Callistephus Research Articles

Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in F2 segregating population of china aster [Callistephus chinensis L. (nees.)

Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in F₂ segregating population of china aster [<i>Callistephus chinensis</i> L. (nees.)

Response of China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees) cv. Kamini to different combinations of NPK and biofertilizers

An investigation was carried out to find a suitable combination of NPK and biofertilizers for maximizing flower yield in China aster cv. Kamini. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 12 treatment combinations replicated thrice. The observations on various growth and flowering parameters were recorded. Results revealed that maximum plant height (56.67 cm), number of leaves per plant (103.93), flowering branches per plant (8.23), plant spread (32.32 cm), number of flowers per plant (28.58), number of flowers per plot (428.67), duration of flowering (27.20 days), flower yield per plant (73.21 g), flower yield per plot (1098.20 g), shelf-life of flowers (6.43 days) at ambient conditions were recorded in plants receiving 75% NPK (22.5: 11.25: 7.5 g NPK/m2) + Azotobacter + PSB. Plants supplied with 100% NPK (30: 15: 10 g NPK/m2) + Azotobacter + PSB were noticed with maximum leaf area (15.76 cm2), whereas, largest flower diameter (5.41 cm) and fresh weight of individual flower head (2.70 g) were found in plants receiving 50% NPK (15: 7.5: 5 g NPK/m2) + Azotobacter + PSB.

First Report on the Occurrence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ (16SrII-D) Associated With Virescence and Phyllody Disease of China Aster in India

First Report on the Occurrence of ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ (16SrII-D) Associated With Virescence and Phyllody Disease of China Aster in India

Complete genome sequence of a novel potyvirus, callistephus mottle virus, identified in Callistephus chinensis

The complete genomic sequence of a novel putative member of the genus Potyvirus was detected from Callistephus chinensis (China aster) in South Korea. The genomic RNA consists of 9,859 nucleotides (excluding the 3' poly(A) tail) and contains the typical open reading frame of potyviruses, encoding a putative large polyprotein of 3,154 amino acids. The Callistephus virus is most closely related to plum pox virus and members of the ApVY subgroup which showed 50-52% polyprotein amino acid sequence identity. These results suggest that the Callistephus virus is a novel member of the genus Potyvirus, tentatively named "callistephus mottle virus" (CalMV).

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, flowering and flower yield of China aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees) cv. POORNIMA

The present investigation was carried out at Horticulture Research Station, Jambavadi Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during October 2014 to March 2015. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatments comprised of two factors (1) nitrogen with four level viz., 150 kg N ha -1 (N 1 ), 200 kg N ha -1 (N 2 ), 250 kg N ha -1 (N 3 ), 300 kg N ha -1 (N 4 ) and three levels of phosphorus i.e. 100 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 (P 1 ), 150 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 (P 2 ), 200 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 (P 3 ) with three replications. Both the highest levels of N and P significantly improved growth parameters i.e. plant height (51.56 cm), plant spread (328.67 cm 2 ), secondary branches per plant (17.67), fresh weight (137.22 g) and dry weight (69.78 g) in treatment N 4 (300 kg N ha -1 ) whereas, in case of phosphorus the plant height (47.08 cm), plant spread (316.00 cm 2 ), number of branches per plant (16.92), fresh weight (132.00 g) and dry weight (72 g) was noted in treatment P 3 (200 kg P 2 O 5 kg ha -1 ). Maximum flowering span (79.11 days), number of flowers per plant (24.78) and yield of flowers (22.67 t ha -1 ) were registered in 300 kg N ha -1 treatment. Similarly, maximum flowering span (71.58 days), number of flowers per plant (23.58) and yield of flowers (22.08 t ha -1 ) were registered in P 3 (200 kg P ha -1 ). Thus, cultivation of China aster in medium black soil, the fertilizer application at the rate of 300 kg N ha -1 in two splits (first half as basal application and remaining half at 30 days after transplanting) and 200 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 as basal dose has been found the best.

수입종자에 혼입된 새삼속 종자의 건열처리에 의한 관리 방안

검역잡초가 혼입된 수입식물은 폐기, 반송 또는 가공처리 같은 처분을 받아야 한다. 열처리는 한국 뿐만 아니라 캐나다, 호주, 미국 등 많은 국가에서 가공처리 방법으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 수입식물에 혼입된 새삼속 종자를 사멸시키기 위한 적절한 열처리 방법을 찾고자 수행하였다. 2종의 새삼속 종자와 6종류의 수입종자를 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, <TEX>$120^{\circ}C$</TEX> 조건에서 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45분 또는 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8시간 열처리 하였다. 실험 결과 새삼속 종자는 <TEX>$85^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 2시간, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 30분, <TEX>$95^{\circ}C$</TEX>와 <TEX>$100^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 15분, <TEX>$110^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 10분, <TEX>$120^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 5분 열처리로 발아력을 상실하였다. 한편, 코스모스와 과꽃의 종자세는 <TEX>$85^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 2시간, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 30분 열처리 조건에서 무처리와 차이를 보이지 않았다. Proper actions such as discard, return or manufacturing should be taken to imported plants contaminated with quarantine weeds. Heat-treatment has been used as a processing method in many countries such as U.S., Australia, Canada as well as Korea. This study was carried to find appropriate heat-treatment methods for devitalizing dodder seeds mixed with plant seeds. Two species of dodder seeds and six imported seeds were treated for 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 minutes or 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 hours at the temperatures of <TEX>$75^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$80^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$85^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$95^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$100^{\circ}C$</TEX> and <TEX>$120^{\circ}C$</TEX>. According to the study, dodder seeds were devitalized at the conditions of <TEX>$85^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 2 hours, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 30 minutes, <TEX>$95^{\circ}C$</TEX> and <TEX>$100^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 15 minutes, <TEX>$110^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 10 minutes and <TEX>$120^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 5 minutes. Meanwhile, seed vigours of Cosmos bipinnatus and Callistephus chinensis had no difference when compared with untreated control at the heat-treatment conditions of <TEX>$85^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 2 hours, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 30 minutes.

First report of the Invasive Mealybug, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison Infesting Naga King Chili and its Colonization Potential on Major Host Plants in India

The lantana mealybug, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), although had made its entry in continental India since 2012, however, was hitherto not reported to occur in northeast India. The present study reports first record of P. parvus invasion on Naga King chili, Capsicum chinense Jacquin (Family: Solanaceae) plants in the Meghalaya state of India. During the surveys, the infested plants were found stunted, withered and did not bear flowers. In case of severe infestation, 100% mortality of young plants and seedlings was observed. Being an economically important crop, biological knowledge about P. parvus in relation to C. chinense is highly imperative for devising effective management strategy against this invasive mealybug. We studied basic biological attributes of P. parvus like development times, survival and fecundity on C. chinense and other potential host plants under in vitro conditions. The biological parameters studied on the five test host plants were on par with each other with less significant differences. Developmental time of P. parvus was found to be significantly higher on Solanum tuberosum L. (Family: Solanaceae) (26.40±0.75 days) and Lycopersicon esculentum L (Family: Solanaceae) (26.60±0.51 days) compared to C. chinense (24.00±0.55 days), Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees (Family: Asteraceae) (23.20±0.58 days) and Lantana camara L. (Family: Verbenaceae) (20.60±2.20 days). Overall results revealed that, P. parvus has a potential to cause significant damage to all the host plants tested in this study. The information generated in this study helps in undertaking timely management options for P. parvus prior to its incidence reaches alarming proportions.

Biomorphological traits of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees cultivars under conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

Purpose. Determining prospects of introducing Callistephus chinensis cultivars of foreign breeding for further cultivation under conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods . Field, laboratory, analytical and statistical ones. Results. Ten C. с hinensis cultivars of the German breeding were tested under conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Biomorphological traits of the varieties of five sort types were identified, and their comparative analysis was conducted. Seasonal dynamics of growth and development of cultivars in the growing area was studied. Conclusions. Cultivars with short and mean duration phases of development can be grown under conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine by direct sowing that does not affect their seed productivity and sowing quality of seeds. Seeds of late cultivars can reach complete maturity only in case of seedling use. C. chinensis cultivars of the German breeding have successfully passed the initial test for suitability to introduction into the studied area.

The role of variety in increasing seed productivity of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees)

Рurpose. Determining the influence of the varietal features on seed productivity of China Aster when growing under conditions of Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods. Field study during 2011–2013 on experimental field of Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agriculture Sciences. Results. It was experimentally determined the influence of varietal features on seed productivity for various sort-types of China Aster. Based on morphological description, the growth and development of this plant was shown as well as dependence of generative organs on quantitative parameters of ve­getative ones, and their impact on the productivity of various variety types either of the Institute of Horticulture or other scientific institutions breeding. Structure of flowers for various sort-types was illustrated. The most productive varieties were identified among those that are included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine which have formed the average of 3 g of seeds or more per plant during the years of study. Conclusions. Edaphoclimatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are favorable for seed-producing industry of China Aster. Its productivity considerabl­y depends on a variety and sort-type to which it belongs.

Effect of Rhizosphere Enzymes on Phytoremediation in PAH-Contaminated Soil Using Five Plant Species

A pot experiment was performed to study the effectiveness of remediation using different plant species and the enzyme response involved in remediating PAH-contaminated soil. The study indicated that species Echinacea purpurea, Festuca arundinacea Schred, Fire Phoenix (a combined F. arundinacea), and Medicago sativa L. possess the potential for remediation in PAH-contaminated soils. The study also determined that enzymatic reactions of polyphenol oxidase (except Fire Phoenix), dehydrogenase (except Fire Phoenix), and urease (except Medicago sativa L.) were more prominent over cultivation periods of 60d and 120d than 150d. Urease activity of the tested species exhibited prominently linear negative correlations with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content after the tested plants were cultivated for 150d (R2 = 0.9592). The experiment also indicated that alkaline phosphatase activity in four of the five tested species (Echinacea purpurea, Callistephus chinensis, Festuca arundinacea Schred and Fire Phoenix) was inhibited during the cultivation process (at 60d and 120d). At the same time, the study determined that the linear relationship between alkaline phosphatase activity and effective phosphorus content in plant rhizosphere soil exhibited a negative correlation after a growing period of 120d (R2 = 0.665). Phytoremediation of organic contaminants in the soil was closely related to specific characteristics of particular plant species, and the catalyzed reactions were the result of the action of multiple enzymes in the plant rhizosphere soil.

Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and planting dates on growth, flowering and seed yield of China asterCallistephus chinensis(L.) Nees

China aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees), belonging to family Asteraceae is an important ornamental annual known for its uses as cut flower, loose flower, pot plant and bedding purposes. It bear flowers in the array of colours including white, pink, rose red, magenta, lavender, purple, violet to their innumerable variations. Aster is being grown in different parts of the country in different times of the year. In the present study, the effect of GA3 levels (0, 100, 150 and 200) and date of planting (March, April and June) was studied on growth, flowering and seed yield of three cultivars of China Aster, viz., Kamini, Shashank and Violet Cushion. GA3 was applied as foliar spray treatment twice in the growing season, i.e., 40 and 55 days after transplanting and the crop was raised in the mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh. Plant height was recorded maximum in cv. Kamini (82.10 cm) as compared to other cultivars. Further, maximum plant height (95.17 cm) was recorded when the plants of cv. Kamini were planted in the month of June and sprayed with GA3 200ppm. Different levels of growth regulators does not seem to affect the size of flowers in different cultivars. It was, however, observed that maximum flower size was found in cv. Kamini (6.52 cm) when plants were sprayed with GA3 200 ppm and raised in the month of June. April planting combined with the application of GA3 200 ppm resulted in maximum flower yield in cv. Kamini (37.93 flowers/plant and 331.60 flowers/m2) as compared to other cultivars under study. As far as seed yield is concerned, it was maximum for cv. Kamini (2.80g/plant and 25.23g/m2) when transplanting was done in the month of June and plants were sprayed with GA3 200 ppm.

Effect of plant Bio-Regulatores on Growth, Flowering and Seed yield in China Aster (Callistephus chinensisL. Nees) CV. Kamini

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant bio regulators on growth, flowering and seed yield in China aster cv. Kamini at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi, 2013–14. The experiment was laid in randomized block design and replicated twice. Plant growth regulators viz., GA3, salicylic acid, maleic hydrazide, alar and paclobutrazol were used in the experiment. The treatments were imposed as foliar sprays twice at 20 and 35 days after transplanting. The observations on growth parameters were recorded at three stages of plant growth viz., 30, 60 and 90 DAT. GA3 200 mg/l spray recorded significantly higher plant height (60.10 cm), number of primary branches per plant (24.60) and number of secondary branches per plant (61.45) at 90 DAT, number of flower's per plant (84.96), flower yield per plant (109.66 g), flower yield per hectare (16.58 t), seed yield per plant (9.98 g), seed yield per ha (1509.31 kg) and 1000 seed weight (2.01 g). GA3 200 mg/l foliar spray was found to be at par with SA 200 mg/l in respect of number of primary branches (23.86), flower yield per hectare (15.90 t), seed yield per plant (9.85 g) and seed yield per hectare (1489.65 kg). SA 200 mg/l foliar spray could be recommended for increased growth, flower and seed yield in China aster cv. Kamini as it is more cheaper than GA3.

Genetic Variability for Quantitative Traits in China Aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees

A field study was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in 20 genotypes of China aster for 15 traits during the year 2012-13 in Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replications. Results revealed that the magnitude of phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. Narrow differences between GCV and PCV were recorded in all the characters except flowering duration, vase-life and shelf-life, indicating little environmental influence on expression of these characters. High (&gt;20%) GCV and PCV were recorded for plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant, flower diameter, number of ray and disc florets/flower head, stalk length, and, number and weight of flowers/plant. Heritability estimates ranged from 28.30% (flowering duration) to 99.54% (flower diameter). High heritability (&lt;60%) was observed for all the traits except flowering duration. High heritability, coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean, was recorded for flower diameter, stalk-length, number of branches/plant, weight of flowers/plant, days to first flower opening, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of leaves/plant, number of ray and disc florets/flower head, number of flowers/plant, indicating a possible role of additive gene action. Thus, these traits can be improved through selection and breeding.

Rapid Evaluation of Germinability of Primed China Aster (Callistephus Chinensis Ness.) Seeds with Physiological and Biochemical Markers

Abstract The correlation between the sowing value of primed China aster seeds represented by germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination uniformity expressed as the time between 25% and 75% of germinated seeds (T75-25) and some selected physiological characteristics - total activity of dehydrogenases (TAD), activity of catalase (AC), activity of cell cycle (ACC) and electrolyte leakage (EL) has been analysed in order to find useful markers of biological quality of seeds. To achieve this objective, analyses of effects of three methods of water supply to seeds viz. - hydroconditioning by soaking in excessive amount of water (M1), hydroconditioning by soaking in limited amount of water (M2) or hydroconditioning by contact with solid carrier of water - matriconditioning (M3), three levels (30.0, 35.0 and 40.0%) of seed moisture content (m.c.) and three incubation periods (1, 8 and 10 days) during priming and hence their influence on germination properties (GP, MGT, T75-25) in comparison with TAD, AC, ACC and EL were determined. The results showed that MGT and T75-25 were correlated with TAD, AC, ACC and EL, irrespective of their priming method and sowing value. Therefore, all the investigated physiological/biochemical parameters of seed quality can be used as markers of germinability and sowing value reached by primed China aster seeds. The results also proved that, irrespective of the water supply method applied, hydration of seeds up to 37.5% m.c., and their incubation at 20 °C for 8 days, followed by drying to their initial moisture content, increased to the greatest extent the speed and uniformity of seed germination and their physiological activity.

Septoria leaf blight on the China aster in Szczecin

Septoria leaf blight on the China aster in Szczecin

Callistephus A, a novel sesquiterpene from the Callistephus chinensis flower

Two new compounds callistephus A (1) and callistephus B (2) together with 4,6-dihydroxyphenyl-1-butanone-2-β-d-O-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated and purified from the Callistephus chinensis flower. Their structures were identified by the interpretation of spectroscopic data. X-ray crystallographic and analysis of quantum chemical ECD calculation were applied to determine the absolute configuration. Of them, callistephus A represents a rare sesquiterpene with new carbon skeleton and also its possible biogenesis was proposed.

Effect of growth regulators on growth and flowering of China aster [Callistephus chinensis(L.) Nees.]-A review

China aster is a half hardy annual grown for loose as well as cutflowers which are used for flower arrangement, interior decoration, garlanding, worshipping etc. It can be grown in herbaceous borders, flower beds, garden decoration and also as potted plant. Growth regulators play an important role in morphology and physiology of the plants and their effect varies with plant, species, variety, concentration used, method of application, frequency of applications etc. In china aster different growth regulators viz., GA3, NAA, CCC, MH and Paclobutrazol are used either for inducing or retarding growth parameters which ultimately results in better quality and increased flower yield also enhancing the vase life of cut flowers. Spraying of GA3 at 200 ppm enhanced the duration of flowering (90.33), number of flowers per plant (68.54), diameter (4.86 cm), flower weight (3.26 g), flower yield per plant (111.2 g) and vase life (22.88 days). Among growth regulators foliar application of CCC at 1500 ppm recorded the highest flower yield and also flower quality parameters. Soil drench of paclobutrazol at 200 ppm delayed flowering, while early flowering was observed with 25 ppm. Application of MH at 1000 ppm resulted in minimum plant height, inter nodal length, number of leaves per plant and leaf area in china aster.

Effect of Different Priming Methods on Seed Quality,Biochemical Changes and Storability of China Aster (Callistephus Chinensis L. Nees)

A laboratory experiment, “Effect of different priming methods on seed quality,biochemical changes and storability of china aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees)” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Dr.Y.S.R. Horticulture University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during the year 2011-12. This experiment had two factors. The experiment consisted of two different ages of the seed viz., one year old seed (S1) and Half year old seed (S2) and four treatments viz., Hydro priming (T1), Osmo priming(T2), Halo priming(T3), Unprimed as control (T4) as another factor, which was replicated four times in completely randomized design with factorial concept. Seed samples were primed and kept in polyethythelene bag and stored for six months at ambient condition. The results emanated from the experiment revealed that, amongest the two different ages of the seed, six months old seed recorded maximum germination percentage, field emergence, speed of germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index and least was observed in one year old seed. Amongst the priming treatments, priming of seed with KNO3 @ 0.5% resulted in best performance of the seed regarding all the physiological and biochemical parameters followed by hydro priming. Unprimed seed (control) failed to exert any significant influence on the quality parameters. Storage of the treated seeds up to six months resulted in a gradual decrease in performance of the seed. However, storage of the six months old KNO3 treated seed up to six months was found to be good compared to one year old seed regarding all the quality parameters.

Influence of planting geometry on performance of China aster genotypes under mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand

The present investigations were carried out to evaluate performance of three genotypes of china aster (Phule Ganesh Violet, Phule Ganesh Purple, Phule Ganesh Pink), planted at different geometry (30 cm x 30 cm, 40 cmx 40 cm,50 cm x 50 cm) ina randomized block design. Results indicate that all vegetative and floral traits were significantly influenced by treatment variables. Phule Ganesh Pink recorded higher flower yield i.e. 126.23 g/plant which differed significantly from Phule Ganesh Purple and Phule Ganesh Violet. Flower yield component like number of flowers was significantly higher in Phule Ganesh Pink compared to other genotypes but number of flowers per plant and number of flowers per 100 g were significantly higher in Phule Ganesh Violet. Among planting geometries, 50 cm x 50 cm recorded significantly highest flower yield (109 g/plant).

Cloning and bioinformation analysis of flavone synthase Ⅱ gene of Erigeron breviscapus

Erigeron breviscapus is a medicinal plant with the most developmental potential in Yunnan province, which is belongs to Erigeron genus of Compositae family. Scutellarin, the main active component of Erigeron breviscapus is one of flavone 7-O-glucuronide derivatives, its biosynthesis pathway is still not clear.Full length cDNA encoding flavone syhthase II gene in E. breviscapus was cloned in this study using R-PCR, 3'-RACE and 5'-RACE.The opening reading frame of FS II cDNA of E. breviscapus is 1 557 bp long and encoding 518 amino acids, designed as EbFS II, which is highly homologous with FS II of Compositae species, like Callistephus chinensis, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, Gerbera hybrida, Dahlia pinnata and Lobelia erinus.Phylogenetic analysis showed that EbFS II might has the function of directly converting flavanone to flavone.