As one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for the treatment of various liver diseases, virgate wormwood herb ( Artemisia capillaris Thunb.) has a long application history in TCM practices. It has been well established that the chemical composition is responsible for the pronounced therapeutic spectrum of A. capillaris . Although they are comprehensive, the time-intensive liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assays cannot fully satisfy the analytical measurement workload from many test samples. Direct infusion-MS/MS (DI–MS/MS) may be the optimal choice to achieve high-throughput analysis if the mass spectrometer can universally record MS 2 spectra. According to the application of gas phase ion fractionation concept, the MS/MS ALL program enables to gain MS 2 spectrum for each nominal m/z value with a data-independent acquisition algorithm via segmenting the entire MS 1 ion cohort into sequential ion pieces with 1 Da width, when sufficient measurement time is allowed by DI approach. Here, rapid clarification of the chemical composition was attempted for A. capillaris using DI–MS/MS ALL . A. capillaris extract was imported directly into the electrospray ionization interface to obtain the MS/MS ALL measurement. After the MS 1 -MS 2 dataset was well organized, we focused on structural characterization through retrieving information from the available databases and literature. Twenty-six compounds were found, including 12 caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives, 7 flavonoids, and 7 compounds belonging to other chemical families. Among them, 24 ones were structurally identified. Compared with the LC–MS/MS technique, DI–MS/MS ALL has the advantages of low-costing, solvent-saving, and time-saving. Chemical profiling of A. capillaris extract was accomplished within 5 min by DI–MS/MS ALL , and this technique can be an alternative choice for chemical profile characterization of TCMs due to its extraordinary high-throughput advantage.