Type 2 diabetes and gut health - Narrative review

Abstract

ABSTRACT The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is attributed to the rapid shift in our environment, particularly the modern lifestyle. Recent research has decoded the link between T2D and various chronic conditions with compromised gut health. Enhancing our understanding of gut health and actively maintaining a healthy gut can significantly impact overall well-being, including the management of T2D. Notably, recent key findings highlight the positive effects of incorporating probiotics, prebiotics (beneficial live organisms from diverse food sources), and increased fiber intake in promoting a beneficial balance of intestinal flora, thereby fortifying the gut. Research has demonstrated that probiotics, such as specific strains such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, play a crucial role in supporting gut health and preventing the onset of T2D. Conversely, a diet high in saturated fats and processed sugars has been identified as a contributor to poor gut health, leading to a condition known as gut dysbiosis. Moreover, studies indicate that an imbalanced gut is a contributing factor to insulin resistance in individuals with T2D. It is noteworthy that certain factors, such as the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and nonsteroidal medications, can significantly disrupt gut health and contribute to imbalances. This review emphasizes the importance of reinforcing gut health through the inclusion of specific probiotic strains and adopting a high-fiber, plant-based diet. The consumption of such a diet appears to be an effective and favorable strategy for improving intestinal microbiota and, consequently, overall health, with a specific focus on preventing T2D.