Business Interests Research Articles

Who drives the green shift? EV and battery policymaking and systemic marginalisation of auto suppliers in South Korea

The swift global transition to electric vehicles (EV) and batteries in the automotive industry highlights the nature of governments’ efforts towards a green economy, marking a transition from environmental regulations to industrial policies. This shift has led to renewed interest in industrial policies, especially in East Asian developmental states, like South Korea. The EV and battery industries in South Korea have grown rapidly along with the government's efforts to mobilise the entire economy through aggressive green industrial policy, particularly during the Lee Myung-bak administration (2008–2012). Big Korean automobile and electronics manufacturers have participated directly in setting the country's industrial agenda, leading the green industrial policy with their business interests. However, the process of EV and battery policymaking also marginalized auto suppliers in the existing manufacturing sector from agenda setting. Focusing on business’ structural power, this paper explains how big business elites systematically alienate small and medium-sized suppliers from the new growth policy thanks to their strong information monopoly in the hierarchical structure of production in the automobile industry and EV policies in South Korea.

What investors want from whom: international organizations and the International Association for the Promotion and the Protection of Private Foreign Investments (APPI) 1958–1974

Abstract Using archival material from states, international organizations, and business actors, this paper explores how the Association for the Promotion and Protection of Private Foreign Investments (APPI), a transnational business interest association (BIA), liaised with different international institutions to lobby for better foreign investment protection. We zoom in on the United Nations, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the World Bank to examine how APPI influenced the global institutional landscape during its heydays from 1958 until 1974. We show that business actors, particularly oil and banking corporations, created APPI as a nimble, efficient alliance that could move faster than existing BIAs. We further demonstrate how companies “forum shop” between different BIAs, and how APPI injected its ideas into the policymaking process, using the framework of the three faces of power. By shedding light on the role private business actors played in foreign investor protection, the paper contributes to a better understanding of the emergence of global economic governance in the second half of the 20th century.

The Synergy of Financial Innovation, Corporate Social Responsibility, and HRM Morale: A Systematic Review on Their Impact on Firm Image and Business Interest

This study aims to explore the synergy between financial innovation, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and Human Resource Management (HRM) morale, focusing on their collective impact on firm image and business interest. Utilizing a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, this research synthesizes findings from recent empirical studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these elements interact to create a sustainable competitive advantage. The systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines to ensure rigor and transparency in identifying, selecting, and analyzing relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that financial innovation, particularly through fintech and blockchain technologies, enhances operational efficiency and aligns with broader societal goals through sustainable finance practices. CSR is shown to significantly improve firm image by fostering trust and loyalty among stakeholders, while HRM morale is identified as a critical factor in enhancing organizational resilience, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The most significant finding is the synergistic relationship between financial innovation, CSR, and HRM morale, which collectively contribute to a sustainable competitive advantage that enhances firm performance and stakeholder engagement. The study concludes that integrating these elements into a cohesive strategy is essential for firms seeking long-term success in the modern business environment. The implications are significant for both theory and practice, offering a novel framework for future research and practical guidance for managers.

The Contemporary Position of Socially Responsible Marketing – The Past and Present

Many factors drive companies to pursue higher levels of CSR, including changes in employee and customer needs, management and government pressure, business interests in relational models, and compliance with supply chain processes. The foundation of business knowledge as business ethics includes compliance with legal and ecological principles. Businesses should ensure that all employees understand and comply with applicable laws. Businesses should implement and publish a written policy to promote a culture of ethical behaviour within the organisation and to hold employees accountable for legal and ethical compliance. By using these strategies or similar strategies, companies can create opportunities to reduce current and future expenses, increase competitiveness and market performance, and improve results. In today›s business world, ecological concepts are increasingly used in the market as a necessary prerequisite for developing competitive advantage and brand awareness. Business strategies and the need to create products and services that meet customer needs have had a significant impact on the evolution of environmental awareness. This article focuses on the current state and development of the business sector.

ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA S1 MANAJEMEN FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS MATARAM

An important component of a country's economic success is entrepreneurship. Therefore, the government tries to encourage people to start their own businesses by offering loans, support, and entrepreneurship education. This study is very important to conduct because knowing the entrepreneurial interest of students and the factors that influence it can be a source of reference and can contribute to the development of studies on entrepreneurship which is very important to be encouraged today. The purpose of this study is to improve the teaching of entrepreneurship, and it may be useful for faculties to explore expanding the reach of programs that encourage students to pursue entrepreneurial endeavors. This study employed the associative quantitative technique. The study's sample comprised 92 participants who had completed an introductory course on entrepreneurship at the University of Mataram Faculty of Economics and Business. Everybody there was a student in the program for management studies. The study's conclusions suggest that entrepreneurship education influences people's aspirations to launch their own companies. Personality has no bearing on one's ambition to start their own business. Motivation influences a person's interest in starting their own business. The home environment influences a person's interest in business. Both the social milieu and the aspiration to pursue entrepreneurship bear significance.

Klasifikasi Data Mining Prediksi Penjualan dengan Metode Appriori

Abstract Databases stored on storage media are rarely used by most of their users and even within a certain period of time the data is deleted because it is considered trash and only fills up the storage media. This assumption is not entirely true, because in fact a large database can provide the information needed for various interests, both for business interests in making decisions and for science and research. The development of information and communication technology in this era often called the millennial, information and communication technology is also increasingly advanced and developing and cannot be avoided. Where the development and progress of information and communication technology is growing very rapidly, such as the need for data processing which is increasing every day and if left alone, the data will be useless. By using the Text Mining technique, the classification method, a sentiment will be known to be positive, neutral or negative. One of the algorithms widely used in sentiment analysis is the Naïve Bayes classification method. This study uses the Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method with tf-idf weighting accompanied by the addition of an emotion icon conversion feature (emoticon) to determine the existing sentiment class from tweets about Agu Ate Store. The results of the study show that the Naïve Bayes method without additional features is able to classify sentiment with an accuracy value of 96.44%, while if the tf-idf weighting feature is added along with the emotion icon conversion, the accuracy value can be increased to 98%.

Understanding Attendees’ Feedback and Outcomes from the Diploma in Agricultural Extension Services for Input Dealers (DAESI) Training Programme

Input dealers serve as a key source of agricultural information for farmers at the village level, functioning as a one-stop shop. Therefore, they need to be well-versed in location-specific crop production technologies related to broad-based agriculture and proficient in managing agricultural inputs. This expertise ensures they can offer accurate advice to farmers dealing with field issues. In this context, MANAGE introduced the Diploma in Agricultural Extension Services for Input Dealers (DAESI), a significant national program by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. This program aims to train agri-input dealers across the country, equipping them to serve as para extension workers and provide farmers with reliable technical knowledge. Ex-post facto cause to effect research design has been followed for the present study. This empirical study on the attendees’ perception and experiences of DAESI programme showcases not only their socio-economic profile of the input dealers undergoing training but also their insights on training programme package (satisfactorily good as a whole); their feedback on resource material and mode of delivery (suitable); their outlook of the facilitator of the programme (cooperative and favourable) as well as their experience regarding the activities performed during the training (satisfactory); and lastly the attendees’ perception regarding the objective to attend the DAESI Training Programme (amongst which majority of them attended the programme to either obtain certificate or to become a para-extension worker).The DAESI program is a trailblazing way that offers participants, who lack formal agricultural qualifications, a chance to acquire agricultural knowledge. Obtaining the diploma is a compulsory step for renewing their licenses, which drives many, particularly those with business interests, to enroll in the DAESI program. To enhance the DAESI training program, updating cost norms, incorporating digital learning, introducing refresher courses, tailoring the curriculum to local needs, strengthening public-private partnerships, increasing practical exposure, and promoting gender inclusivity could be followed.

A Social Constructionist Critique of Genetic Determinism

ABSTRACTRecently genetic determinist claims have reappeared in the explanation of human psychology and to some extent they even made their way into explanations of social phenomena. In this article, I will provide a critical analysis of the genetic determinist discourse from a social constructionist perspective. First, I will examine the meaning of genetic determinism. Then I will shortly introduce the social constructionist perspective generally and it's relevance for analyzing scientific discourses. Next, I will examine the debates about genetic determinism in behavior genetics and sociogenomics and interpret these critically from a social constructionist and deconstructionist perspective. Finally, I will provide an analysis of the main social, ideological, cultural and economic factors that influence the development of genetic determinist ideas: modernity, the legitimation of social hierarchies, neoliberalism and business interests. My conclusion is that the social constructionist perspective is important in the analysis and critique of the genetic determinist discourse.

The Impact Of Consumer Environmental Consciousness On Hotel Consumption Intention: A Case Study Of Democratic Republic Of Congo Consumers

The rising interest in "green" hotels is indicative of a broader trend toward eco-consciousness in the hospitality sector. Environmental concerns are currently capturing the interest of Congo's academics, businesses, and governments. Sustainable development is seen to necessitate this. The study looked at how buyers' beliefs, realistic objectives, money, and the hotel's responsibility affected their propensity to spend more for eco-friendly hotels. The purpose of this research was to identify the factors (such as consumer awareness, environmental control policies, and consumer behavior and preferences) that affect the amount that guests are prepared to pay for environmentally friendly hotel rooms. The investigation, which took place in the DRC, used a quantitative approach by analyzing data obtained from 700 hotel visitors using regression analysis. This study contributes to the literature on sustainable tourism by shedding light on the variables that influence financial backing for environmentally conscious hotel projects. It also lays the groundwork for further research, especially in understudied areas like the DRC. There was a strong correlation between environmental consciousness and the results showing that consumers' perceptions of their own efficacy significantly impacted their norms and intentions to do positively. There was a negative moderating effect of perceived price, an external cost, on the link between consumers' behavioral intentions and their personal norms

AI and the Surprising Key to Adopting a 4-Day Workweek

Abstract: This article examines how artificial intelligence can facilitate organizations' adoption of four-day workweeks at scale by addressing concerns over costs and maintaining operations. Research finds four-day models improve employee well-being, satisfaction and productivity when carefully implemented. However, widescale adoption faces challenges like covering essential functions and rising expenses. The article argues AI can automate routine tasks to reduce necessary work hours, optimize workflows and resource allocation through data analytics, and distribute workloads virtually through chatbots and other technologies. Case studies across industries like healthcare, manufacturing, customer service and retail demonstrate how AI applications streamline operations in ways that boost productivity from fewer total labor hours. By intelligently mitigating logistical objections, the article concludes AI opens the door for compressed workweek schedules to spread widely in the interest of both businesses and workers.

Quality risk management and data integrity in R&D laboratories supporting CMC lifecycle of biological products

The development of pharmaceutical products is the critical bridge that moves a potential new medicine from academic discovery to applied treatment of patients. It translates an idea for a new drug to bench-level research on how it can be manufactured, formulated, characterized and controlled for use in non-clinical and early clinical trials.From pre-clinical R&D discovery work through the commercial launch, substantial R&D CMC data is generated to develop and optimize cGMP manufacturing and testing operations, while also supporting product comparability, elucidating product / impurity structures, assessing critical quality attributes, developing the drug delivery mode, and developing the product formulation for long-term stability. Significant R&D CMC work continues post-approval to support continuous improvement and market expansion of the commercial product. These activities are crucial elements of Product Lifecycle Management, and taken together, they comprise Pharmaceutical Quality or Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (CMC). The objective of this paper is to mitigate the regulatory ambiguity of R&D quality systems with practical, risk-based examples and recommendations when conducting supportive CMC studies for biological products.Making sound strategic CMC decisions under any circumstances assumes data from R&D studies are reliable, traceable, and complete. While there are specific regulatory guidelines on phase-appropriate cGMP activities, none exist for quality practices in R&D CMC laboratories conducting non-cGMP studies. Hindsight is not the time to discover that R&D studies lack key elements that would otherwise have allowed the data to be directly presented to regulators, if needed. There is a strong prospective business interest in protecting considerable investments made for CMC R&D studies. Therefore, establishment of a robust and stage-appropriate R&D laboratory quality system is essential for companies seeking to capitalize on prior knowledge, protect investments, and be prepared for accelerated approval pathways.

Public opinion towards interest groups: The differential impact of ties to cause and business groups

AbstractInterest groups are often included as key actors in consultation processes, with the aim of making policy more effective, fair and representative. At the same time, their influence is frequently viewed with suspicion. This research note uses survey experiments in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States (N = 9,357) to explore how the ties citizens hold to different types of interest groups affect their perceived legitimacy of involving them in parliamentary hearings. We find that affective, behavioural and attitudinal ties shape how citizens evaluate the representation of groups, but that there are important differences between ties to different group types: ties to cause groups representing societal interests are more consequential than ties to business interests. These findings underline important heterogeneity in how different interest groups relate to their constituencies and have implications for accountability relationships between citizens and policymakers. The heightened sensitivity of citizens with ties to cause groups regarding their representation underscores the need to actively nurture and involve these groups in policy making.

The Influence of Creativity on Welfare Through Self-Efficacy in the Lake Toba Area of Samosir District

This research aims to analyze the influence of creativity, business interest and self-efficacy on community welfare in the Lake Toba area of Samosir Regency as a tourist attraction, using IBM AMOS path analysis with a sample of 200 people spread across nine sub-districts. This research uses primary data and secondary data collected using the Liskert scale and field observations. The results of the research show that creativity has a direct effect on community welfare, creativity has a direct effect as evidenced by the value (p) = 0.000 < 0.05. Self-efficacy is able to mediate creativity to improve welfare with the result t = 13.15092246 > t table (0.05; 200-4) = 1.972141. Therefore, the first, second and sixth hypotheses in this research can be accepted. Business interests have a direct influence on community welfare. This can be proven by the value (p) = 0.000 < 0.05 while business interest on self-efficacy has no effect with value (p) = 0.34 > 0.05 and self-efficacy is unable to mediate business interest to improve community welfare with calculated t value = -0.93118348 < t table (0.05; 200-4) = 1.982597 then the third hypothesis is accepted while the fourth hypothesis and the seventh hypothesis are rejected.

From ESG to holistic value addition: Rethinking sustainable investment from the lens of stakeholder theory

Stakeholder theory calls for effective stakeholder management in the interest of sustainable businesses. Whilst there is a need to redefine ‘stakeholders’, investors (i.e. shareholders) can play an essential role in bringing a paradigm shift in shaping current business practices. In recent times, the ‘Environment, Society and Governance’ (ESG) approach has emerged as an alternative form of investment for key investors seeking change. However, certain deficiencies have been identified when it comes to ESG strategies, which have led to disagreements among sustainable investors. To plug this gap and overcome this challenge, we propose an alternative framework based on sustainable business practices that holistically adds value that is inclusive of all stakeholders. To this end, we conducted semi-structured interviews with social entrepreneurs, academics, and experts from the financial services industry in an emerging country context, namely India. Based on our text analysis of interview data, we propose a ‘Holistic Value Addition’ (HVA) framework of sustainable investment that builds on value-addition by businesses towards its stakeholders. We envisage that adoption of this framework will help sustain the sustainable agenda.

Smart FOX - Enabling Citizen-Based Donation of EHR-Standardised Data for Clinical Research in Austria.

Access to healthcare data for secondary use in clinical research is often restricted due to privacy concerns or business interests, hindering comprehensive analysis across patient pathways. The Smart FOX project seeks to address this challenge by developing concepts, methods, and tools to facilitate citizen/patient-driven donations of health data for clinical research. Leveraging the groundwork, laid by the national Electronic Health Record implementation in Austria (called ELGA), Smart FOX aims to harness structured datasets from ELGA for research purposes through an opt-in approach. With funding secured from the Austrian Research Promotion Agency, the project embarks on innovative solutions encompassing governance frameworks, community engagement, and technical infrastructure. The Smart FOX consortium, comprising key stakeholders across various healthcare-associated domains, will evaluate these efforts through demonstrators focusing on clinical registries, patient-generated data, and recruitment services. The project targets to accompany the development of future data donation infrastructure while ultimately advancing clinical research efficiency and bolstering Austria's preparedness for the European Health Data Space. This paper presents the first systematic evaluation of the technical concept and proposal for the federated system architecture of the Austrian Health Data Donation Space, which is the socio-technical goal of Smart FOX.

“We can't be too saintly”: Why members of parliament in the United Kingdom are reluctant to lead by example with low-carbon behaviour

Low-carbon behaviour change from individuals is both essential for meeting climate change targets and highly politically contentious. Shifting away from activities such as flying, driving and meat eating can greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, yet political leaders have avoided introducing policies to stimulate this for fear of alienating voters and confronting political orthodoxies. This article examines low-carbon behaviour change through the novel lens of individual leadership and leading by example. Applying threories of credibility enhancing displays (CREDs) and embodied leadership, we present evidence from 19 interviews with UK members of parliament (MPs), exploring how they think leading by example may affect their credibility as democratic representatives. We find that MPs believe leading by example is important as a general principle but is problematic when it comes to low-carbon behaviour. While some MPs do deliberately model sustainable behaviours to maintain credibility as climate advocates, they tend to do this quietly for fear of negative reactions from the media, political rivals, and constituents. MPs say modelling low-carbon behaviour may be perceived as a threat to individual freedoms, such as flying for holidays, and risks disapproval from local business interests related to high-carbon activities, such as car manufacturers or the airline industry. Even pro-climate MPs tend to frame low-carbon behaviour as “extreme”, and position themselves in contrast to this extreme, thus perpetuating social and moral norms of high-carbon behaviour. We discuss how individual politicians form part of a systemic resistance to low-carbon behaviour change.

Administrative and legal forms and methods of countering violations of public interests in the activities of institutional investors

The article is devoted to the formation of scientifically based recommendations on the application of administrative and legal forms and methods of countering violations of public interests in the activities of institutional investors. The author separates the concepts of preventing violations and countering violations of public interests in the activities of institutional investors, indicating that the prevention of violations of public interests takes place when certain shortcomings or problems are identified in their work, which potentially carry a risk of violating the rights of citizen investors, but at a specific moment do not yet pose a threat of violation or are not a violation of public interests. In contrast to prevention, counteraction conditionally assumes the existence of a certain illegal action, as a result of which a situation arises when the interests of citizen-depositors and the institutional investor (his officials) do not coincide, and the private business or selfish interest of individuals begins to dominate over the public interest. According to the author, the system of countermeasures includes such forms of management activity as: issuance of normative legal acts, execution of legally significant actions, which are implemented through such methods as administrative supervision, administrative control, bringing to legal responsibility. Special laws define a number of measures that can be applied to institutional investors for violations, in particular, the suspension or cancellation of a license, the prohibition of the payment of dividends, an injunction and much more, which allows for the timely protection of public interests and the prevention of encroachment on public values, because criminal activity undermines the existing legal order of investment activities of institutional investors and in general the trust of citizen-investors in the state, in its ability to protect their values, entrusted to entities authorized by the state to preserve and multiply them.

Culture-led regeneration and the contestation of local discourses and meanings: the case of European maritime port cities

ABSTRACT Culture-led regeneration, understood as a range of policies using cultural activity as a catalyst for urban regeneration, has been widely implemented by many European cities. The interest of local businesses and politicians in these processes seems undiminished despite the various systemic crises hitting European cities. In the meantime, the ways in which culture-led regeneration and its promoters interact with, shape and manipulate local discourses and meanings have become critical for its successful implementation. Drawing upon the literature on the politics of urban development, this paper looks at how culture-led regeneration promulgates, negotiates and manipulates local discourses and meanings. It takes the example of European maritime port cities, where these processes have often served as a means to address the challenges associated with shifting meanings and practices surrounding port-city relationships. We argue that culture-led regeneration schemes operating in port cities in the twenty-first century strive to engage directly with local discourses and meanings associated with past economic activities but, in doing so, renegotiate them, producing hybridized models of regeneration that mirror and align with the agenda of culture-led urban growth coalitions.

Closing ranks: The Publishers Association in Victorian Britain and its powerful place in institutional formation

Professional associations have been explored as institutional agents and can be powerful mechanisms for instigating practices into an industry. Despite this identification there is a lack of research which delves deeper and explores the contexts that allow strategies which contribute to institutional formation; which in turn can create professional associations in the process. Through an analysis of archival letters and newspaper articles surrounding the formation of the net book agreement in the Victorian British publishing industry, this paper illustrates how individuals formed the Publishers Association to further their own causes and protect their business interests. This paper argues that the construction of the professional association was used as the vehicle for individuals with the most power in the Victorian publishing industry to instigate change.

Correlation between Administration and Business

The article notes that one of the main strategic directions of the economic policy of the state is the full support of entrepreneurial activity, the creation of the necessary legal framework for administration to ensure economic independence and equality of entrepreneurs. It indicates the leading role of administration in providing these tasks. It is argued that the administration and the state of business in the country are interconnected phenomena. The article analyzes the state of legal regulation of relations between the state and business from the theoretical and practical side. The reader’s attention is drawn to the ways of state influence on business entities in order to protect the interests of business in the country. It is noted about the special role of administrative law in achieving a balance of public (state) and private interests (business). The authors reveal in detail the permission as a method of administrative and legal regulation of entrepreneurship in the country and give legal examples, statistics, judicial practice and public opinion on this matter, as well as reveal the licensing system of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of entrepreneurship. It is noted that the merit of the legislation on administrative procedures in the legal regulation of relations between the state and business. The topic under study is consolidated by the analysis of leading scientists in the field of administrative law, the experience of leading foreign countries, as well as the results of a survey of entrepreneurs regarding the implementation of the Law on Administrative Procedures. The topic under study is consolidated by the analysis of leading scientists in the field of administrative law, the experience of leading foreign countries, as well as the results of a survey of entrepreneurs regarding the implementation of the Law on Administrative Procedures.