Cable Network Research Articles

Optimized Surface Adjustment Method for Large Deployable Cable Network Antennas

Large deployable mesh reflectors typically require high surface accuracy and have large apertures. The accumulation of machining errors in a large number of cables can lead to significant deviations between the final manufactured surface and the theoretical surface, particularly due to the large number of cables involved. Adjusting the mesh reflector is often necessary to meet the surface accuracy requirements. However, traditional surface adjustment methods can be challenging to converge and time-consuming. To address this issue, our paper proposes an engineering surface based on measured manufacturing errors as a substitute for the theoretical surface. This method can save time on the coarse adjustment of surface accuracy for large deployable mesh reflectors, reducing the overall surface accuracy adjustment time by 30%.

Africa’s roads to digital development: paving the way for Chinese structural power in the ICT sector?

Over the past few decades, China emerged as Africa’s main partner in digital development. Sino-African cooperation in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector meets African demand for advanced technologies and know-how while helping China to position itself in the global ICT sector. Albeit crucial for Africa’s digital development in the short term, this paper argues that the breadth of Sino-African cooperation carries important long-term consequences that could afford China latent control over Africa’s digital development. Drawing on Susan Strange’s pillars of structural power, this paper considers how the rollout of fiber-optic network cables underpins Chinese control over production, how the construction of data centers might impinge on security, and how research partnerships enhance norms and standards in future innovation—the knowledge pillar. The paper argues that the enabling force of Sino-African cooperation in these three realms is Chinese finance. To test this claim, I conduct a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) of 42 states in Sub-Saharan Africa, showing that Chinese aid and, to a lesser extent, Chinese loans are the main drivers of Sino-African ties in the ICT sector. The paper concludes that Chinese financial support not only promotes Africa’s digital development but also paves the way to Chinese structural power in the ICT sector.

Optimal self-stress determination for high-accuracy mesh reflectors design considering the pillow distortion

The pillow distortion is a significant barrier to the high-accuracy design of mesh reflector antennas, which is caused by the compatible deformation between the flexible cable network and the metallic mesh, manifested as the pillow-like distortion of the mesh reflecting surface. The pillow effect deviates the mesh surface from the desired paraboloidal shape leading to the surface error. Unfortunately, current researches usually neglect this effect in the mesh reflector design due to its complicated formulation. Focusing on this phenomenon, this paper proposed an optimal self-stress determination method for high-accuracy mesh reflector design. Firstly, a mechanism model of pillow distortion is proposed based on the cable-membrane constitutive models and coupling relations. The integrated equilibrium equation of the mesh reflector is established and solved by the dynamic relaxation (DR) method, which effectively analyses the influence of the pillow distortion on the mesh reflector. Then, considering the pillow distortion, a high-accuracy design method for the mesh reflector is proposed by optimising the geometrical sizes of the cable network and the metallic mesh combining the DR method with optimisation algorithm. Finally, the proposed method is effectively applied to the design of an eighteen-unit mesh reflector antenna, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated.

A fibre Bragg grating accelerometer with temperature insensitivity for cable force monitoring of FAST

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) currently holds the distinction of being the largest single-aperture telescope worldwide. To ensure its secure functioning, it is crucial to monitor the cable force on its active reflecting surface cable network structure. In this paper, a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) accelerometer is developed to acquire low-frequency vibration signals of the cables. The sensor’s cantilever beam structure enables high sensitivity measurement of low-frequency signals, while the symmetrical double fibre grating structure effectively eliminates the impact of temperature. The sensor’s specific limiting structure ensures its survival during transportation and installation. A series of laboratory tests have been performed, and they demonstrate the excellent measurement performance, temperature insensitivity and practical usefulness of the accelerometer. Ninety FBG accelerometers are successfully installed on the site of the FAST project, where they are precisely measuring and documenting the magnitude of force exerted on the edge cables.

Abstract A007: Expanding clinical trial awareness among Black communities through digital engagement

Abstract Background: Black patients are less likely to be enrolled in clinical trials compared with White patients, resulting in reduced access to breakthrough treatments and limited understanding of treatment effect. Ineffective dissemination of cancer research, education, and interventions among the public contributes to cancer inequities. Dissemination rarely involves non-research audiences and end-users. We conducted community-engaged research through focus groups with Black community members and family members of cancer survivors. Through these efforts, we are creating a culturally responsive public service announcement (PSA) video to increase clinical trial awareness among Black audiences. Methods: We conducted 5 focus groups over two phases with 1) social support networks of Black cancer survivors (n=20) and 2) Black community members (n=30) to inform the PSA to be disseminated through media and public health outlets. A final focus group will be conducted to elicit video feedback after production. Phase 1 focus groups informed PSA content. Data was triangulated with qualitative data from Black women with breast cancer, oncologists, clinical trial staff, and advocates from a concurrent study about clinical trial participation. Phase 2 focus groups sought feedback on video content prior to production. Content and thematic analyses identified themes and recommendations. Results: For Phases 1 and 2, we used maximum variation sampling to recruit Black participants (n = 50) varied in age, geographic region, education, and gender. Phase 1 themes included: 1) clinical trial mistrust due to experiences of racism persists, but diminishes with younger respondents or those who participated in clinical trials; 2) clinical trial trust-building was associated with transparency from medical experts and information relayed by someone in the Black community and from clinical trial participants; 3) invasive procedures impact views on risks and benefits of participation; 4) messages that are not coercive, but support decision-making are more credible; and 5) sharing the PSA on social media with links to primary resources was recommended. Phase 2 participants reported that the: 1) storyline and script were informative, culturally representative, realistic, and understandable; 2) participants saw themselves in the characters and family dynamics; 3) opening scene should be altered to avoid racial stereotypes; and 4) storyline elicited desire to pursue additional information before making a decision about participation. The script triggered discussion about factors impacting low clinical trial participation and ineffective information dissemination to Black communities. The revised script integrated participant feedback; the video is under production. The PSA is planned to be aired on a national cable network. Conclusions: By eliciting and integrating feedback from Black community members, we developed a culturally representative and responsive PSA that facilitates agency for decision making and information seeking about clinical trials that can be widely disseminated. Citation Format: Eliza B. Cohn, Ryan Huu-Tuan Nguyen, Leslie Carnahan, Kauthar Salum, Neha Hippalgaonkar, Tigist Mersha, Ana Williams, Robbin Block, Kent Hoskins, Vida Henderson. Expanding clinical trial awareness among Black communities through digital engagement [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A007.

Analisis Lalu Lintas Data Internet Gim Multipemain Battle Royale Berbasis Konsol di Jakarta

Playing games on portable or non-portable console platforms is an activity that can be done anywhere when having free time. However, playing online-based games requires reliable Internet speed in Jakarta, both wired and wireless, in several areas, specifically in multiplayer online games like Fortnite, which are busy playing multi-platforms. This study aims to determine Internet data traffic when playing in 1 match. This research activity was carried out using quantitative methods, measured descriptively, using non-probabilistic samples, and using primary data that was recorded and worked on independently. Obtained in 1 time playing the game Fortnite has an average downstream of 10.52 ± 4.41 KBps, upstream of 3.08 ± 1.12 Kbps, ping of 103.44 ± 10.74 milliseconds, and 0% packet loss. Data traffic, which is only 0.12% downstream and 0.04% upstream, shows that this game is friendly to Internet data traffic to be played on game consoles using a postpaid cable network in Jakarta.

The “Us vs. Them” Mentality: The Role of Affective Polarization in Deepening the Partisan Divide in Media Bias Perception

This study examines how affective polarization impacts the partisan divide in perceptions of cable news networks’ political biases. Results from a 2016 U.S. presidential election survey show that affective polarization deepens this divide, even after controlling for election involvement, partisanship strength, and cable news usage. Partisanship strength is more closely associated with in-party love than out-party hate, but out-party hate has a stronger association with media bias perception, indicating that out-group hate is more influential in shaping partisans’ media bias perception.

Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Buying Behaviour (With Reference to Online Entertainment Platforms)

An alteration in the economy has occurred both at the micro and macro levels as a result of the coronavirus disease occurring at such an alarming pace and pushing the economy to a new normal. Since then, customers' buying behaviour, attitudes, tastes, and decision-making processes have altered. The devastating effects of the Corona Virus epidemic were also felt by online entertainment platforms. Social media marketing activities also influence the behaviour of consumers towards online entertainment platforms. As Traditional media channels have been challenged by the emergence of OTT platforms, which puts pressure on cable and satellite television networks' dominance. Consumers are cutting the cord and switching from traditional TV subscriptions to streaming services as a result of this transition. Traditional broadcasters and pay-tv providers have thus had to modify their methods in order to remain competitive, either by starting their own OTT platforms or collaborating with already-existing ones. By giving customers more convenience, choice, and control over their media consumption, OTT platforms have revolutionised the entertainment sector. Their disruptive impact on conventional media platforms is clear, changing consumer behaviour and forcing established firms to react. Further investigation is required as the OTT environment develops in order to examine new patterns, regulatory outcomes, monetization techniques, and the long-term effects on the entertainment industry. This research aims to analyse the impact of social media marketing on consumer preferences towards online entertainment platforms in India. It also seeks to identify the factors influencing customer behaviour towards these platforms and study the perception of Jaipur's consumers towards subscription-based services for entertainment. Additionally, the research investigates how social media affects consumer decision-making processes when selecting and engaging with online entertainment platforms. The research methodology for this study primarily focuses on data collection and analysis. A mixed-methods approach has been employed, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data to gain a thorough understanding of how social media influences consumer behaviour towards online entertainment platforms. With the aid of a self-structured questionnaire, primary data has been collected for the study. The survey has included Likert scale-based questions to assess respondents' opinions on social media, online entertainment platforms, and their content preferences. The questionnaire also inquires about the frequency and impact of social media usage on purchasing decisions. To ensure reliable and generalizable results, appropriate statistical methods have been employed to determine the sample size of Jaipur city. For qualitative sampling, random convenience sampling has been utilised. Qualitative data analysis involved content and frequency analysis techniques, along with graphical representations of the data. The study's findings have been drawn based on these analyses.

Wind farm layout optimization under uncertainty

Wind power is a major source of green energy production. However, the energy generation of wind power is highly affected by uncertainty. Here, we consider the problem of designing the cable network that interconnects the turbines to the substation in wind farms, aiming to minimize both the infrastructure cost and the cost of the energy losses during the wind farm’s lifetime. Nonetheless, the energy losses depend on wind direction and speed, which are rarely known with certainty in real situations. Hence, the design of the network should consider these losses as uncertain parameters. We assume that the exact probability distribution of these parameters is unknown but belongs to an ambiguity set and propose a distributionally robust two-stage mixed integer model. The model is solved using a decomposition algorithm. Three enhancements are proposed given the computational difficulty in solving real problem instances. Computational results are reported based on real data.

Plant-Inspired conductive hydrogels with long-lasting stability and low temperature tolerance for flexible sensors and signal transmission carriers

Pliable and conductive hydrogels have been widely studied in soft robots, electronic skin, and artificial sensors. However, their poor water-retention capability and inferior low temperature tolerance make the practical application unrealistic. Inspired by the freezing tolerant plants, a zwitterionic osmolyte (proline) is introduced to the Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Polyacrylamide/Ca-alginate (PACL) hydrogel system through simple solvent displacement strategy. The resulting hydrogel shows excellent stretchability (up to 1226 %), high conductivity (11.96 S/m) and long-term stability. It can successfully remain flexibility and conductivity even at ultra-low temperature (-40 °C). The hydrogel-based wearable sensors demonstrate rapid and accurate response to both large-scale movements and subtle motions. Moreover, it can transmit signals as network cables under subzero temperature.

Analysis of Disneys Acquisition of 21st Century Fox

Disney has recently made a momentous announcement regarding its acquisition of 21st Century Fox, a deal that is poised to revolutionize the entertainment industry. Valued at a staggering $71.3 billion, this acquisition will grant Disney control over Foxs film and television studios, cable networks, and international assets. With the addition of Foxs assets, Disney will emerge as an even more dominant force in the entertainment industry, boasting a vast library of content and a formidable presence in both film and television. This study will offer a comprehensive analysis of the acquisition. With fewer major players in the market, there are concerns about the impact on competition and the potential for increased prices for consumers. However, Disney has stated that the acquisition will enable it to better compete with new industry players, such as Netflix and Amazon. By merging its own content with that of Fox, it will be able to offer a more comprehensive streaming service, which is becoming increasingly vital in the era of cord-cutting. Overall, the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney is a momentous development in the entertainment industry, with far-reaching implications for both companies and consumers. While there are concerns about the impact on competition, the deal is likely to bolster Disneys position in the market and enhance its ability to compete with new industry players.

Research on the Fire Hazard of Different Cables Based on Cone Calorimetry

In recent years, due to the extensive application and inherent fire hazard of cable materials, the combustion characteristics of frequently used cables, including electrical cables, wires, optical fibers, and network cables have been studied based on ISO 5660 cone calorimetry. The fire hazard associated with these cables under different radiation intensities was explored in this study, with parameters such as time to ignition (TTI), heat release rate per unit area (HRRPUA), peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and mass loss rate (MLR) being investigated for each cable type. Based on an experimental analysis, the risk of fire for all four cable types was augmented by an increase in the external radiation intensity, with electrical cables considered as posing the greatest risk. Regarding smoke toxicity, the lowest risk of smoke toxicity was demonstrated by the network cable, with an FED (fractional effective dose) of 0.0203, followed by optical fibers, with an FED of 0.0507; electrical wires, with an FED of 0.0417; and electrical cables, with an FED of 0.0501. Notably, no significant distinctions were exhibited by the other three cable types, and the smoke toxicity of all four cables did not reach lethal concentration levels in humans. Consequently, considering both thermal hazard and smoke toxicity, it became evident that electrical cables posed the greatest overall fire hazard.

Fault detection and localization in unshielded twisted pair cable based on observability analysis and reflectometry experimental measurements

In this paper, an efficient method is proposed for detecting and locating a soft fault, i.e. a physical degradation, in a Y-shaped network of unshielded twisted pair cables. The method uses jointly the observability analysis and time-frequency domain reflectometry experimental measurements. The fault detection consists in checking the consistency between the known characteristics of the cable under no-fault and faulty conditions, with the maximum value of a normalized time-frequency cross-correlation function computed on a sliding time window whose length is equal to the boundary exact observability time. The cable transmission speed and the wired network observability time are combined to locate precisely the fault. Soft faults are artificially created by connecting resistors of different values to the test cable. Experimental results show the efficiency of our fault detection and localization method.

Reducing the Threat of Electrical Hazards through the Application of Solar Energy: Realizing Child-Friendly Electricity in Elementary Schools.

<p><em>The advancement of information technology provides ease of learning. However, learning media in schools usually depends on average electrical settings and electronic devices to support information technology (IT). The learning media in Indonesia generally depends on the utilization of PLN's electrical energy. It is undeniable that electricity is a basic need in teaching and learning activities today, even though the existence of electrical installations in the midst of children saves dangers that need to be anticipated. The solution is to provide socialization and education on child-friendly technology. In this case, the school community will be introduced to utilizing and building safe electrical installations for children. In principle, some electrical components available on the market will have their own level of safety, and safe and child-friendly components must be chosen. Furthermore, electrical installations will be built with solar energy sources because the technology has many advantages, including renewable energy, without high-voltage cable networks, and providing efficiency in school operational costs. It is more important that solar electricity can work at low voltages to be safe in children's environments.</em> <em>The result at the activity location installed electricity from Solar Power Plant with a 300 Watt inverter to provide electricity for school computer devices. In addition, 10 outdoor lighting points are installed that are set to turn on and off automatically. The main goal to provide efficient and safe electrical facilities for children has been well realized.</em></p>

Transient research on distribution networks incorporating superconducting cables utilizing field–circuit coupling method

High temperature superconducting (HTS) cable represents a promising solution for fulfilling the power demands of cities with large loads and high density. However, due to their connection to the distribution network, HTS cables are vulnerable to fault currents exceeding ten times their rated current, which poses a serious threat to both the safety of the cable and the operation of the grid. Considering the highly nonlinear nature of superconducting conductivity, this study develops a field–circuit coupling model to investigate the transient characteristics of distribution networks incorporating superconducting cables (DNSC). Firstly, a finite element model based on the two-dimensional H formulation was built to calculate the electrical and thermal parameters of the HTS cable. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit model of the distribution network was employed to estimate the short-circuit currents. Communicating via a co-simulation server, the superconducting cable current and distribution network impedance were updated in each step. Further, based on an actual DNSC system in Shenzhen, China, the highest quenching temperature of the cable and the maximum fault current of busbars were assessed. Finally, by integrating current limiters into the system, the withstand capability of the cable and busbars was determined, which indicates that the improved protection configuration can effectively suppress fault currents and ensure safe operation. Successfully applied to an actual distribution network, the co-simulation model utilizing the field–circuit coupling method addresses the challenges of solving highly nonlinear and time-varying systems, enabling transient analysis and protection research for the integration of superconducting devices into the conventional grid.

Spikebot: A Multigait Tensegrity Robot with Linearly Extending Struts.

Numerous recent research efforts have leveraged networks of rigid struts and flexible cables, called tensegrity structures, to create highly resilient and packable mobile robots. However, the locomotion of existing tensegrity robots is limited in terms of both speed and number of distinct locomotion modes, restricting the environments that a robot is capable of exploring. In this study, we present a tensegrity robot inspired by the volumetric expansion of Tetraodontidae. The robot, referred to herein as Spikebot, employs pneumatically actuated rigid struts to expand its global structure and produce diverse gaits. Spikebot is composed of linear actuators that dually serve as rigid struts linked by elastic cables for stability. The linearly actuating struts can selectively protrude to initiate thrust- and instability-driven locomotion primitives. Such motion primitives allow Spikebot to reliably locomote, achieving rolling, lifting, and jumping. To highlight Spikebot's potential for robotic exploration, we demonstrate how it achieves multi-dimensional locomotion over varied terrestrial conditions.

Bayesian forces identification in cable networks with small bending stiffness

The regular monitoring of cable forces is essential for ensuring the safety of cable structures both during construction and throughout their lifetime. This paper aims at developing a vibration-based identification procedure of the axial forces, bending stiffness, and, secondarily, the crossing point position of cable networks. A model constituted by two crossing stays having small bending stiffness and negligible sag effects is considered. The in-plane direct dynamic problem is solved both numerically and through a perturbation approach. The obtained results are compared to the outcomes of a finite element model for verification purposes. The theoretical studies are also supported by experimental tests performed on a real cable-stayed bridge (Haccourt bridge), which provide insights into the dynamics of the system showing that models of cables with small bending stiffness are more appropriate than taut string models. The inverse analysis based on non-linear Bayesian regression is developed and the closed-form asymptotic formulations are used to prove that the bending stiffness, the cable forces, and the crossing point position can be separately identified from a set of observed frequencies. The implemented procedure is then applied to the tested bridge as a proof of concept, showing that the proposed in-plane identification strategy provides satisfactory results.

A Comparative Case Study of Media Coverage of the Opening and Closing Ceremonies of Winter Olympic Games Beijing 2022

Establishing a good national image and encouraging Chinese culture to spread out is a particularly important part of China's national cultural soft power construction. Winter Olympics Beijing 2022 is a global event, which is of immense value and significance for showing China's cultural charm and shaping the national image. Recently, research on the combination of framing theory and reports on the Olympic Games has significantly increased. However, there are few studies focusing on the cultural part of the analysis of reports. After making a summary of the coverage on China major events and Olympic Games of mainstream media, this study, based on the theory of cultural resistance and cultural-bound frame, chose mainstream media CNN (Cable News Network), BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), and China Daily as samples, attempting to analyze their reports of the Opening and Closing ceremonies of the Winter Olympics Games Beijing 2022. Through the comparative analysis of Olympic coverage, this research shows that foreign media’s attitudes towards China have remarkably changed and investigates how Chinese culture is disseminated in some parts of the world to identify the factors affecting the dissemination of cultural elements. The research findings also revealed that coverage of BBC and CNN concerns more about China’s alleged abused human rights, while the part about Chinese cultural translation is limited. Only by having a comprehensive understanding of the process of transmitting culture can cultural translation be well-achieved. and it can help promote mutual communication and cooperation of the world.

Line electrical transmission damage identification tool in distributors electrical networks

In the paper showing that one of the main way for Ukraine electric power industry evolution is electric power networks and systems improvement and construction considering Smart Grid concept. The main idea of Smart grid is the reliable, energy-efficient and high-quality energy supply system. To implement the idea, it is necessary to create a high-performance information and computing infrastructure. The main components of Smart Grid is emergency mode diagnostics and damage monitoring. Providing fault diagnostics and fault monitoring can improve the power supply reliability and quality to consumers. So, the task of quickly and accurately determining the place of damage is important. In the article showing that emergency detection tools in sections of both cable and overhead electrical networks it’s a way to improve efficiency of the networks. The diagram of the placement of damage indicators on the section of the electrical distribution network is presented, which allows determining the direction of the search for the location of the damage. A comparative analysis of measuring current transformers of optical and electromagnetic type was carried out. It is shown that a significant number of advantages of optical measuring current transformers, which can be used in damage indicators, can be provided by measuring current transformers of the electromagnetic type. Creating fault indicator based on the Smart Grid concept lets do to reduce searching time for the cause and location of an emergency situation to a minimum. In this concept application fault indicator in energy grid ensure it connection to operating overhead and cable lines without removing voltage by connecting the output of the secondary winding of the measuring current transformer of the detachable design to the measuring converters directly placed near the current measuring transformers with the help of a mechanical spring fastener. A block diagram of a specialized information-measuring system with a damage indicator was created, taking into account the requirements of the Smart Grid concept, which allows to reduce the time of searching for the cause to a minimum.

News of Noam: Unpacking Media Coverage of Chomsky

Media inform and obfuscate. Corporate motives influence how news is neglected, reported, and contextualized. It is informative to examine the extent to which news content varies based on source and period. As a longstanding critic of news media, and a leading public intellectual, Noam Chomsky is a worthy case study. Three author-created, corpora of news articles referencing Noam Chomsky were created. The corpora contained articles from Agence France-Presse (AFP; n = 54), The Associated Press (AP; n = 48), and the Cable News Network Wire (CNNW; n = 6), from the years 2012 to 2022. Number and length analyses, along with hypothesis tests, established the degree of similarity existing among the articles of the three news wire services and periods. Analysis of variance showed that news source was significant in terms of both the number of articles (H2), F(2,6) = 5.916, p = 0.038., and article length (H4), F(2,105) = 23.936, p = 0.000 ( = 0.05). Little commonality in content or framing was established among the three news sources or periods in terms of top words or bigrams of merit. Whereas there were differences in the absolute values and degree of change, each of the three news sources contained a slightly negative average sentiment score when using the AFINN lexicon. The results of this study, while limited to a single case, are illustrative of broader concerns and are potentially useful for those engaged in media studies, politics, rhetoric, organizational management, and the social sciences.