Bypass Road Research Articles

TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN DHAKA CITY: POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS

The study was conducted to explore the root causes and impacts of current traffic jams and suggest an appropriate strategy to wipe out this problem of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. A mixture of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies was considered for data collection and analysis. The study shown the causes of traffic congestion of Dhaka, namely, inefficacy and poor execution rate of current traffic code of practice, existence of too many regulatory authorities, violation of traffic rules, defective planning of city roads, excessive vehicles, illegal occupancy of roads and footpaths, want of communication set-up and logistic provision, inadequacy of traffic management team and shortage of public vehicles. It was exposed by the study that Dhaka's traffic situation is not friendly for improved living standard. Environmental risks, severe air and sound pollutions and serious loss of public health are the end results of Dhaka's traffic jam. Moreover, both micro and macro economical situation of Bangladesh is being exaggerated due to this problem. The study strongly recommended that an up-to-date and integrated strategy is needed to cope-up the current traffic chaos of Dhaka. Initiation of subway, introduction of road pricing/congestion charge, construction of bypass roads for inter-city connectivity, investment of adequate public money, steps for regain the illegally occupied footpaths, more construction of communication infrastructure, ban of rickshaw and other non-motorized vehicles, increase of public awareness program, logistic support and public bus are identified by the study as potential solutions of Dhaka's congestion. Article visualizations:

Building Beyond the Bypass Road: Urban Migration, Ritual Eating, and the Fate of the Joint Family in Patna, India

ABSTRACTThe anthropology of urban migration in South Asia has emphasized the plight of marginalized people and conflicts over public space. But the precarity of agriculture and inadequacy of basic state services has increasingly compelled rural middle‐class families in Bihar, India, to establish a foothold in the country's booming cities. Because they aim to remain located in both the urban and rural spheres, urban migration reconfigures kinship relations so that the joint family household becomes a non‐cohabitating entity. Constructing a house in the city depends on rural consumption practices that are distinct from the individual‐oriented consumerism of the urban middle class. The gr̥h praveś, the Hindu house consecration ceremony and feast, legitimizes this transition. The hosts negotiate their hybrid identity as urban migrants through the event's food practices. For instance, adulteration scandals have prompted concerns about provisioning milk in the city. The consumption of milk‐based specialty foods during the gr̥h praveś reflects the family's effort to deploy nourishing, familiar foods that reassert ties to their village community while also signaling aspirations to prosperity and a modern, cosmopolitan identity. Moments of ritual excess extend overflowing hospitality to guests human and divine, providing material proof of the family's unity and ambitions. [urban migration, feasting, house construction, ritual, kinship]

A Study of the Public Safety Policy on Vehicle's Operation of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games

평창동계올림픽 대회기간 중에 일시적으로 교통량이 가중되고, 선수단과 관계자의 수송차량들이 집중되어, 교통 혼잡과 사고의 위험성이 커진다. 또한, 테러 등의 공격에 대비하여 선수단 전용도로를 선정하여 일반 차량의 통행을 규제하는 등의 공공안전 대책마련이 필요하다. 본 논문의 목적은 2018 평창동계올림픽 대회기간 집중되는 교통여건을 전망하고 분석하여 경찰행정 측면에서, 교통수요의 분산 및 조정대책, 교통통제에 관한 방안을 제시하여, 차량통행의 공공안전을 도모하기 위함이다. 또한, 선수단 보호와 테러방지를 위해 올림픽조직위에서 추진하고자 하는 올림픽전용도로 및 교통통제구간 지정에 따른 대체 우회도로를 지정하여, 운전자의 범죄 심리를 사전에 차단하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 논문에서 교통통제 구간과 차량 2부제 단속과 미준수 예방을 위한 경찰, 공무원, 유급 교통관리 요원 인력배치와 효율적 운영에 대해 검토할 것이다. 또한, 올림픽 기간 중 관광객 추가 유입에 따른 택시부족이 예상되며, 사업구역 폐지 후 각 지역의 부제로 쉬는 택시차량들만 개최지로 차출하며, 택시 조합 등의 연합체에서 한시적 사업구역 해제 동의나, 시민 단체를 통해 지역 내 자가용 승용차의 한시적 유상허가를 시행하며, 이에 대한 부정행위를 철저히 단속해야 할 필요가 있다. 또한, 제설시 적절한 교통통제와 시민과 운송사업자의 준법정신이 올림픽 차량통 행의 공공안전을 보장해 줄 것으로 판단된다.During the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games, the traffic volume will increase temporarily, increasing the risk of traffic congestion and accidents. In addition, it is necessary to prepare measures for public safety. The purpose of this paper is to forecast and to analyze traffic conditions concentrated during the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games, to propose measures for dispersion and adjustment of traffic demand and traffic control, and to promote public safety of vehicle traffic. In addition, the Olympic Organizing Committee will designate alternate bypass roads to be designated by the Olympic Games Roads and Traffic Control Areas for the protection of the athletes and the prevention of terrorism.

Recommended lines of Kashubian Lakeland landscape management in the light of their quarter-century transformation in the vicinity of Gdańsk agglomeration

Planning of spatial development in suburban areas requires considering natural and landscape criteria. In the studied transect Gdansk - Kartuzy (189 km 2 ), which has undergone a dynamic development of build-up area, in the last quarter of a century, we carried out analysis and assessment of urban sprawl in the years 1987-2012 and its relationship with the features of the terrain as well as the degradation of visual landscape values – based on a broad set of numerical spatial data. There is a little negative correlation of the frequency of the built environment with relative heights and a positive with intensity degradation of visual landscape values. Within the given period, the increase in built-up area amounted to 137% and this trend may continue, in the light of the findings of the studies on conditions and directions of spatial development of municipalities. The latest development, to a small extent, interferes with elements of ecological networks: patches and corridors, however, the planned investments, especially metropolitan bypass road, can reduce the efficiency of the functioning of the ecological corridor of the Radunia valley. In order to present recommendations in the scope of the landscape management and protection, the area was divided into 12 zone types, which were assigned with different spatial policies. The largest of them include large forest complexes (A), farmland dominated by fields (D), multi-functional rural settlements (F) and suburban areas (G).

The Landscapes of Early Automobile Registration and Licensing Laws: Creating New Jersey’s Department of Motor Vehicles, 1903 to 1957

The offices and facilities of New Jersey’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) are mundane boxes of concrete, glass, linoleum, and fluorescent lights, and yet they have a backstory to tell about the slow incorporation of the automobile into everyday American life at the turn of the twentieth century. Urban historians and geographers have attended to the development of everything from asphalt to stop signs, gas stations to automobile dealerships, motels to restaurants, bypass roads to the federal highway system, but not the government offices and facilities developed to service automobile regulation. The goal of this article is to detail the creation and evolution of DMV offices and facilities in the state of New Jersey, between 1903 and 1957: why they took the form they did and how they changed over time. These landscapes, perceived today as utterly ordinary and banal, are the tangible, physical expression of how people in the early 1900s struggled to live safely and fairly with the automobile.

Planning under a colonial regime in Palestine: Counter planning/decolonizing the West Bank

After the Oslo Peace Accords (1994), the West Bank, Palestine was divided into three zones as an interim agreement for establishing a Palestinian State, where Israeli control would end on the occupied region within 5 years. These zones: Zone A, under full Palestinian control, Zone B under joint control of Israeli and Palestinian authority and zone C which covers more than 60% of the West Bank area and which Israel has full control over security, planning, land administration, and construction. Most of the zone is designated for Israeli military uses, settlements and bypass roads. Palestinian communities in this zone suffer from significant shortages on different levels, among which is urban/rural planning and development.Planning in this zone is completely controlled by Israeli authority and has resulted in segregation and enclaving of the Palestinian communities. In Zone C, Palestinian communities look like scattered islands, which is a hinderance to any attempts to manage, develop or serve.This study aims at investigating planning policies in zone C, case studies for selected communities were chosen and examined to find out whether there were attempts by the Palestinians to counter Israeli planning in the assigned zone.From the cases, it is clear that there are some Palestinian attempts to counter Israeli plans, but they failed. It is concluded that planning in zone C is fully under control of the colonial power, no Palestinian plan proposal has been approved.

Is it bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome induced by small intestinal bacteria overgrowth?

IntroductionBowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome is rare systemic diseases characterized by a prodrome of fever, chills, and influenza-like symptoms with subsequent skin eruptions, myalgias, and polyarthralgias. It is reported to be occurred in Intestinal bypass surgery and inflammatory bowel disease.Case descriptionHerein, we described a 29-years-old man with Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome. He had no history of gastrointestinal surgery and inflammatory bowel disease. Distribution of the gut bacterial flora showed small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Discussion and EvaluationIt is rarely form as Non-intestinal bypass road and non-inflammatory bowel disease was induced by small intestinal bacteria overgrowth.ConclusionsWe concluded that Immuno-inflammatory response to overgrowth of intestinal bacterial antigen induce the clinical symptoms of bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome.

Operational problems of 2+1 bypass road sections

The paper presents several problems of designing trunk-road bypasses of towns, which can be very helpful in improving their traffic performance. Such roads perform supplementary functions to the operation of network of motorways and express-roads constructed in Poland over the last decade. These problems include: selection of the cross section, selection and design of intersections and interchanges on bypasses, safety and traffic operation problems. The authors highlight the advantages of bypasses and point out some errors, which can be seen in the operation stage, basing on research and observation of 8 bypasses. In the paper traffic operation and road safety analyses for Zyrardow bypass are presented. The final part of the paper gives conclusions and recommendations for 2+1 bypass use and design.

ANALYSIS OF ROAD ACCIDENT IN HISAR TEHSIL

Accidents are caused not due to the natural process but by self disastrous mistakes. In Hisar total road length is 2221 kms from which NH65 and NH10 passes through. Vehicle crashes are a major concern in rapidly growing urban agglomerations. The aim of the work described in thesis was to obtain a greater understanding of the problem of road accidents in Hisar. The social importance of road accidents in this city were identified by comparing deaths from road accidents with deaths from diseases thought to be of concern. A detailed study was made of road accidents in Hisar. Factors that might be contributory to the high accident rates are that Hisar is coming under developing cities were studied and due to the increasing of motor vehicle population, the accidents come more. From the study till, it can be accomplished that these Highways segment requires enhancement from protection point of analysis. A huge amount of accidents have been taking place over such an area of HisarSirsa road and Hisar-Delhi Bypass road mainly. Appropriate traffic management and organize coordination to conduct road users ensuring secure progress of vehicles has been suggested & several of the amenities such as walker crossings and openings of medians, Acceleration-Deceleration tracks were redesigned in regulate to recover the protection of the road and decrease the accidents.

Piled Embankment or a Traditional Sand Construction: How to Decide? A Case Study

A 3.5 km bypass road was constructed around the village Reeuwijk in the Netherlands on very soft and compressible soil. Two construction methods were considered: (i) a traditional solution using a sand embankment, vertical drainage and a temporary surcharge load and (ii) a basal reinforced piled embankment. This paper describes the decision process to select the best construction method. The process included considering the design, the performance, the whole life costs and the risks of each of the considered construction types.It was concluded that the whole life costs were comparable for both construction types: the piled embankments and the traditional sand solution using vertical drainage and temporary surcharge load. However, the risks were much smaller for the piled embankment. In particular, excessive post-construction settlements of the traditional solution were considered to be a major risk. Therefore, the principal chose for a piled embankment. The road was opened in January 2016.

Challenges to Design of the North Bypass Road of Shanghai and Innovative Technology

With the increasing urbanization of China, more and more different types of underground roads have been completed or are under construction across Chinese cities and their scale keeps increasing too. The North Bypass Road of Shanghai, currently under construction, is the largest-scale underground urban road in China. Considering its location in the downtown area with a high concentration of buildings and population and the existence of numerous construction restrictions, its design and construction face enormous challenges. As such, a series of new and innovative technologies have been developed and applied in the planning and design which represent the highest level in the construction of underground roads in China today. This thesis focuses on such challenges and new technologies encountered and applied in the design of Shanghai North Bypass Road with an aim to provide reference to the construction of other underground roads in the downtown area.

Low-carbon innovation policy with the use of biorenewables in the transport sector until 2030

The topic of the present study deals with the changes and future trends of the European Union’s climate policy. In addition, it studies the manner in which Hungary’s transport sector contributes to the success of the above. The general opinion of Hungarian climate policy is that the country has no need of any substantial climate policy measures, since it will be able to reach its emission reduction targets anyway. This is mostly true, because the basis year for the long term goals is around the middle/end of the 1980’s, when Hungary’s pollution indices were entirely different than today due to former large-scale industrial production. With the termination of these inefficient energy systems, Hungary has basically been “performing well” since the change in political system without taking any specific steps in the interest of doing so. The analysis of the commitments for the 2020-2030 climate policy planning period, which defined emissions commitments compared to 2005 GHG emissions levels, has also garnered similar political reactions in recent years. Thus, it is not the issue of decreasing GHG emissions but the degree to which possible emissions can be increased stemming from the conditions and characteristics of economic growth that is important from the aspect of economic policy. In 2005, the Hungarian transport sector’s emissions amounted to 11 million tons, which is equal to 1.2% of total EU emissions, meaning it does not significantly influence total transport emissions. However, the stakes are still high for developing a low GHG emission transport system, since that will decide whether Hungary can avoid those negative development tendencies that have plagued the majority of Western European transport systems. Can Budapest avoid the scourge of perpetual smog and traffic jams? Can it avert the immeasurable accumulation of externalities on the capital city’s public bypass roads caused by having road transport conduct goods shipping?
 JEL classification: Q58

Exploring the Planning Design Opportunities for Road Transportation Network of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India

The transportation system in Kanyakumari District has met the grim situation over the years due to numerous parameters like increasing population, increasing economic activity, increasing vehicular population, negligence from the administrative officials, unethical practices of the locals, etc.; led it to a pathetic condition, especially on National Highway-47. However, to simplify the situation, the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI), Government of India is taking up the effort for developing the new bypass road to the existing NH-47 by diverting form selected few junctions. Unfortunately, this partial solution for the existing NH-47 will give birth to numerous other physical, socio-economic, and ecological problems. The objectives of this study is to identify the possible causes of the inadequacies in prevailing transportation network of Kanyakumari District and put forward logical, scientific and economical conceptual level solutions for the betterment of road users and people of the district. In order to revamp the present dreadful condition, the authors have worked out some simple remedial measures as a solution by conducting exhaustive observation survey, analytical work, discussions with experts and the locals, etc. It includes assessing the prevailing conditions of transportation system in the district, proposing planning design options for rectifying the short comings of the transportation network of the district, conceptualization of the standard flyover design for the NH-47 and ring roads for selected towns of high importance. Further, the paper concludes with plausible and executable recommendations. It is recommended that, in the light of these findings of opportunities and possibilities, the administrative authorities and officials of Kanyakumari district might look into rejuvenating the road transportation scenario of the district.

Characterizing heavy metal build-up on urban road surfaces: Implication for stormwater reuse

Stormwater reuse is increasingly popular in the worldwide. In terms of urban road stormwater, it commonly contains toxic pollutants such as heavy metals, which could undermine the reuse safety. The research study investigated heavy metal build-up characteristics on urban roads in a typical megacity of South China. The research outcomes show the high variability in heavy metal build-up loads among different urban road sites. The degree of traffic congestion and road surface roughness was found to exert a more significant influence on heavy metal build-up rather than traffic volume. Due to relatively higher heavy metal loads, stormwater from roads with more congested traffic conditions or rougher surfaces might be suitable for low-water-quality required activities while the stormwater from by-pass road sections could be appropriate for relatively high-water-quality required purposes since the stormwater could be relatively less polluted. Based on the research outcomes, a decision-making process for heavy metals based urban road stormwater reuse was proposed. The new finding highlights the importance to undertaking a “fit-for-purpose” road stormwater reuse strategy. Additionally, the research results can also contribute to enhancing stormwater reuse safety.

Effect of 30years of road traffic abandonment on epiphytic moss diversity.

Road traffic emits a cocktail of pollutants that can influence the vegetation and plant diversity in neighboring areas. However, the recovery potential of bryophytes after traffic abandonment is still little explored. In addition, the effects of the main pollutants of road verges, such as metals and salinity, on moss flora need to be investigated. In our study, we compared the moss richness and diversity in two closely related veteran tree allees of high conservation importance. The allees in Gryżów and Lubrza, Poland, were chosen because of their similarity in age, geographical location, type of surrounding areas, and tree species. The only difference was that the trees in Gryżów had not been exposed to direct road pollution for almost 30 years. The moss richness and diversity differed significantly between the sites. Altogether, 20 moss species were recorded on 229 trees, 17 species in Gryżów (abandoned road), and 13 in Lubrza (busy road). We found considerable differences between moss cover on the road-facing and opposite sides of tree trunks. In Lubrza, mosses on the road-facing side were very scarce. The moss cover in Gryżów was highly balanced between trunk sides as well as among trunk heights. Typical epiphytic species such as Bryum moravicum, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Leskea polycarpa, and Orthodicranum tauricum preferred the Gryżów tree stands, where they were present in numbers almost twice as high as that at Lubrza. The study shows that constructing a bypass road could be an effective conservation measure for veteran tree protection with their epiphytic moss flora.

Selected aspects of multicriteria analysis in the design of bypass roads

The multicriteria analysis is a method of supporting the decision process in a situation where there are many road alignment variants analyzed. The paper presents two examples of choosing the most beneficial variant for bypassing a town, located in the course of regional roads. The analysis was conducted basing on normalization methods by Van Delft and Nijkamp, Weitendorf, Peldschus and the weight of the considered criteria. The considered criteria describing the analyzed variants are usually expressed in different units. The use of normalization is necessary to achieve the comparability of the criteria.

Roads of Hope and Dislocation: Infrastructure and the Remaking of Territory at a Central Asian Border

SUMMARY: In contemporary Kyrgyzstan, where until the late 2000s the only asphalt road in the southwest of the country ran across the borders of neighboring Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, the construction of “bypass roads” that create loops around the territory of the neighboring state have become crucial to the imagination and material articulation of territorial integrity. In a region where large tracts of the border await conclusive delimitation, the construction of bypass roads has also proved to be politically contentious. Drawing on ethnographic research in a region of recent and prospective road construction, this article considers the ambiguous affects elicited by new road infrastructures in a region characterized, since the 1930s, by land exchanges and repeated attempts at territorial re-delimitation. Drawing together debates about infrastructural “enchantment” with recent work on the affective potentials of place, the article explores how past projects of spatial transformation haunt new initiatives to transform landscapes. It considers how the multiplicity of political projects layered on the landscape generates the affective qualities of the prospective road as a space, at once, of hope and of dislocation. До конца 2000-х гг. единственная асфальтированная дорога на юго-востоке Киргизстана проходила через границы соседних государств Таджикистана и Узбекистана. Начавшееся в 2000-х строительство объездных дорог, которые бы огибали территорию соседних госу-дарств, стало критическим моментом формирования воображения и материальным выражением территориальной целостности. Более того, в регионе, где значительные участки границы все еще нуждаются в окончательной делимитации, строительство объездных дорог оказа-лось политически взрывоопасным предприятием. Статья Мадлен Ривз представляет результаты этнографического исследования в регионе начавшегося и планирующегося дорожного строительства. Автора ин-тересует неоднозначное воздействие дорожного проекта в крае, который с 1930-х гг. характеризовался земельными обменами и постоянными попытками территориального передела. В свете дискуссий об “очаро-вании” инфраструктуры и новых работ об аффективном потенциале места Ривз рассматривает, как прошлые проекты пространственной трансформации сдерживают нынешние инициативы переопределения пространства и как наслоение политических проектов на ландшафт формирует аффективные свойства планирующейся трассы как одно-временно пространства надежды и дислокации.

METHOD FOR INVENTORYING CO EMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRAFFIC IN URBAN AREAS THROUGH TRANSPORT MODELING

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas obtained both from natural sources (bush fires, volcanic emissions and electric discharges) and by anthropogenic processes (incomplete combustion of fossil fuels). Together with particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, it is part of the air pollutants associated with the transport sector, which have a negative impact on human health, animals and vegetation. In this paper the authors propose a methodology for assessing CO emissions from road traffic in urban areas, created by harmonization between a traffic estimation model, which takes into account the land use functions and the user behavior, and a CO emissions estimation model, which takes into consideration the average travel speed and the engine type of each motor vehicle from the traffic flow. Within the case study in which this methodology is applied we have estimated a reduction in the CO emissions produced by road traffic in the city of Pitesti, as a result of the fact that the existing road network was completed with a bypass road. It is highlighted that for the internal network of the city, in the peak traffic interval in the morning, the level of emissions in the atmosphere is 30% lower than in the case in which the transit traffic would use the urban network instead of the bypass road. The presented methodology is a very useful tool in quantifying the environmental impact produced by road traffic, specific to different situations of land use and transport networks.

Modeling Effects of Climate Change on Air Quality and Population Exposure in Urban Planning Scenarios

We employ a nested system of global and regional climate models, linked to regional and urban air quality chemical transport models utilizing detailed inventories of present and future emissions, to study the relative impact of climate change and changing air pollutant emissions on air quality and population exposure in Stockholm, Sweden. We show that climate change only marginally affects air quality over the 20-year period studied. An exposure assessment reveals that the population of Stockholm can expect considerably lower NO2exposure in the future, mainly due to reduced local NOx emissions. Ozone exposure will decrease only slightly, due to a combination of increased concentrations in the city centre and decreasing concentrations in the suburban areas. The increase in ozone concentration is a consequence of decreased local NOx emissions, which reduces the titration of the long-range transported ozone. Finally, we evaluate the consequences of a planned road transit project on future air quality in Stockholm. The construction of a very large bypass road (including one of the largest motorway road tunnels in Europe) will only marginally influence total population exposure, this since the improved air quality in the city centre will be complemented by deteriorated air quality in suburban, residential areas.

The safety impact of land use changes resulting from bypass road constructions

This paper analyzes the effect of bypass construction on road safety, specifically crash rates on bypass segments and in bypassed communities. It further investigates the effect of bypass construction on those communities’ economic development through changes in the number and spatial distribution of businesses and residential development, and examines whether these changes affect the road-safety level. Finally, it evaluates the effect on road safety of various traffic arrangements implemented in such communities. Drawing on an extensive data collection, the study focuses on Arab cities in the Galilee region of Israel, using cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.The results show that bypass construction does not necessarily reduce overall crash frequencies or crash rates. It merely shifts road crashes from the highways (the bypass roads) to inner roads (bypassed) and from there to local traffic, with no significant reduction. The findings indicate a large variance in the effects of bypass constructions on safety.