Relationship of hypertension with dietary intake of calcium, magnesium, Vitamin D and Vitamin E among adult males

Abstract

ABSTRACT Aims: Hypertension remains a main cause of premature death worldwide. Micronutrients are crucial in the regulation of blood pressure, therefore, we aimed to examine the associations between calcium, magnesium, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E intakes and hypertension among adult males. Settings and Design: Community-based, descriptive study. Materials and Methods: The study included 450 men with a mean age of 46.79 ± 15.88. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. An automated arm digital sphygmomanometer was used to monitor the resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values. Dietary intake including Ca, Mg, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The population sample was divided into two groups according to hypertension status as follows: hypertensive and normotensive groups. Statistical Analysis Used: The independent t-test was performed to assess the differences between the hypertensive and the normotensive groups. Results: The hypertensive participants were older and had a higher mean body mass index, fat %, SBP, DBP, pulse pressure and heart rate compared with nonhypertensive participants. Among micronutrient intake, hypertensive group had significantly higher Vitamin D intake than the normotensive group. Conclusions: This study found a significant association between Vitamin D intake, as assessed using FFQ, and hypertension, but not between Ca, Mg, or Vitamin E. To clarify the potential association between micronutrient intake and hypertension, more studies, and clinical trials should be conducted.