Cahiers De Research Articles

Towards an Ordinary Transmedia Use: A French Speaker’s Transmedia Use of Worlds in <em>Game of Thrones</em> MMORPG and Series

Towards an Ordinary Transmedia Use: A French Speaker’s Transmedia Use of Worlds in <em>Game of Thrones</em> MMORPG and Series

Tracing the Obscure Image: Maurice Blanchot on Photography

The recent publication of the Cahiers de l'Herne dedicated to the works of Maurice Blanchot, gathering correspondences, dedications, manuscripts and photos into a personalized archive, marks a significant turning point in the study of Blanchot's writing. For many of Blanchot's readers, the publication of the Cahier is perhaps ethically troublesome as well, due to Blanchot's well-known secrecy and thoroughly cultivated public invisibility. Of particular interest are the private photos reproduced in the Cahier, given Blanchot's extreme reticence to appear before the public eye. In order to critically consider the new photographs and the visibility they offer, I propose to trace Blanchot's own thoughts on photography throughout several of his philosophical and literary works. While visual aesthetics at first appear rather underrepresented in Blanchot's writings, once the photographic is sought out its appearances are manifold, and a coherent position emerges. In this article, I build my position on the Cahier's publication through my research on Blanchot's writings around the photographic medium, which touch questions of private and public representation, encounters of absence and presence, memory and celebrity. Photography occupies the margins of many of Blanchot's writings, and in this moment of complicated visibility, they deserve careful consideration.

Les Cahiers de Tunisie et les antiquités africaines (1953-2011) : bilan historiographique

This paper aims deals with the place of ancient studies in Les Cahiers de Tunisie. It traces their history and is interested in their place in this periodical. Finally, after having justified the choice of the period (1953-2011), we attach in a final part, to give some elements of methodology and to present the main axes of the bibliographic search.

The Tortoise and the Corpse: Two Excisions from Maurice Blanchot’s ‘Les Deux Versions de L’imaginaire’

Maurice Blanchot’s ‘Les Deux versions de l’imaginaire’ was first published in Les Cahiers de la Pléiade in 1951 and was subsequently revised as an appendix to the classic volume of 1955, L’Espace littéraire, in which Blanchot discusses the experience of literature through readings of Heidegger, Kafka, Mallarmé and Rilke.1 In ‘Les Deux versions’, Blanchot outlines his concept of fascination which throughout his oeuvre he argues is central to literature. Les Cahiers de la Pléiade were launched by Jean Paulhan in 1946 and ran for 13 issues until 1952. ‘Les Deux versions’ was Blanchot’s final of five contributions.2Les Cahiers were set up partly in the wake of the ‘littérature engagée’ of Sartre, publishing authors such as Breton, Céline, Artaud, Char, Ponge and Kafka.3 In contrast to Blanchot’s later, regular publications in La Nouvelle Revue française, those produced for the more expensive, less frequent and less widely circulated Cahiers appear to be primarily occasional or irregular pieces.4 While there are several apparently minor changes made throughout the text (all but two of the original’s 21 paragraphs are modified in L’Espace littéraire), most significantly two key passages are excised. In this piece, I shall set out and explore these cuts.

Vygotsky, Neoliberalism and Post-structuralism: A Response to Jacob Klitmøller and Two Further Reviews of my Book “Neoliberalism, Pedagogy and Human Development” (Routledge, hardcover 2012, paperback 2014)

The paperback edition of “Neoliberalism, Pedagogy and Human Development”, which was published in 2014, almost coincided with the publication of two book reviews; one kindly written by Fabienne Gfeller (2014, in French for Cahiers de psychologie et éducation) and one by Jacob Klitmøller (2014, in Outlines: Critical Practice Studies). A third review of “Neoliberalism, Pedagogy and Human Development” has recently been published with Power and Education (by Matthew Connolly, 2015). As a first response to the discussion, which the book provoked, I try to briefly explore below a central question: Is linking post-structuralist thinking and Vygotskian scholarship meaningful?

La critique architecturale, objet de recherche

The article by Helene Janniere, published in 2009 in Cahiers de la Recherche architecturale et urbaine (in a special issue co-directed by the same author, together with Kenneth Frampton), presents an overview of the hypotheses, critical literature, and corpus that have nurtured—and delimited—the debates about and from architectural criticism during the last half-century. By analyzing it as an object of research itself, Janniere questions, from various perspectives, the main aspects related to the origins, transformations, and even contradictions that have shaped architectural criticism and its discourses. Drawing on texts by authors such as Venturi, Zevi, Collins, Bonta, Pawley, and Montaner, among others, the author finally proposes a series of clues that can help to understand the role and meaning of architectural criticism beyond the controversies and polemics about its disciplinary specificity, the crisis of its autonomy, or the volatility that has characterized the typologies established to understand it.

Spatio-temporal variability in recruitment pattern of the invasive mussels Xenostrobus securis

Spatio-temporal variability in recruitment pattern of the invasive mussels Xenostrobus securis

Fragments et bibliothèques médiévales à Toulouse : vestiges mineurs, signes de bibliothèques majeures disparues

Fragments and medieval libraries in Toulouse : traces and pointers to vanished collections. For the first time are presented here the fragments preserved in the libraries of Toulouse. At the present time, the list of literary (non-archival) fragments comprises 239 codicological entities, spread across the collections of the Bibliothèque d’Étude et du Patrimoine de Toulouse and those of the Departmental Archives of the Haute-Garonne. The fragments are classified according to former provenance, when the context of their dismemberment can be reconstituted. Lines of exploration of these fragments are proposed, according to either their age or their interest for historians, philologists or art historians. Particular emphasis is placed upon the history of the Toulousan libraries, especially those of the Dominicans, the Franciscans and the Augustinians. Twenty years after the state of the question in the 31st Cahier de Fanjeaux, new information is produced regarding the sources and inventories of the libraries of the ancient régime.

Los Cahiers de Civilisation espagnole contemporaine y la filosofía española contemporánea: un intento de aportación / The Cahiers de Civilisation espagnole contemporaine and the Spanish contemporary philosophy: a contribution

The Cahiers de Civilisation espagnole contemporaine, created by Jacques Maurice and directed at the present time by Manuelle Peloille (with Gerard Brey and Serge Buj as assistant directors), have tempted for several years to get round the historiographical blank that exists in France in terms of Spanish contemporary philosophy, as well as cultural history of thought and ideas. The latest records on these topics have shown this point, examining the link between philosophy and Spain.

De l'argent dans la Quinzaine

It is not surprising that Charles Péguy, the founder of the Cahiers de la Quinzaine, its administrator and main contributor, faced monetary problems throughout his life. For the Cahiers, which he created as a “free” voice among the multitude of socialist publications, did not mind to displease part of its readership; moreover he accepted no advertising. This article connects Péguy's defiance with respect to money to his philosophy of history. For the first time in the history of mankind, Péguy claims, money had eradicated all the traditional values of society. Péguy's originality is to present himself as a witness of this mutation and to expose its more insidious ramifications–for example in “parliamentary prose.”

The red and the black: Marie-Noëlle Thibault and the novels of Dominique Manotti

Dominique Manotti’s novels are informed by her experiences before she adopted this pen name and began writing fiction. As an instructor at Vincennes, a union leader and a militant with Les Cahiers de mai, Marie-Noëlle Thibault practised forms of political action aimed at empowering students and workers. She saw the possibilities for social change these promoted lost with the transformation of France during the presidency of François Mitterrand. Though Manotti continues to use methods she learned in Les Cahiers de mai and related projects, she adopted the roman noir to depict the self-reproducing nature of contemporary society which has displaced the world of participatory democracy to which she had devoted herself. Aware of France’s troubled recent past, she is less confident than Didier Daeninckx that revelation of it will weaken the powers that be.

Scientists’ spirituality in scientists’ words. Assessing and enriching the results of a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews by means of quantitative approaches

The present study proposes an analysis process to assess and enrich the results of a previous qualitative study on science and spirituality (Sbalchiero in Scienza e spiritualita: Ruoli e percezioni della ricerca nel mondo contemporaneo, 2012; Sbalchiero in Testing Pluralism: Globalizing Belief, 2013) by means of quantitative methods. Moving from qualitative findings, that envisaged a set of in-depth interviews with 24 Italian scientists, statistical analyses of textual data are applied on the same interviews in order to compare and contrast results and evaluate the opportunity of integrating different approaches. This review of qualitative results resorts to methods for classification of context units (Reinert in Les Cahiers de l’Analyse des Donnees 8:187–198, 1983), text clustering (Berry in Survey of Text Mining. Clustering, Classification, and Retrieval, 2004) and lexical correspondence analysis (Lebart et al. in Exploring textual data, 1998) in a general framework of content analysis and “lexical worlds” exploration (Reinert in Langage Societe, 1993), i.e. the identification of main topics and words used by Italian scientists to talk about the relationship among science, religion, spirituality. Results confirm the potentialities of mixed method approaches and shed light on how quantitative methods might become useful when available interviews increase in number and size.

Taxes, National Identity, and Nation Building: Evidence from France

What is the relationship between state capacity, national identity, and economic development? This paper argues that increases in state capacity can lower the collective action costs associated with political and economic exchange by encouraging the formation of a common identity. This hypothesis is tested by exploiting the fact that the French Monarchy was more successful in substituting its fiscal and legal institutions for those of the medieval seigneurial regime within an area of the country known as the Cinq Grosses Fermes (CGF). Highly disaggregated data on regional self-identification from the 1789 Cahiers de Doleances confirm that regions just inside the CGF were more likely than regions just outside the CGF to identify themselves with national, as opposed to local, institutions. We also show that regions inside the CGF that affiliated with national identity were more economically developed during the first half of the nineteenth century and more likely to contribute towards local public goods.

Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from The Rights of Man to Robespierre, by Jonathan Israel

Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from Rights of Man to Robespierre, by Jonathan Israel. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2014. 870 pp. $39.95 US (cloth). of his massive four-volume series tracing the Enlightenment from Baruch Spinoza through the end of the eighteenth century, Jonathan Israel offers a characteristically ambitious and original interpretation of the French Revolution certain to spark widespread debate. Israel shows little patience for any preceding school of Revolutionary historiography. Social interpretations and the study of broad political cultures, in his view, only enrich the background (p. 10). Francois Furet's intellectual history-based revisionism viewing the Rousseauianism of Robespierre as the Revolution's purest discourse, which dominated the field in recent decades, he declares, needs rejecting just as comprehensively (p. 28). In their place, Israel--building from some revolutionaries' contemporary interpretations and early nineteenth-century histories of the Revolution--looks to interpret the Revolution as the product of la philosophic, which he interprets to mean the Enlightenment he explores in his preceding 2011 volume. Consciously looking for a single dramatic factor (p. 14) to explain the era's radicalism, Israel--albeit with characters shiftily coming and going in his grand narrative--looks to identify a coterie sponsoring a comprehensive series of drastic changes. The Revolution, Israel argues, above all a process of emancipation, democratization, and fundamental renewal on the basis of human rights (p. 12). Of course, the French Revolution was also many other things besides a movement for Enlightenment, but Israel ably traces his cause's influence through the era. Israel begins his Revolution not with the Parlements or local Cahiers de Doleances, but rather with the Committee of Thirty, a coterie of radical pamphleteers operating out of Paris' Palais Royal which would most famously influence the production of member Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes' What is the Third Estate? Though Israel does not add to the little evidence surviving of the Committee's workings, and the figures involved are not normally described as neither a unified group nor uniformly republican, (p. 35) as Israel calls his protagonists, he sees their influence as predominant. Israel tracks such radical ideas' influence through the early Revolution through their enactment into the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Thereafter, Israel takes on the challenge of tracing the role of democratic thinkers and factions in their battles against during the Revolution's first years, and the radical alternative of authoritarian populism (p. 695) he sees Robespierre's faction as embodying. Though not a French Revolutionist by training, Israel gamely approaches Revolutionary debates and infighting--but with an often-excessive polarization matching outlying Revolutionaries' most excessive rhetoric. constitutional monarchism of Revolution's middle years is often neglected in Israel's treatment. Despite virtually all Revolutionaries' desire to end the Revolution and enact a compromise order, Israel remains adamant that so powerful a philosophique republican undercurrent (p. 141) could not remain ignored for long. break with Catholicism is described as wholly certain from the outset, (p. 181) while the push toward the overthrow of the monarchy is primarily attributed to [Jacques-Pierre] Brissot, [the Marquis de] Condorcet and their colleagues (p. 253) in the National Assembly rather than a contingent action of the federe and Parisian popular movements in the final insurrection of August 10, 1792. Israel's culmination of the Radical Enlightenment tendency (p. 348) is the Constitution of February 1793. Curiously, for a movement Israel has traced over a century and a half, he describes its final triumph as one of moderation, which after having vanquished monarchy sought a judicious middle path between the Scylla of direct and the Charybdis of pure representative democracy (p. …

How Does Taste In Educational Settings Influence Parent Decision Making Regarding Enrolment?

How Does Taste In Educational Settings Influence Parent Decision Making Regarding Enrolment?

Moines et religieux dans la ville (XII e –XV e siècle) Edited by Nicole Bériou and Cécile Caby (review)

Moines et religieux dans la ville (XIIe-XVe siecle). Edited by Nicole Beriou and Cecile Caby. [Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 44.] (Toulouse: Editions Privat. 2009. Pp. 639, with 1 CD. euro35,00. ISBN 978-2-7089-3447-4.)This volume of the Cahiers de Fanjeaux is based on the 2008 colloquy, the theme of which is stated in the title. Religieux here represents those subject to some rule (as opposed to the secular clergy) but not cloistered (as the moines were) and who were ordinarily in close contact with the laity.The first essay, by Nicole Beriou, provides a general overview of the relationship between religious orders and the cities of Europe between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries. He emphasizes that, despite the close connection between urbanization and the mendicant orders noted by Jacques Le Goff and others, older orders found their way into the cities well before the mendicants appeared. Yves Esquieu then traces a general history of the clergy in southern French cities from the fourth to the eleventh centuries.The next section concentrates on religious orders other than the mendicants. The first of them, by Jorg Oberste, traces the successive appearances of various monastic communities at Toulouse, emphasizing the roles they played and their contests for power, prestige, and income. As he proceeds from Benedictine monasticism through Cluniac reform and its amplification in the hands of a rising papacy, then through the Cistercians and the new military orders, Oberste furnishes a miniaturized history of western monasticism from the beginning to the early-thirteenth century as it played out in the rising cities, offering another reminder that, long before the mendicants appeared, monastic institutions performed an important role in satisfying the spiritual needs of those cities.Daniel Le Blevec, too, concentrates on a single city (Montpelier), whereas other articles specialize in other ways. Damien Carraz concentrates on the military orders and Alexis Grelois on the Cistercians, whereas Henri Gilles discusses monks at the universities. Yannick Veyrenche examines the canons regular of Saint-Ruf at Avignon and Valence, whereas Denyse Riche deals with the Cluniacs at Moissac.The next section turns to the mendicants, who understandably receive a lion's share of the attention. The book comes with a CD, but individual historians' enthusiasm about utilizing it depends on their project. Nelly Pousthomis-Dalle employs it admirably in her survey of mendicant settlement in southwestern France, as does Francois Guyonnet in his tour of mendicant houses in southeastern France. Both clarify their presentation with a plethora of maps and photographs. …

Spór o Kartezjusza. Polemika B. Wyszesławcewa z J. Maritainem, dotycząca znaczenia filozofii Kartezjusza dla nowożytnej duchowości europejskiej

The article deals with the debate which took place in 1931 in Paris and was published in the same year in Cahier de la Quinzaine. The main adversaries were Jacques Maritain and Boris Vysheslavtsev. The French and the Russian philosopher discussed the nature and significance of Cartesian heritage for contemporary philosophy and culture. Maritain accuses Descartes of detachment from traditional philosophy, which resulted in a grave fallacy. Vysheslavtsev in turn argues that the 17th-century philosopher set forth a path on which it is possible to overcome the errors he is accused of. His reductive method led him towards the phenomenology of the “I” and the Absolute, revealing the specificity of the relation between the two. He stopped halfway, however, assuming the two sides of that relation to be separate elements. Thus he found himself in an ambiguous position, thinking in fact more than he was able to enunciate within the intellectual culture of his time. Referring to that polemic, Nikolai Berdyaev points out that, surprisingly, it is the French Neo-Thomist who formulates a severe indictment of Descartes, while the Russian philosopher attempts to defend him. The situation appears even more intriguing in view of the hostility that Russian philosophy has always shown towards all forms of rationalism, especially artesianism. Despite that, it is the Russian religious thinker who defends the creator of modern rationalism and even incorporates some of his philosophical intuitions into his own philosophical reflections. What then does this controversy consist in? And what is it in Cartesian philosophy that Vysheslavtsev appreciated and Maritain failed to notice?

Writing the Shadow: War and Childhood in Marguerite Duras’s ‘Cahiers de la guerre’

Marguerite Duras’s Cahiers de la guerre (Wartime Notebooks) were written between 1943 and 1949 and first published in France in 2006. Two key aspects of Duras’s writing which appear for the first time in these notebooks are her pre-occupation with her childhood in Indochina, on the one hand, and her experiences during the Second World War and the occupation of France, on the other hand. This essay explores the dual representation of war and childhood in Cahiers de la guerre, in terms of the relationship between identity and alterity that underpins both narratives. Drawing on the work of the psychoanalyst Jessica Benjamin, the author contends that Duras’s construction of this relationship, initially founded on an exclusive and oppositional model of identification, is gradually transformed into intersubjective recognition. It is argued that this transition is possible precisely because of Duras’s process of integration of her own inner ‘otherness’ and thus her ability to ‘write the shadow’, both individually and collectively.

La Creation romanesque de Proust: la genese de 'Combray'

The rich holdings of Proust manuscripts (cahiers de brouillon, cahiers de montage, and dactylogrammes) in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, and the fact that practically all such material is kept in a single place, have ensured that À la recherche du temps perdu has been a prime candidate for ‘genetic’ investigations. The bibliography of Akio Wada's new volume (he is already the author of an Index général des cahiers de brouillon de Marcel Proust (Osaka: Osaka University Press, 2009)) lists sixty-five such studies (books and articles), by thirty different authors, bearing chiefly on the early part of Proust's novel. Wada examines material composed, reworked, copied, or typed between the end of 1908 and the summer of 1911, and attempts to use it to trace the emergence of the ‘Combray’ we now know from Proust's original project of an essay on Sainte-Beuve, to be framed in an account of a morning spent with his mother. He also discusses elements of Un amour de Swann, and returns to the vexed question of how much of Le Temps retrouvé (the last volume of the finished work) was actually composed at this very early stage. These are questions of abiding interest to Proustians, but this book will be of value chiefly to specialists already deeply versed in the study of his manuscripts. The opening of Wada's Chapter 3 gives a good impression of the level of detail at which he works: ‘Il faut pénétrer dans le labyrinthe des ajouts autographes qui parsèment les feuillets de la dactylographie [de ‘Combray’]. Les différences de couleur de l'encre suggèrent qu'ils ne datent pas de la même époque' (p. 43). He is soon able to establish (pace an earlier scholar) that certain red-ink numbers appearing in Carnet 1 of the manuscript relate to red-ink additions to the typescript. This allows him to adjust some dating by a matter of months. Most of the book is taken up with highly technical arguments of this kind with other Proust ‘geneticists’. His sixth chapter (in Part II), ‘Du Contre Sainte-Beuve au Temps retrouvé’, will be of most interest to the non-specialist reader of Proust, and in his Conclusion (pp. 168–69) a helpful chart gives Wada's own account of the order of writing and typing of the various components of what would eventually become the first and last volumes of Proust's novel. Well-funded specialist libraries wishing to complete the ‘Recherches proustiennes’ series will be the most likely buyers.

Massacre in the old and new worlds, c.1780–1820

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgement We would like to thank both the editors of the Journal of Genocide Research for allowing us the opportunity to publish this work collectively, and the anonymous referees of the journal for their remarks, criticisms and comments. Notes See the discussion in Paul Boghossian, ‘The concept of genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2010, pp. 69–80. The term was first used by Leo Kuper, Genocide: its political use in the twentieth century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981), and reprised by Ben Kiernan, Blood and soil: a world history of genocide and extermination from Sparta to Darfur (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007). For a similar approach, see the special issue entitled ‘Les massacres aux temps des Révolutions’, in La Révolution française: Cahiers de l'Institut d'Histoire de la Révolution française, 3 (2011). Philip Dwyer and Lyndall Ryan, ‘The massacre and history’, in Philip Dwyer and Lyndall Ryan (eds.), Theatres of violence: massacre, mass killing and atrocity throughout history (New York: Berghahn Books, 2012), pp. xiii. Most indigenous perspectives are either North or South American. See, for example, Karl Jacoby, ‘“The broad platform of extermination”: nature and violence in the nineteenth-century American Borderlands’, Journal of Genocide Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2008, pp. 249–267. Jacques Semelin, Purify and destroy: the political uses of massacre and genocide, trans. Cynthia Schoch (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007); Semelin, ‘Du crime de masse’, in Thomas Ferenczi (ed.), Faut-il s'accommoder de la violence? (Paris: Complexe, 2000), pp. 375–391. Mark Levene and Penny Roberts (eds), The massacre in history (New York: Berghahn Books, 1999), pp. 1, 4, 5. See Keith Windschuttle, ‘The myth of frontier massacres in Australian history, Part II: the fabrication of the Aboriginal death toll’, Quadrant, November 2000, p. 18; and Ben Kiernan, ‘Australia's Aboriginal genocide’, Yale Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 1, No. 1, (2000), p. 52. See, for example, Alain Corbin, The village of cannibals: rage and murder in France, 1870, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992). As would argue Howard G. Brown, ‘Domestic state violence: repression from the croquants to the commune,’ Historical Journal, Vol. 42, No. 3, 1999, pp. 597–622. David A. Bell, The first total war: Napoleon's Europe and the birth of modern warfare (London: Bloomsbury, 2008), p. 168. The association between the ‘genocide’ in the Vendée and later twentieth-century totalitarian genocides reached its climax during the Bicentenary of the Revolution with the publication of Reynald Secher's Le génocide franco-français: la Vendée-Vengé (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1988). For a discussion of this debate see, Jean-Clément Martin, La Vendée et la Révolution. Accepter la mémoire pour écrire l'histoire (Paris: Perrin, 2007), pp. 61–85. Roger Chickering, ‘A tale of two tales: grand narratives of war in the age of revolution’, in Roger Chickering and Stig Förster (eds.), War in an age of revolution, 1775–1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 1–17. Arno J. Mayer, The Furies: violence and terror in the French and Russian revolutions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000). On the Australian connection see Christine Wright, Wellington's men in Australia: Peninsular War veterans and the making of empire c.1820–40 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011). See, for example, Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison, Coloniser, Exterminer: Sur la guerre et l'Etat colonial (Paris: Fayard, 2005). Kiernan, Blood and soil. A. Dirk Moses (ed.), Empire, colony, genocide: conquest, occupation, and subaltern resistance in world history (New York: Berghahn, 2008).