Business Level Research Articles

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES IN PALESTINE

Adopting modern technology has become an important factor in developing the performance and service quality of organizations. So, we must realize that focusing on technology alone is inadequate step. This also requires a change in the administration forums and leadership styles. So, this study aims to recognize the intermediation role in the transformational leadership in the relation of digital transformation and the employee’s engagement in Palestine. The study included all the workers in digital transformation and all participants in digital transformation projects in the Palestinian ministries that have an effective role in offering the governmental services . The study included 56 male and female employees who were chosen by targeted sample way to check the study hypothesis by depending on the modulation of formative equation (SEM) by using (Smart PLS) program. The study has revealed a positive and important effect of digital transformation on the employee’s engagement and transformational leadership. According to the results, we have had some recommendations to enhance the role of the transformational leadership and merging all employees in business levels due to the digital transformation.

Market Orientation as a Comparative Advantage Tool: Ankara Province Research Example

Within the scope of the study, the Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition,theResource Advantage Theory,was explained and compared with the Neoclassical Perfect Competition Theory, which was criticized for not being applicable in today's economic conditions. The theory has been examined at the business level. The basis of the theory is that the solid andinimitable resources of the business give the business a competitive advantage in the market. To emphasize resource superiority, market orientation, a competitive tool, was used to support the theory statistically. Two hundred twenty-onebusinesses operating in Ankara with over twenty employees were selected as the research sample. The effect of market orientation on superior financial performance was analyzed by performing multiple linear regression analyses on the obtained data. As a result of the research, it was confirmed that market orientation is a source of comparative advantage, and the theory was statistically supported.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Peternak Terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Ternak Sapi Madura di Kecamatan Waru Kabupaten Pamekasan

<p><em>Waru Barat Village is a Madura cattle center located in Waru District, Pamekasan Regency. Many people have Madura cattle farming businesses, but the situation on the ground shows that Madura cattle farms are still not supported. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of farmers and the amount of income of farmers, analyze the effect of breeder characteristics on income, and analyze the feasibility level of the Madura cattle business. Sampling using purposive sampling method with a sample size of 43 respondents. The analytical method used is descriptive quantitative with multiple linear regression and R/C ratio. The results of this study are that farmers in Waru District are classified as productive age, low education level, the number of livestock ownership is two tails with around 26 years of experience and has a family of two people and a small proportion are members of farmer groups. The average income earned by farmers is Rp1,166,390 per year. The characteristic factor that has a significant effect on the income of the Madura cattle business is the number of livestock ownership. The R/C ratio is 1.04, which means that the Madura cattle business is profitable, so it can be cultivated. Efforts that can be made to increase the income of farmers are developing the Madura cattle business by increasing the number of livestock ownership through the empowerment of communal cages to reduce farming costs incurred by farmers.</em></p>

Analysis of the Digitization Level of Small and Medium Entrepresis in Tourism. Identifying the Level of Digitization of Businesses from Băile Felix, Bihor, Romania

"The topic of digital transformation in our country has had a major impact on both society and the economy, with all its sectors being a paradigm for them. At the same time, the digital transformation of our country is one of the most important components of the National Recovery and Resilience Plans. This fact is also due to the position on which Romania is ranked within the hierarchy based on the Digital Economy and Society Index (European Commission, 2021. Referring to it, we observe a less favorable position of our country, ranking 27th out of the 27 member states of the European Union (European Commision, 2022) with an annual growth lower than the other countries and less convergent. Thus, in order for the European Union to fulfill its objective of the digital decade, Romania must create the ideal context for a significant change in the pace of training and acquisition of basic digital skills. We therefore observe how the introduction of digital technology has corroborated the way tourism companies assert themselves. Digital technology has become an invaluable business tool widely used in the travel and tourism sector Lee & Wicks (2010). We are talking about an economic-social phenomenon reflected in one of the basic sectors of many nations, whose expansion was particularly pronounced in 2019, 2020, as a result of the collapse left in this industry by the COVID19 pandemic. Digital transformation represents a substantial challenge for both organizations and national economies, being a topic that has sparked interest for academic studies and researchers. Starting from this necessity and carrying out a review of the existing works on the market, it was found that there are no studies related to the digitalization level of tourism businesses in Romania. Thus, the present work evaluates, measures and quantifies the level of digitization of small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of tourism, with Băile Felix resort in Bihor county as a working sample. Keywords: digitalization, tourism, level of digitalization, small and medium entrepresis, digital tools JEL Classification: Z32, Z39"

Correlation Study of Organizational Culture with Environmental Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in East Java, Indonesia

The development of the business world today has triggered the emergence of micro, small and medium businesses that exist in the global economy and offer a variety of food and beverage products that vary based on the market. This indirectly triggers competition between business actors and has the potential to trigger environmental damage if not taken seriously. This also increases the risk of environmental damage around the business location and environmental damage throughout Indonesia. Some efforts that can be made to overcome this are by implementing organizational culture at the business level. This study aims to analyse the relationship between organizational culture and environmental performance within small and medium enterprises in East Java. The type of research used is causal research. The research sample was as many as 400 respondents who fulfilled the research criteria. For the sampling technique, probability sampling was used with a cluster random sampling approach. The variables in this study are organizational culture and environmental performance. The data collection technique used in this study was a questionnaire. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive statistics, classical assumption test, path analysis, F test and coefficient of determination test. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is no correlation between organizational culture and environmental performance in small and medium enterprises in the East Java region with a critical ratio (CR) value of 1.011 (smaller than 1,96) and a significance value (p-value) of 0,312

The significance of individual, group and future knowledge at a business level through the knowledge-based lens

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to enhance the conceptual and practical understanding of individual, group and future knowledge as perceived by company owners and managers operating in Vietnam. To date, knowledge gaps remain concerning this emerging economy, for instance, regarding the significance of knowledge management (KM) skills and innovativeness in positively affecting firms' journey. Overall, the study will add to the extant KM literature, partly address extant research gaps and develop a conceptual model. To support the study's literature foundation, the knowledge-based view framework will be considered.Design/methodology/approachAn inductive approach and multi-case study were chosen. The views of 17 individuals in leadership positions representing six companies were gathered through semi-structured, in-depth interviews.FindingsThe analysis revealed the influence of seven dimensions. First, the importance of individuals' knowledge is conceptualised by the conspicuous, approach-based and self-initiated dimensions. Second, the collective action-based and collective approach-based knowledge dimensions illuminate the importance of group knowledge. Third, the externally and internally-oriented knowledge dimensions provide guidance and understanding concerning future knowledge. The analysis also underlines the alignment between the findings and the knowledge-based view in various areas.Originality/valueThe dimensions illuminating the research have practical implications for business owners/managers, for instance, motivational and rewarding strategies that companies could consider in order to enhance or maintain a high flow of knowledge acquisition and operationalisation. Furthermore, these implications could help foster a stronger entrepreneurial culture and benefit Vietnam or other emerging economies in their development and success journey. Conceptually, a developed framework affords a richer understanding of the different facets of knowledge at a company level.

Implementasi Program GHIPPA dalam Meningkatkan Kebutuhan Irigasi Air

The government has an important role so that the implementation of the fulfillment of community food is carried out the same as the fulfillment of other rights. Therefore, efforts to fulfill community food are a serious problem in development programs, both those that have been launched by the Regional Government and the Central Government. Efforts to fulfill food by the Regional Government by realizing food availability are also carried out by the government in Java. Java Island itself is the center of rice production in Indonesia because it is able to produce the largest rice production, especially East Java Province with a total production of 12,198,707 tons. The aim of this community service is to increase socialization of the GHIPPA program to meet the water irrigation needs of the village. In order to achieve this target, the Nganjuk Regency Government has started implementing various programs to increase agricultural production. However, there is a major obstacle to increasing production, namely the availability of deep water. Therefore, the Nganjuk Regency Government is trying to overcome the availability of water. These include providing irrigation network infrastructure, Farmer Business Level Irrigation Network/Village Irrigation Network (JITUT/JIDES), Farming Business Roads, Pumping and Empowerment of the Water User Farmers Association (GHIPPA).

AD|ARC (Administrative Data| Agricultural Research Collection): Linking individual, household and farm business data for agricultural research – The challenges and opportunities of partnership working across ADR UK

ObjectivesADARC is a partnership of six government departments and three research institutions across ADR-UK aiming to build four Research Ready Datasets about farming households. A|ARC requires government data linking experts to work closely with agricultural statisticians and academics across traditional boundaries pooling a wide range of data and expertise.
 MethodsThe ADARC partnership aims to build a model of collaborative working for administrative data research. ADARC brings together those collecting data with those linking and analysing de-identified data and eventually those using results to develop future policies. The data is from several different sources at individual, household and business levels requiring new methodologies developed by this collaboration. ADARC is also working between all four ADR centres to share learning across the ADR network building relationships for future projects beyond agriculture. The linkage process has been different in all four nations but this has offered new learning for all involved.
 ResultsDue to the Covid-19 pandemic, Phase 1 of the project has been slower than hoped. However, ADARC has shown that it is possible to conduct a truly UK-wide four nation project. Data linking is underway in all four nations bringing together data on individuals, households and businesses and analysis has begun in Wales and England. The project to date has faced the usual challenges of data acquisition and data quality issues which the partnership approach has been vital for overcoming. Despite this, we’ve demonstrated that there’s a huge level of enthusiasm for working together across organisational barriers. ADARC has just been funded for Phase 2 to expand the datasets in scope and explore the feasibility of linking in spatial data.
 ConclusionADARC has created a model which demonstrates that partnership working is essential for fully achieving the objective of ADR UK of unlocking the potential of administrative data. The lessons of ADARC also provides a powerful case study for future cross-UK projects far beyond agriculture.

Rita Cloth Store: rethinking for the times

Social implications Cases currently available on business model canvas pertain to large multi-national companies. However, this case takes the happenings at a relatively small business and applies the business model canvas there. Through the case, the authors illustrate how small Indian businesses in various small towns and cities are adapting to the disruptions in their businesses. In addition, insight regarding omnichannel operations and their implementation and decision-making at the level of such small businesses is also provided. Learning outcomes The case intends to acquaint participants with the business model canvas and its application in evaluating business models, identifying shortcomings and adapting business models accordingly. The case also provides an overview of how small businesses across India are adapting to the disruptions brought about by their traditional business models. The case also provides insights into omnichannel operations and the challenges of implementation. Case overview/synopsis Small family-owned establishments/businesses today are faced with an onslaught of disruptions to their prevalent ways of doing business. This case deals with one such business, Rita Cloth Store. The case follows in the footsteps of Sampa Kar, who realises the need for re-evaluating their decades-old business and rethinks their business model to adapt to the changing times and consumer habits. She must consider a number of measures to transform Rita Cloth Store as she attempts to change the decades-old business models to ensure its survival. Complexity academic level The case can be taught in undergraduate and post-graduate courses on entrepreneurship, business models and operations strategy. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CCS 3: Entrepreneurship

THE LEVEL OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN LARGE ORGANIZATIONS IN RELATION TO: SECTOR, ACTIVITY, TYPE OF OWNERSHIP AND LEVEL OF BUSINESS

The role and importance of socially responsible business in the last few years has been recognized in various economic activities. In addition to its importance in various economic activities, corporate social responsibility plays an important role for sustainable development. The aim of the work is based on the examination of the achieved level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in large organizations in R. Serbia in relation to in relation to the sector, economic activity, type of ownership, level of business on the market. The research was conducted in the period from 2019 to 2021 on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, in which 165 large organizations participated. Statistical techniques of the Mann Whitney non-parametric test were used in the paper using a statistical program (SPSS version 25.0). By reviewing the professional and scientific literature on corporate social responsibility, also through the analysis of the obtained results, the authors proved that the hypothesis was partially confirmed between the average dimensions of CSR and by sector, economic activity, type of ownership, level of business in the market. Statistically significant differences exist in the level of corporate social responsibility in organizations in Serbia in relation to economic activity, between company headquarters, between types of companies, while there are no statistically significant differences in the level of CSR in organizations in Serbia in relation to the sector, the level of business on the market.

Resourcing actions that influenced business model adaptation during the COVID-19 crisis

Purpose: Entrepreneurs constantly face crises and resource scarcity threatening their firms’ survival. However, limited studies analyse how entrepreneurs influence business model adaptation to survive a crisis. The study uses the bricolage theory to explore how entrepreneurs’ resourcing actions influenced business model adaptation during the COVID-19 crisis in a resource-constrained environment.Design/methodology/approach: This narrative qualitative study was conducted on 12 Indian entrepreneurs in the KwaZulu-Natal province and validated by additional interviews with three Black African entrepreneurs in Gauteng province, South Africa. The themes were developed using narrative thematic analysis.Findings/results: The study reveals the resourcing actions influencing Indian entrepreneurs’ business model adaptation. These include sense-making of resource constraints, leveraging ‘self-reliant’ entrepreneurial bricolage behaviours and maximising ‘joint’ stakeholder resources. The study shows how some dimensions of effectuation influence the resourcing actions, suggesting that bricolage is not mutually exclusive from effectuation during business model adaptation because of the crisis.Practical implications: The study offers entrepreneurs practical insights on resourcing actions for business model adaptation during a crisis. The findings will help entrepreneurship development groups establish suitable interventions for entrepreneurs, assisting in preparing and managing crises.Originality/value: The study shows how the micro or individual and/or entrepreneur interacts with the macro business levels and stakeholders during business model adaptation. The study shows that entrepreneurs’ actions are significant antecedents to business model adaptation.

Performance differentials of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs: through the lens of motivation to learn and female entrepreneurial competencies

PurposeWomen entrepreneurs are often categorized and assessed for various outcomes based on their start-up motivations. It is generally assumed that entrepreneurs with opportunity motivation have better performance when compared to necessity entrepreneurs. This study aims to test these suppositions through the lens of the entrepreneur’s motivation to learn (MTL) and level of female entrepreneurial competencies (FECs), namely, business and management, entrepreneurial, human relations (HR) and personal.Design/methodology/approachData collected from 344 respondents through a survey questionnaire was analyzed using the structural equation modelling – partial least squares method using SmartPLS 4.FindingsThe findings highlight the need of recognizing the differentials between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs as they were found to influence performance and learning outcomes. Opportunity entrepreneurship was found to significantly impact both MTL and the FECs. The authors also observed that business and management skills along with HR competencies played a greater role in the firm performance.Practical implicationsThe findings demonstrate a case for specialized, tailor-made policy approaches rather than the “one size fits all” approach as evident in many government programs. As necessity entrepreneurs form a vital part of the Indian entrepreneurial ecosystem, apart from mentoring, need-based competency development programs may be looked at. Opportunity entrepreneurs may need support and encouragement through advanced skilling and uncomplicated funding options.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, empirical studies related to women-owned micro, small and medium enterprises in India establishing the relationship between start-up motivation and business performance are scarce. Even in the global context, this is one of the initial studies to examine the relationship through the lens of MTL and competencies.

Taking YTO and SF Express as Examples to Analyze the Operation Status of the Express Delivery Industry

In recent years, with the gradual prosperity of online shopping, the development of the express delivery industry has also flourished. The ensuing problem is that the market is saturated, and many express delivery companies will carve up the existing express delivery market together, so the ultimate profit of each company will be relatively meager. How an enterprise maintains its existing market size is very important. This article selects two companies, SF Express and YTO, with direct sales system and franchise system, for case analysis. In this research, the basic situation of the two enterprises is introduced, followed by a comparison of products, services and business levels of the enterprises to gain a picture of their economic benefits. The research results show that SF Express has better economic benefits and development level. It can be concluded tha at present, people not only pay attention to the price of delivery but also pay attention to the quality of goods in the process of transportation. In the future, the express delivery market will gradually be refined, but the price and service in each market will tend to be unified. If companies want to maintain the sustainable development of business, it is suggested to continue expending your own scale and learn from each other's strengths before the entire market stabilizes.

Application of Quality Inspection Data Association Rules in Measurement Terminal Based on MapReduce

To solve the problem of not being able to intuitively lock the cause of defects when processing massive quality inspection datasets with multiple batches, types, and models of measurement terminals, a MapReduce-based Apriori algorithm is proposed. After the MapReduce algorithm model calculation, the processing efficiency of the quality inspection dataset has been significantly improved. Through the multi-node calculation and analysis of the single-phase electricity meter quality inspection dataset and the application of association rule mining, reasonable suggestions were given, which improved the professional value and quality supervision level of the quality inspection business.

Education in Entrepreneurship: Systematic Review of Publications in Spanish Froml 2013 to 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze entrepreneurial education in publications made in the Spanish language of the last decade. Theoretical framework: In this sense, it has sought to systematically review various publications on entrepreneurship education as a cross-cutting theme disseminated by Latin American researchers and institutions. Design/Methodology/Approach: The same that has been possible thanks to the systematic review method according to the criteria established by the PRISMA strategy. Getting to select for the study 45 articles indexed in the Scopus database between the years 2013 to 2023. Findings: From the analysis, it stands out that the study of entrepreneurship is being deepened at an educational, business, economic and social level. And that there is in entrepreneurship education the proposal to always start from the idea of proposing a business and designing a plan. Then you should look for a support network and have a positive attitude. Research: And the existence of interest in entrepreneurship education arises due to social, business, economic and academic demand. Originality/Value: Therefore, it is concluded that entrepreneurship education by universities is due to the various needs of social, business, economic and academic interest. And likewise, it is extracted from the study that researchers and institutions seek to publicize their work on entrepreneurship education through Spanish-speaking magazines.

Towards Adoption of Generative AI in Organizational Settings

ABSTRACT As an emerging technology, Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds immense potential for application across various levels of business and management. However, current studies have not yet investigated the elements that impact the acceptance and implementation of generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, within organizational settings. To fully leverage its benefits, organizations must embrace and integrate Generative AI at a comprehensive and profound level, making it a valuable area of study. This study aims to put forth and examine the influencing factors impacting the adoption of generative AI technology by utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment framework in conjunction with the institutional theory and the diffusion of innovation theory. Data from 108 organizations in India is collected and analyzed, leading to valuable insights and implications that contribute to a deeper understanding of the key determinants of generative AI adoption. The study digs out valuable knowledge for organizations looking to embrace this technology.

CSR initiatives and stakeholder engagement amidst COVID-19 pandemic: insights using content analysis and literature review

PurposeThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted all economies, businesses and societies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and present a case for corporate social responsibility (CSR) in terms of its relevance amidst the turmoil caused by the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a directed content analysis approach to retrieve relevant information from news articles using Thomson Reuters’ Eikon® and Bloomberg® databases. Based on stakeholder theory, the authors evaluate some of the CSR initiatives undertaken by organizations around the world. The authors then undertake a systematic literature review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses standard to provide possible implications for organizations.FindingsThe findings suggest that in response to the pandemic, corporations from both developed and developing countries have been pursuing CSR measures for stakeholder engagement. The systematic literature review signals positive outcomes that companies might expect at the organizational level. The paper concludes by suggesting research propositions that indicate effective CSR at a time of crisis like COVID-19 encourages stakeholder partnerships and helps to gain a competitive advantage.Originality/valueThe authors present an overview of the CSR responses taken by firms globally in response to the pandemic by way of stakeholder engagement. The authors analyze the stakeholders targeted through such initiatives and report possible implications based on the extant literature. The findings of the study can be used to understand the various transitions that happen in an unprecedented situation like COVID-19 at all levels of business and society.

Application of Marketing Mix in Rental Company (Case Study of Pt. Asialog)

Since the change into new century, United nations has promoting several urgent matters for improving humanity as whole. One of the point is the severance of climate change, in which affecting all daily activities including business. The matter has force government to enforce more strict regulation for reducing the cause of climate change, one of the main cause is the reducing of planet earth’s green area. Therefore, it affecting all business operation of forest company. In addition, the matter becoming much worst due to massive illegal logging and other acts of reducing forest without responsibilities to mend the damage. The affected companies including PT. ASIALOG are experiencing in lower revenue, this circumstance push the company to finding alternative business opportunity. It author goal to formulating marketing strategy with finding strong alternative product for the company. nevertheless, there are several critical points to address, the company declare specific request for the alternative business limited to current company’s area of operation. Second, the alternative business should based on company’s tugboat and barge assets. In this research, the method author used is qualitative research through structured interviews with various stakeholders in the industry and framework used is marketing mix 7Ps with preliminary framework of STP (Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning). The main point is compare target market of current PT. ASIALOG with alternative business of tugboat and barge using Porter’s five forces template. Following the study, author find alternative business of tugboat and barge for PT ASIALOG is competitive sound and profitable in long term. Based on Porter’s five forces analysis, aspects with high threat level of current business is 21 compare to alternative business of tugboat and barge with 5 aspects. Following the target market analysis, author purposing brand positioning using brand concept image management. The brand image divide into two aspects of functional and symbolic to formulating marketing strategy using marketing mix 7Ps. Overall, author conclude that the alternative business for PT. ASIALOG is competitive and profitable in long term.

Crowdfunding Platform Analysis: A Perspective from Digital Marketing (A Case of Selfless School, Jakarta)

This study aims to cover the business process area of Selfless School to analyze the problems of the difficulty to enter an existing market with strong competition. For this reason, this study provides several solutions in the form of frameworks and analysis that can be used by Selfless School. There will be several sections which are methods of data collection and marketing analysis: secondary data regarding the amount of investment, cash flow projection, and also the start-up projection in the range of 5 years. Being a new established start-up in a competitive market, Selfless School needs to appeal to a unique image and create different value from other competitors. This study provides analysis from the beginning and the current progress that cause slow profitability by using several marketing analysis methods such as blue ocean strategy, lean start-up strategy and business level strategy.

MANAGEMENT CONTROL IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF PRIVATE COMPANIES AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS

The essence of economic security as an object of management is revealed, as the one consisting in protection from external and internal threats, the presence of competitive advantages due to the correspondence of the material, financial, personnel, technical and technological potentials and the organizational structure of the organization to its strategic goals and objectives. The differences and common features of the concept of economic security and the corresponding management control together with its tools at the business level (micro level) and the level of public administration institutions (macro level) are considered.