) are known to be lower in protein and calcium, which can impact BMD and body composition. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between various PBDs compared to regular meat diet and whole-body BMD, body composition, and weight status. A cross-sectional study was conducted with adults (n = 240) aged 30-75 years, who habitually followed dietary patterns: vegan, lacto-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, or regular meat eater (48 per group). Parameters were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and multivariable regression analyses were used to adjust for lifestyle confounders, socioeconomic factors, and BMI. After adjustments, whole-body BMD and body composition were not significantly different between those following PBDs and regular meat diets, except for lacto-ovo vegetarians, who had significantly lower lean mass by -1.46 kg (CI: -2.78, -0.13). Moreover, lacto-ovo vegetarians had a significantly lower T-score by -0.41 SD (CI: -0.81, -0.01) compared to regular meat eaters. Waist circumference was significantly lower in individuals adhering to a PBD compared to a regular meat diet: vegans by -4.67 cm (CI: -8.10, -1.24), lacto-ovo vegetarians by -3.92 cm (CI: -6.60, -1.23), pesco-vegetarians by -3.24 cm (CI: -6.09, -0.39), and semi-vegetarians by -5.18 cm (CI: -7.79, -2.57). There were no significant differences in lean mass (%), fat mass (% and total), android/gynoid measures, body weight, or BMI across dietary patterns. All dietary patterns met the recommended dietary intake for calcium and protein, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D status was comparable across groups. This cross-sectional study found that adhering to a PBD characterized by varying degrees of dairy and meat restriction is not associated with meaningful changes in BMD or body composition, provided that the dietary patterns are planned appropriately with adequate levels of calcium and protein.

Caffeine and Ovariectomy Debilitate Bone Health in Rats on Calcium-deficient Diet.

This study investigated the effects of ovariectomy and caffeine intake on bone health in rats on calcium-deficient diet. Forty adults female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups in a 2x2 factorial design: Ovary (OVX/SHAM) and Caffeine (placebo/caffeine). The animals were housed in individual cages for 8 weeks, receiving 18-20g of AIN-93M diet per day, containing 50% of the daily recommended intake of calcium. The rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or laparotomy (SHAM) surgery. Caffeine groups received 6mg of caffeine/kg/day. After euthanasia, the tibia and femur were dissected to determine the calcium content and bone fracture strength, respectively. Blood sample was collected to determine serum Ostase. 24-hour urine was analyzed for excreted calcium and NTx. Reduced bone fracture strength and calcium content were observed in OVX and Caffeine groups. When observed separately, OVX group showed increased urinary NTx and lower bone weight, blood ostase, and urinary calcium. Caffeine groups showed elevated urinary calcium. There was a positive correlation between bone fracture strength and calcium content. NTx correlated negatively with bone calcium, fracture strength and thickness. In conclusion, both OVX and caffeine intake debilitate bone health in rats on calcium-deficient diet.

Relationship of hypertension with dietary intake of calcium, magnesium, Vitamin D and Vitamin E among adult males

ABSTRACT Aims: Hypertension remains a main cause of premature death worldwide. Micronutrients are crucial in the regulation of blood pressure, therefore, we aimed to examine the associations between calcium, magnesium, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E intakes and hypertension among adult males. Settings and Design: Community-based, descriptive study. Materials and Methods: The study included 450 men with a mean age of 46.79 ± 15.88. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. An automated arm digital sphygmomanometer was used to monitor the resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values. Dietary intake including Ca, Mg, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The population sample was divided into two groups according to hypertension status as follows: hypertensive and normotensive groups. Statistical Analysis Used: The independent t-test was performed to assess the differences between the hypertensive and the normotensive groups. Results: The hypertensive participants were older and had a higher mean body mass index, fat %, SBP, DBP, pulse pressure and heart rate compared with nonhypertensive participants. Among micronutrient intake, hypertensive group had significantly higher Vitamin D intake than the normotensive group. Conclusions: This study found a significant association between Vitamin D intake, as assessed using FFQ, and hypertension, but not between Ca, Mg, or Vitamin E. To clarify the potential association between micronutrient intake and hypertension, more studies, and clinical trials should be conducted.

Health Effects of Consuming Artesian Water Supplied through the Centralized Distribution Network in the Population of Arid Areas of the Saratov Region

Introduction: Statistics show that over 11 million Russians use untreated tap water noncompliant with safety standards. Consumption of such water may have adverse human health effects and pose risks of various diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between consumption of artesian tap water sourced from centrally operated water supply systems in arid areas of the Saratov Region and the prevalence of cardiovascular, urogenital, and digestive diseases in the local population. Materials and methods: We examined 127 artesian water samples collected from the centralized water supply systems in three arid areas of the Saratov Region in 2008–2022. The water quality was tested by atomic absorption spectrometry, photoelectric photometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis. Data on the residents receiving follow-up care for genitourinary, digestive, and circulatory diseases were obtained from the Saratov Medical Information and Analytical Center. The Statistica 10 software was used for data analysis. Results: We observed high levels of total hardness (24 ± 3 mg-equiv./L), alkalinity (7.5 ± 0.2 units), total mineralization (2,454 ± 546 mg/L), nitrate salts (99 ± 23 mg/L), chlorides (1,610 ± 462 mg/L), sulfates (753 ± 64 mg/L), as well as ions of manganese (up to 11 MPC), magnesium (up to 8.8 MPC), and iron (up to 10.83 MPC) in artesian water samples tested showing noncompliance with tap water quality requirements. We also established that daily calcium intake with tap water (1,403.5 ± 199.5 mg/day) exceeded the recommended one. We established a strong correlation (r = 0.931, r2 = 0.867, p < 0.001) between the mean daily consumption of non-conforming artesian tap water (1.4 ± 0.01 L/day in the Fedorovsky district, 0.7 ± 0.01 L/day in the Novouzensky district, and 0.1 ± 0.01 L/day in the Alexandrovo-Gaysky district) and the proportion of residents of the arid areas of the Saratov Region followed up for diseases of the genitourinary system (1,266 ± 64.3, 1,691.4 ± 107.8, and 758.4 ± 18.1, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings show the necessity of improving measures aimed at raising the quality of water supply in arid areas, including the development of additional measures for preliminary water treatment, and importance of tap water quality control for prevention of adverse health outcomes related to chronic exposure to waterborne chemicals.

Минеральная плотность костной ткани у молодых пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by the development of various systemic manifestations. One of the significant extraintestinal manifestations of IBD is a decrease in mineral density (BMD) (demineralization) of bone tissue and osteoporosis (OP). The pathogenesis of decreased BMD is multifactorial: the activity of immune inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, medication intake, malnutrition (low calcium intake), decreased muscle and fat mass, vitamin D deficiency, as well as other factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis in such patients. Despite various studies examining the prevalence of decreased BMD in patients with IBD, data vary widely, ranging from 17 to 77%. The purpose is to evaluate BMD, levels of bone resorption markers in young patients with IBD, and to evaluate the relationship between BMD and osteosynthesis markers. Materials and methods. 62 patients with a verified diagnosis of IBD were examined: 30 patients had Crohn’s disease (CD), 32 patients had ulcerative colitis (UC). All patients underwent a general clinical examination, a double-absorption X-ray densitometric study with determination of BMD and bone mineral content (BMC), as well as determination of bone resorption parameters — osteocalcin, Beta-Crosslaps (C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen) and marker determination formation of bone matrix P1NP. The level of the mineral part of bone mass was measured using the bioimpedance method on the ABC-02 «MEDASS» apparatus. Results: Seven patients with IBD (11%) had low BMD for chronological age. The median values of BMD, osteocalcin, Beta-Crosslaps, and bone matrix formation marker P1NP in the general group of patients with IBD, as well as in the subgroups of patients with CD and UC are presented. A clinical example is presented. Conclusion. Diagnosis of osteoporosis in patients with IBD is difficult for several reasons. It is important to assess the presence of risk factors in conjunction with laboratory and instrumental examinations.

Osteoporosis in psoriatic arthritis: Risk factors, insufficiency fractures and its association with the disease activity

ObjectiveThe prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) and insufficiency fractures in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of OP and insufficiency fractures in a representative cohort of patients with PsA, and to analyse its association with general risk factors and characteristics of the psoriatic disease in our geographical area. MethodsMulti-centric, descriptive study of patients with PsA. We recorded clinical characteristics, as well as protective and risk factors for OP and insufficiency fractures. Hip and lumbar densitometry and lateral X-ray of the spine were evaluated. Descriptive statistics for OP and risk factors were calculated. The patients with OP were compared to those without by univariate analyses, and results were adjusted by age and sex. The association of OP and fractures with clinical characteristics was analysed by logistic regression. Results166 patients (50 men; 116 women) were included. OP was present in 26.5%, and it was more frequent in women and patients above 50 years old. Insufficiency fractures occurred in 5.4% of the total sample. In the logistic regression, OP was associated with age over 50 [OR 3.7; 95% CI (1.2–11.6); p=.02]. No association with clinical parameters was found. The most frequent risk factors among patients with OP were vitamin D insufficiency, sedentary behaviour, low calcium intake, and active smoking. In the logistic regression, OP was associated with early menopause [OR 11.7; 95% CI (1.29–106.0); p=.029] and sedentary behaviour [OR 2.3; 95% CI (1.0–5.2); p=.049]. ConclusionsIn patients with PsA, OP is more frequent in women and patients over 50 years old. A sedentary lifestyle and early menopause may add extra risk for OP. Type, duration disease, and treatments are not associated with OP or insufficiency fractures.

Distributions and Trends of the Global Burden of Colorectal Cancer Attributable to Dietary Risk Factors over the Past 30 Years.

Dietary risk has always been a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the contribution of dietary risk factors to CRC at the level of region, gender, and age has not been fully characterized. Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, the death rates, age-standardized mortality rates (ASDRs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the trends of CRC attributable to dietary risk factors over the past 30 years. Globally, the death cases of CRC increased to 1,085,797 in 2019, and the number of deaths attributed to dietary risk factors increased to 365,752 in 2019, representing approximately one-third of all CRC-related fatalities. Overall, the ASDR attributable to dietary risks was 4.61 per 100,000 in 2019, with a slight downward trend (EAPC = -0.29). Notably, there is a rising trend in early-onset colorectal cancer mortality associated with dietary factors. To alleviate CRC burdens, it is recommended to elevate the intake of whole grains, milk, calcium, and fiber while reducing consumption of red and processed meats. The results will improve the understanding, and provide guidance on the diet of CRC in different regions, gender, and age groups worldwide.

HUBUNGAN USIA MENARCHE, STATUS GIZI, ASUPAN KALSIUM DAN ZAT BESI DENGAN KEJADIAN DYSMENORRHEA (NYERI HAID) PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMPN 1 PABUARAN KAB. SERANG

Adolescence, especially Junior High School (SMP) age, is the early age of adolescents experiencing puberty for women which is marked by menstruation, often pain is felt when that period occurs, many factors influence this pain, one of which is nutrient intake and calcium. This study aims to determine the relationship between menarche age, nutritional status, calcium, and iron intake with the incidence of dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain) at SMPN 1 Pabuaran. The research design used is a correlation descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The research results obtained using the Spearman Rank test showed that the relationship between age and the incidence of dysmenorrhea had a p-value of 0.789> 0.05, so the result was that there was no relationship between age and the incidence of dysmenorrhea, then the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of dysmenorrhea obtained a p-value of 0.806> 0.05 means there is no relationship, then the relationship between calcium and the incidence of dysmenorrhea obtained a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, where the result is a relationship between iron intake with dysmenorrhea. From the results of the study it was found that there was no relationship between age and nutritional status and from the calcium and iron variables there was a relationship with a p-value <0.05.Keywords: Age of menarche, nutritional status, iron, calcium, dysmenorrhea, young women, menstrual pain

Development and validation of an eight-item calcium screener to assess daily calcium intake of patients with osteoporosis in clinical practice.

To validate a short food frequency questionnaire (screener) estimating daily average calcium intake from dietary sources to guide calcium supplementation of patients with osteoporosis in clinical practice. An eight-item calcium screener was developed based on existing literature, food consumption data and expert opinion. Convergent validity was determined by comparison with 3-day food records using mean difference, Spearman's correlation coefficients (SCC) and Bland-Altman analysis. Test-retest reliability was assessed by SCC and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) to identify patients requiring calcium supplementation (<1200 mg dietary calcium intake/day). Fifty-two patients filled out the eight-item calcium screener and the 3-day Food record (mean age of 66.8 ± 12.9 (SD)) and 38 patients filled out the screener twice for reliability analysis (mean age of 65.8 ± 12.8 (SD)). Dietary calcium intake between the calcium screener and food records showed a strong correlation (N = 52 patients, SCC = 0.53, p ≤ 0.001) and mean difference of 21 mg (p = 0.70). Bland-Altman analysis showed agreement within 95% confidence intervals for 49/52 comparisons (94%). Test-retest reliability of the calcium screener was excellent (SCC = 0.96, p ≤ 0.001; ICC = 0.99, p ≤ 0.001). The calcium screener shows good convergent validity, reliability and feasibility to estimate daily calcium intake of patients with osteoporosis in routine clinical practice.

Predicting vitamin D deficiency using optimized random forest classifier

Vitamin D can be acquired from various dietary sources, but exposure to sunlight's ultraviolet rays can convert a natural compound called ergosterol present in the skin into vitamin D. The current study aimed to investigate vital parameters and use an optimized random forest (OptRF) classifier to understand better and predict the effect of environmental and nutritional factors of Vitamin D deficiency. A predictive, cross-sectional, and correlational design was utilized in a study involving 350 male and female Tabuk citizens in Saudi Arabia. The Weka machine-learning tool was employed for comprehensive data analysis, with the OptRF algorithm being tailored through advanced feature selection methods and meticulous hyperparameter tuning. In addition to the OptRF classifier, a number of traditional machine learning techniques have been tested and compared on the dataset of vitamin D to analyze and build the predictive model for classifying vitamin D deficiency. In general, the OptRF-based predictive model can statistically describe data for determining significant features related to Vitamin D deficiency. OptRF demonstrated its ability to classify vitamin D deficiency cases with high accuracy 91.42%. This study showed that Tabuk citizens are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency especially among females (gender predictor) with little regard to age, income, smoking, and sun exposure. In addition, exercise, less Vitamin D intake, and less intake of Calcium are also predictors of Vitamin D deficiency. Due to the link between Vitamin D Deficiency and major chronic illnesses, it is important to emphasize the importance of identifying risk factors and screening for Vitamin D Deficiency. It may be appropriate for nutritionists, nurses, and physicians to promote community awareness about strategies to improve dietary Vitamin D intake or consider recommending supplements.

Comprehensive Care and Education Can Improve Nutritional and Growth Outcomes in Children with Persistent Cow's Milk, Egg, or Peanut Allergies: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study of Nutritional Status.

Data suggest that food allergies greatly impact a child's health and growth due to inadequate nutrient intake. Our study aimed to establish the long-term outcome of children with food allergies compared to a control group. This study was a retrospective cohort study with longitudinal follow-up with a mean period of 4.85 years from the diagnosis to the last study visit. The patients' nutritional intake was assessed using a three-day food diary and analysed by a dietitian. Patients (61 boys and 33 girls, mean age 6.9 years) had a single food allergy including 21 patients with cow's milk, 34 with egg, and 39 with peanut allergies. The control group included 36 children (19 boys and 17 girls, mean age 8.03 years). Blood analysis was performed on all participants. Data from our study showed that patients with cow's milk, egg or peanut allergies had normal growth and achieved catch-up growth from the diagnosis until the last study visit. In the cow's milk allergy group, the allergy was shown to affect calcium intake (p < 0.05), while egg and peanut allergies did not impact the dietary intake of nutrients. None of the investigated food allergies affected blood results (p < 0.05). In the present study, we showed that single food allergies do not compromise growth in children if they are provided with appropriate support and that the affected children reach catch-up growth from the diagnosis.

ASSOCIATION OF MASSETER MUSCLE VOLUME WITH RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN OLDER ADULTS: THE BUNKYO HEALTH STUDY

Abstract Abstract The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and oral function has been previously studied. However, the relationship between the masseter muscle, which plays an important role in oral function, and BMD and osteoporosis in older adults has not been investigated. This study investigated the association between masseter muscle volume (MMV) and old age in relation to osteoporosis prevalence and hip joint BMD. Body composition and BMD of 1534 people aged 65–84 years living in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. MMV was measured using a three-dimensional medical image analysis system. Participants were divided into five groups based on MMV by 20% for each gender (Quintile 1–5: Q1–5, Q1&amp;lt; Q5). Logistic regression models were employed to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for osteoporosis determined by T-score (&amp;lt;−2.5 standard deviation) using the Q5 reference. Subsequently, analysis of covariance was used to investigate the relationship between MMV and BMD. Adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking history, alcohol intake, calcium intake, 25(OH)D, diabetes, and osteoporosis drugs or estrogen. In men, Q1 had higher hip osteoporosis prevalence than Q5 (OR 11.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–1.62, p=0.020). Further, hip BMD was significantly higher in Q5 than in Q1 (p=0.001). In women, MMV and old age was not associated with osteoporosis prevalence. However, hip BMD was significantly higher in Q3,4 than in Q1 (p=0.003). Older adults with lower MMV had lower BMD in the hip joint. Additionally, men had higher odds of osteoporosis of the hip joint.

Dietary pattern, nutrient intake, and oral symptoms in a sample of pregnant women in Malaysia

Introduction: Nutritional requirements of pregnant women differ considerably from those of non-pregnant women. Nutritional status during pregnancy is critical to maintain health, including oral health, and to promote growth and development of the baby. This study assessed dietary pattern, nutrient intake, and oral symptoms among pregnant women. Methods: Seventy-one women with singleton pregnancy attending a public healthcare centre in Malaysia participated in this cross-sectional study. Dietary pattern and nutrient intake of the women were assessed using food frequency questionnaire and 3-day 24-hour diet recall, respectively. Information on sociodemographic and obstetric profiles, and oral symptoms were obtained from self-administered questionnaire. Results: White rice, chicken, green leafy vegetables, granulated sugar, and salt were foods most consumed. Intakes of iron, folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, zinc, and fluoride for most respondents were below Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). Cavitated tooth (46.5%), bleeding gums (35.2%), pain upon eating and drinking (23.9%), and bad breath (23.9%) were common oral symptoms reported. Significant association was found between complaint of brown, yellow, and white spots on tooth surface with vitamin A intake, and between complaint of bleeding gums with zinc intake. Conclusion: Intake of most nutrients by most respondents in this study was below the RNI. Oral symptoms were common and a few were associated with nutrient intakes.

Relationship of calcium and magnesium intakes with the dietary approaches to stop hypertension score and blood pressure: the International Study of Macro/micronutrients and Blood Pressure.

Research investigating calcium and magnesium intakes from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) pattern and other sources in association with blood pressure is limited. We aimed to characterize sources/intake levels of calcium and magnesium in relation to overall diet quality (DASH-score) and determine modification effects with DASH score and blood pressure. Cross-sectional United States data (average dietary and supplement intake from four 24 h recalls and eight blood pressure measurements) from two separate visits, 2195 men and women (40-59 years) in the International Study of Macro/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure were analysed. Food-based adherence to the DASH diet was estimated. Linear models tested associations between each 1-point DASH score with blood pressure. Participants were stratified by adherence to sex-specific recommended allowance for magnesium and calcium intakes. Effect-modification was tested across DASH-score quintiles and median of urinary sodium. DASH-score was inversely associated with SBP in fully adjusted models (-0.27; 95%CI: -0.38 to -0.15 mmHg). SBP was inversely associated with dietary calcium intake from DASH food groups: -1.54 (95% CI: -2.65 to -0.43) mmHg; calcium intake from other non-DASH food groups: -1.62 (95% CI: -2.94 to -0.29) mmHg. Dietary magnesium intake from DASH food groups (-1.59; 95% CI: -2.79, -0.40 mmHg) and from other non-DASH foods (-1.92; 95% CI: -3.31, -0.53 mmHg) was inversely associated with SBP. A higher DASH score showed a consistent association with lower BP suggesting a relationship between intakes of calcium and Mg with BP regardless of whether the source is part of the DASH diet or not, even when adjusted for supplement intakes.The INTERMAP is registered as NCT00005271 at www.clinicaltrials.gov .

A validation study comparing energy and nutrient intake between a web-based food frequency questionnaire and a 4-d dietary record

ObjectiveReliable assessments of dietary intake is crucial when examining associations between dietary factors and different outcomes. Today, web-based instead of paper-based food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are common. A web-based FFQ implies a different experience (including design differences, the possibility only to show relevant questions, and automatic checks for completeness) and may capture dietary intake differently. The aim of this study was to validate a well-used paper-based FFQ transferred to a web-based version against a 4-d dietary record. MethodsBaseline data from a dietary intervention study comprising women and men with type 2 diabetes were used. Diet was assessed with the web-based FFQ and a 4-d dietary record. Energy intake and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were assessed and compared using Spearman's rank correlation and Bland–Altman analysis. The analysis included 101 participants. ResultsThe average energy intake with the FFQ was 2068 kcal, 157 kcal higher than the average from the dietary record. Significant deattenuated correlations were found for intake of energy (r = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI],0.19–0.53), carbohydrates (r = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78–0.89), protein (r = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38–0.66) and fat (r = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44–0.70). Significant deattenuated correlations (ranging r = 0.26–0.73) were found for intake of alcohol, whole grain, fiber, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, vitamins A, B12, C, D, and E, folate, iron, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Bland–Altman analyses showed no clear trends but wide limits of agreement. ConclusionOverall, the web-based FFQ performed well and is similar to the paper-based version. It can be a useful tool for dietary assessments.

Les apports en calcium en population pédiatrique générale : les recommandations françaises 2022

French guidelines for vitamin D supplementation and calcium intakes in general pediatric populations were updated in 2022. Here are the main messages: supplementation for all children from 0 to 18 years, elimination of adjustment for breastfeeding type and skin color from 0 to 2 years, preference for daily supplementation (but intermittent supplementation still possible), identification of 4 risk factors requiring a doubling of doses (i.e., obesity, dark skin, lack of sun exposure and vegan diet), and eventually, the need to prescribe vitamin D as a drug and not as a food supplement. Specific situations were also discussed: premature neonates, children at risk of overdose/deficiency, and children in French overseas territories. The recommendations also stress out the importance of nutritional calcium intake: indeed, there is no point in providing vitamin D without calcium (and vice versa). While a large proportion of the pediatric population is deficient in calcium, the recommendations also suggest daily calcium intakes according to age, and remind that calcium absorption depends on the source of dietary calcium: absorption is 7 times better for dairy products and calcium-rich mineral waters (compared with calcium from plant sources), a fact to keep in mind especially for children following vegan diets. Last, promoting physical activity to optimize peak bone mass and to prevent obesity should also be a daily concern for pediatricians.

Calcium - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.

The aim of this scoping review was to conduct evidence-based documentations between calcium (Ca) intake and health outcomes for updating dietary reference values (DRVs) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the sixth edition of Nordic Nutrient Recommendations (NNR2023). The systematic literature search was limited to reviews on human data published between 2011 and June 2021. Systematic reviews (SRs) and original publications of relevance for this scoping review were included. A common practice of designing studies on health outcomes related to Ca supplement intake is to examine combined Ca and vitamin D, and therefore, a combination of Ca with vitamin D (CaD) was included in this review. In total, 27 studies addressing the association between dietary or supplemental Ca on bone health, bone mineral density (BMD), pregnancy-related outcomes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, obesity, and mortality were reviewed. SRs showed that both dietary and supplemental Ca intakes were positively associated with BMD, but evidence did not support the benefit in fracture prevention. Current evidence did not support that Ca or CaD supplementation increases risk of coronary heart disease or all-cause mortality in older adults, but that Ca may be beneficial for hypertension, especially in young people. Increasing Ca intake may be beneficial during pregnancy, especially for those at high risk of pre-eclampsia due to ethnicity, age, high BMI, and those with low baseline Ca intake. The associations between high Ca intake and cancers were varied, with strong evidence that high consumption of dairy products is protective against colorectal cancer and limited-suggestive evidence that dairy products and diets high in Ca might also be protective against breast cancer. Moreover, there is limited-suggestive evidence that dairy products and diets high in Ca increase the risk of prostate cancer. Based on current evidence, Ca intake is beneficial or neutral in relation to most of the outcomes evaluated in this review. Data from the Nordic countries show that average Ca intake is around the same as previously recommended by NNR. However, the average Ca intake in the Baltic countries is below the recommendations.