Calcium Acetate Lactate Research Articles

A Comparative Study on the use of Calcium Acetate Lactate, Calcium Chloride and Acidic Ammonium Acetate- Ethylene Diaminetetra Acetic Acid (AAAc-EDTA) for the Quantification of Extractable, P, K and Mg from Acidic Soils

Soils need to be tested before and after the establishments of plantations. This is because the results of asoil test gives a relative measure of the amount of nutrients available in the soil and thus are use as a base for nutrient diagnosis. The Calcium Acetate lactate (CAL) method for the extraction of available soil K and P and the CaCl2method for the extraction of available Mg were compared to the Acidic ammonium acetate-ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (

A Comparative Study on the use of Calcium Acetate Lactate, Calcium Chloride and Acidic Ammonium Acetate- Ethylene Diaminetetra Acetic Acid (AAAc-EDTA) for the Quantification of Extractable, P, K and Mg from Acidic Soils

A Comparative Study on the use of Calcium Acetate Lactate, Calcium Chloride and Acidic Ammonium Acetate- Ethylene Diaminetetra Acetic Acid (AAAc-EDTA) for the Quantification of Extractable, P, K and Mg from Acidic Soils

Long-term effects of tillage on stratification and plant availability of phosphate and potassium in a loess chernozem

Within a long-term tillage trial first laid out in Bernburg, Saxony Anhalt, Germany in 1992, the effect of tillage practice on crop yield, depth distribution and plant availability of P and K, as well as plant nutrient uptake, were investigated. With demand-orientated nitrogen fertilization and pesticide application, yields in both ploughing and conservation tillage treatments were comparable. Extensive management led to a yield decline of 11% and 17% under ploughing and conservation tillage, respectively. Soil samples showed significant P and K stratification under conservation tillage. Calcium-acetate lactate (CAL) soluble P and K concentration in 0–15 cm soil depth increased by 24% and 118%, respectively, without significant decline in deeper soil layers. This led respectively to an increase of 18% and 62%, on average, of the top soil (0–30 cm). Effects on soil pH and lime distribution were negligible. Humus content, which can positively affect nutrient availability, increased from 2.5% to 3.0% in 0–15 cm. Penetration resistance and dry density of top soil were significantly higher under conservation tillage resulting in a large decline of air capacity. This may enhance diffusion and mobilize iron-bound phosphates, but can reduce root penetration, root respiration, and microbial activity. The main reason for the large K accumulation near the soil surface is the relocation of plant residues, which contain only small amounts of phosphorus, from deeper soil layers. Despite higher P and especially K availability according to soil tests, P and K uptake and removal by harvest were equal or even tended to be less, respectively. Under present conditions, nutrients enriched in the uppermost soil layer are used insufficiently. Hence, the need for adjustments of soil sampling and the calculation of fertilization demand for reduced tillage practices should be further investigated.

Usefulness of near-infrared spectroscopy to determine biological and chemical soil properties: Importance of sample pre-treatment

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is known for its inexpensiveness, rapidity and accuracy and may become a useful tool for the assessment of soil quality. Objectives were (i) to evaluate the ability of NIRS to predict several chemical and biological properties of organically managed arable soils as well as the properties of grain yield from winter cereals for a closed population and (ii) to test whether the use of field-moist and pre-treated (quick-freezing followed by freeze-drying and grinding) samples will generate similar results. One hundred and sixteen soil samples from nine organically managed farms from Germany sampled in 2005 and 2006 were used for this investigation. Spectra of the near-infrared region (including the visible range, 400–2500 nm) from field-moist (<2 mm) or pre-treated soil samples were recorded. A modified partial least-square regression method and cross-validation were used to develop an equation over the whole spectrum (first–third derivation). For the pre-treated soils, good predictions were obtained for pH, contents of organic C, total N, plant-available P (Olsen) and exchangeable K (calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL)), contents of microbial biomass C and N (C mic and N mic) and ergosterol, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, the ratio of organic C/total N, the grain yield of winter cereals and grain nitrogen uptake. The RSC (the ratio of standard deviation of laboratory results to standard error of cross-validation) was greater than 2.0, the correlation coefficients ( r) of a linear regression (measured against predicted values) were greater than or equal to 0.9 and the regression coefficients (a) ranged from 0.9 to 1.1. Similar good predictions were obtained if field-moist samples were used, with the exception of P (Olsen), K (CAL), metabolic quotient, grain yield of winter cereals and grain nitrogen uptake (satisfactory predictions) and ergosterol content (unsatisfactory prediction). Good predictions of the contents of Mg (CaCl 2) and microbial biomass P (P mic) were achieved for field-moist but not for pre-treated samples. Despite sample preparation, only satisfactory predictions were obtained for the ratios of C mic/N mic and ergosterol/C mic and grain nitrogen content (1.4⩽RSC⩽2.0, r⩾0.8 and 0.8⩽ a⩽1.2). However, unsatisfactory predictions for field-moist and pre-treated samples were achieved for the content of P (CAL), the nitrogen mineralisation rate and the ratios of C mic/P mic and basal respiration/nitrogen mineralisation rate. Our results demonstrate that biological soil properties can be predicted with NIRS for closed populations in both sample states. The pre-treatment should be used if samples have to be stored prior to infrared measurements for periods longer than a month.

Fertilizer‐use efficiency of different inorganic polyphosphate sources: effects on soil P availability and plant P acquisition during early growth of corn

AbstractPolyphosphate‐based fertilizers are worldwide in use, and their effect on crop yield is often reported to be similar to orthophosphate products, although some studies showed higher yields with polyphosphate applications. However, information on how these fertilizers may influence plant P acquisition is very limited. A pot experiment was carried out under controlled conditions with corn (Zea mays L.) growing on a sandy soil (pH 4.9) and a silty‐loam soil (pH 6.9) differing in P‐sorption properties. The objective was to evaluate phosphorus fertilizer–use efficiency (PFUE) of several polyphosphate (poly‐P) compounds (pyrophosphate [PP], tripolyphosphate [TP], and trimetaphosphate [TMP]) using orthophosphate (OP) as a reference. Focus was put on evaluating plant parameters involved in plant P acquisition, i.e., root length and P uptake per unit of root length. Furthermore, soil P availability was characterized by measuring ortho‐P and poly‐P concentrations in soil solution as well as in CAL (calcium‐acetate‐lactate) extracts.The P availability was differentially influenced by the different P sources and the different soils. In the silty‐loam soil, the application of poly‐P resulted in higher ortho‐P concentrations in soil solution. In the same soil, CAL‐extractable ortho‐P was similar for all P sources, whereas in the sandy soil, this parameter was higher after OP application. In the silty‐loam soil, poly‐P concentrations were very low in soil solution or in CAL extracts, whereas in the sandy soil, poly‐P concentrations were significantly higher. Phosphorus fertilizer–use efficiency was significantly higher for poly‐P treatments in the silty‐loam soil and were related to a higher root length since no differences in the P uptake per unit of root length among poly‐P and OP treatments were found. However, in the sandy soil, no differences in PFUE between OP and poly‐P treatments were observed. Therefore, PFUE of poly‐P compounds could be explained by better root growth, thereby improving plant P acquisition.

Hydrolysis rates of inorganic polyphosphates in aqueous solution as well as in soils and effects on P availability

AbstractApplications of polyphosphate‐based fertilizers have been reported to have a positive impact on crop yields as compared to orthophosphate sources. Since plants take up P mainly as orthophosphate, hydrolysis rates of polyphosphates into orthophosphates will determine their fertilizer ability. Laboratory and soil incubation experiments were performed to evaluate hydrolysis rates of pyrophosphate (PP), tripolyphosphate (TP), and trimetaphosphate (TMP) in water as well as in two soils having different P‐fixing capacities. P availability was characterized by measuring the orthophosphate (ortho‐P) and polyphosphate (poly‐P) concentration in soil solution as well as the calcium‐acetate‐lactate (CAL)‐extractable amounts of both forms.In water, PP was completely hydrolyzed within 15 d, whereas TMP was hydrolyzed only to about 30% after 90 d. In the two soils, polyphosphates hydrolyzed during the incubation period increasing ortho‐P concentration in soil solution as well as in CAL extract. At the end of the incubation, no significant differences in ortho‐P concentration in soil solution and CAL extract were found in the sandy soil, whereas in the silty‐loam soil, polyphosphate applications resulted in higher soil‐solution ortho‐P concentration. Although polyphosphate hydrolysis is mainly affected by the soil‐specific enzymatic activity, it seems that polyphosphates and/or hydrolysis products are preferentially adsorbed/precipitated compared to ortho‐P in the silty loam, thereby influencing the P availability from polyphosphate sources.

Polyphosphate determination in calcium acetate–lactate (CAL) extracts by an indirect colorimetric method

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil ScienceVolume 167, Issue 6 p. 701-703 Short Communication Polyphosphate determination in calcium acetate–lactate (CAL) extracts by an indirect colorimetric method Bestimmung von Polyphosphaten in Calcium-Acetat-Lactat (CAL)-Extrakten mit einer indirekten kolorimetrischen Methode Luis O. Torres-Dorante, Luis O. Torres-Dorante [email protected] Search for more papers by this authorNorbert Claassen, Norbert Claassen Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, D-37075 Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorBernd Steingrobe, Bernd Steingrobe Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, D-37075 Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorHans-Werner Olfs, Hans-Werner Olfs Research Centre Hanninghof, YARA International ASA, Hanninghof 35, D-48249 Dülmen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Luis O. Torres-Dorante, Luis O. Torres-Dorante [email protected] Search for more papers by this authorNorbert Claassen, Norbert Claassen Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, D-37075 Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorBernd Steingrobe, Bernd Steingrobe Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, D-37075 Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorHans-Werner Olfs, Hans-Werner Olfs Research Centre Hanninghof, YARA International ASA, Hanninghof 35, D-48249 Dülmen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 November 2004 https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200420452Citations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume167, Issue6December, 2004Pages 701-703 RelatedInformation

Comparison of extractants for the determination of available phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium in some Ethiopian and German soils

Abstract A study was conducted with the purpose of comparing the efficiency of Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, and calcium acetate lactate (CAL) extractants for the deter‐ mination of available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable cations [potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na)] on 22 Ethiopian and 10 German agricultural soils. The Olsen and NH4OAc extractants were used as standards against which P and exchangeable cations values were compared. Results showed that, in general, highly significant correlations were found between all of the methods for available P and exchangeable cations determination on the Ethiopian soils. The highest correlation was, however, found with the Mehlich 3 extractant. On the ten soils from Germany, the Olsen method did not give significant cor‐ relation with the CAL method for P determination. The CAL and Mehlich 3 extrac‐ tants were also not good indicators of Na availability when compared with the NH4OAc method. It can be generalized that the Mehlich 3 is a suitable e...

Comparison of the Pi, Colwell, Bray 1, calcium acetate lactate (CAL) and Truog soil phosphorus test for predicting growth of oats, barley, triticale and clover in the field in lateritic soils fertilised with superphosphate and rock phosphate

The Pi soil test for phosphorus (P), which uses an iron oxide impregnated paper, was evaluated in three field experiment on lateritic soils in south-western Australia fertilised with triple superphosphate, North Carolina rock phosphate, Queensland rock phosphate, and in one experiment, Calciphos. Soil samples were collected February to March from 1985 to 1988. The Pi, Colwell, Bray 1, calcium acetate lactate (CAL) and Truog soil P tests were used. Soil test P values were related to yields of triticale (×Triticosecale) or oats (Avena sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare) or dry herbage yields of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum). The Colwell soil test, which is commonly used in Australia, and the Pi soil test were almost equally predictive, but showed considerable error in prediction of yield. For each soil test and plant species the relationship between yield and soil test P differed with fertilizer type and year. For combined data for all sites, fertilizers and years, the CAL soil test was the most predictive and the Truog soil test was least predictive of plant yield.

A comparison of five soil phosphorus tests for five crop species for soil previously fertilized with superphosphate and rock phosphate

The Pi, Colwell, Bray 1, calcium acetate lactate (CAL) and Truog phosphorus (P) soil test reagents were assessed in two field experiments on lateritic soils in Western Australia that had been fertilized four years previously (1984) with triple superphosphate, North Carolina rock phosphate, Queensland rock phosphate, and in one experiment, Calciphos. Soil samples to measure soil P test were collected February 1987. Soil P test was related to seed (grain) yields measured later in 1987. Different crop species were grown on different sections of the same plot at each site. The species were lupins (Lupinus angustifolius), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oats (Avena sativa) at one site, and lupins, oats, triticale (×Triticosecale) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) at the other site. For each reagent, the soil P test calibration, which is the relationship between yield, expressed as a percentage of the maximum yield, and soil P test, generally differed for different plant species and for different fertilizer types. Variations in soil P test required to produce half the maximum yield of each species at each site was least for the CAL reagent followed by the Colwell reagent.

Evaluation of the Bray 1, calcium acetate lactate (CAL), Truog and Colwell soil tests as predictors of triticale grain production on soil fertilized with superphosphate and rock phosphate

In a field experiment in Western Australia, six different levels of three different phosphorus (P) fertilizers (triple superphosphate, TSP; Queensland (Duchess) rock phosphate, QRP; North Carolina rock phosphate, NCRP) were applied at the start of the experiment in 1984. Grain yield of triticale (×Triticosecale) was measured from 1984 to 1988. In February-March of each year from 1985 to 1988, soil samples were collected to measure soil extractable P (soil test values) using four reagents (Bray 1, calcium acetate lactate (CAL), Truog and Colwell). Soil test values were related to triticale grain yields, determined either as absolute yield or percentage of the maximum yield, produced later on in each year. The relationship differed with fertilizer type, reagent and year. All four soil test reagents were equally predictive of yield. It is concluded that these soil P tests provide crude predictions of plant yield regardless of the reagent used.