Business Commitment Research Articles

외식기업의 윤리적 리더십이 종사원의 관계동일시, 조직동일시, 조직몰입에 미치는 영향

외식기업의 윤리적 리더십이 종사원의 관계동일시, 조직동일시, 조직몰입에 미치는 영향

Gender effects on buyer perceptions of male and female sales representatives in China

PurposeWomen in many countries are breaking through the gender barrier and are working in positions where they have a major impact on the buying and selling activities in business-to-business relationships. A number of studies have investigated the role gender plays in driving perceptions of sales representatives in the USA, however, little research has been undertaken on this important topic in China, one of the largest and most influential countries. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine whether the gender of both the buyer and seller, affects perceptions of expertise, trust and loyalty in business relationships.Design/methodology/approachA survey instrument was developed, tested and used on individuals with purchasing responsibility in China. Confirmatory factor analysis was used in the pre-test and the final study data to develop and refine measurement instruments, assessing construct validity, identifying method effects and evaluating factor variance across groups. Independent t-tests were used to compare male and female buyers on their evaluation of sales reps.FindingsThe results indicate that the gender of the sales person does not seem to be a consideration for male buyers in evaluating reps in any of the variables tested. However, female buyers consistently give less favorable evaluations to female sales people than male sales representatives. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, this research uses a quantitative methodology in both the collection and analysis of the data. Thus, future studies may want to use a qualitative data set to gain a more in-depth understanding of the business-to-business relationships between men and women in the workplace. Also, as the study was concentrated on a relatively small number of business professionals from only one area in China, subsequently researchers should consider increasing the geographic domain where respondents are sampled, to help improve the generalizability of the results.Practical implicationsThe gender bias by female buyers found in this study has several important implications for businesses in China. Specifically, the suggests that female buyers may carry with them a “collective negative bias” against other women, in this case, female sales reps. The solution to this problem is not to avoid assigning female sales reps to female buyers, rather, it is to change the negative collective social-esteem identity preconceptions. Organizations can do this through training by making women aware of their own predisposition to unfairly evaluate women that they interact with in the workplace.Originality/valueIt has been argued that gender plays a small role in perceptions of sales representatives in buyer-seller relationships. While this seems to be true in the USA, it has not (until now) been empirically tested in China. Somewhat surprisingly, the gender differences we did uncover are not from male buyers in their assessments, but from female buyers in their evaluation of women sales representatives. This result provides some interesting insight into Chinese business relationships and how some women in positions of power are more critical of other women within their sphere of influence.

Inversión y evaluación del patrocinio deportivo en España / Investment and evaluation of sports sponsorship in Spain

El compromiso empresarial con el deporte está cada vez más presente en las decisiones gerenciales. El presente trabajo examina cómo la empresa decide la inversión y realiza la evaluación del patrocinio deportivo. Para afrontar el objetivo se ha realizado una revisión teórica, encuestas a 40 empresas españolas y un focus group. Los datos obtenidos muestran cómo la empresa rentabiliza al máximo sus acciones de patrocinio y las evalúa. Los resultados se presentan para grandes empresas y pymes, de forma que los resultados son relevantes para la comprensión del reto comunicativo que supone el patrocinio. Entre las principales conclusiones se encuentra la necesidad de evaluar el patrocinio a través de la notoriedad, la imagen y las ventas. Palabras claves: patrocinio, deporte, relaciones públicas, inversión, evaluación, comunicación Abstract The business commitment to sport, although not in a new way, is increasingly present in managerial decisions due to the great importance and relevance of this discipline in today's society, where we find ourselves leading, in many cases, the information and interests of citizens. On the other hand, public relations techniques must be increasingly sophisticated and precise, in a media environment in which it is increasingly difficult to impact the consumer in the search for their response and action. A consumer wanting to get involved in their environment and participate in companies, through their brands, which also echoes the responsibility of brands in their day to day and in the actions closest to them. Therefore, the present work examines how the company decides the investment in sponsorship and how it carries out the evaluation of sports sponsorship in its struggle to take responsibility actions that provide intangible values ​​difficult to achieve with the only use of advertising campaigns to the use. In order to meet the objective set out in this paper, a theoretical review has been carried out from the company's perspective and what the application of different disciplines means to achieve its objectives, reviewing concepts such as the activation of sponsorship and the evaluation of sponsorship. lay the foundations for a practical investigation that offers an image of what is happening nowadays with companies and sports. The theoretical revision has served to carry out a fieldwork by applying two techniques in two different and consecutive phases; On the one hand, in the first phase a quantitative technique has been used, such as the completion of a survey with a structured questionnaire, sent to more than 100 companies selected according to objective criteria, obtaining a response from 40 Spanish companies that develop sponsorship actions Within their communication strategies, both large organizations and SMEs have been included in the selection of the sample, in view of the need to review whether they act in the same way although with different investments or their behavior changes to different needs. The second phase has had a more qualitative technique such as the realization of a focus group to a group of specialists in sponsorship and advertising techniques, as well as public relations, with the aim of assessing and validating or not, the quantitative results and to be able to draw general conclusions, this has been a convenience sample in which the experience and knowledge have been sought in order to deepen in the treated topic. The data obtained shows how the company maximizes its sponsorship actions and its evaluation actions. The results are presented broken down, considering the two types of companies with which they have worked; for large companies and SMEs, so that the information is relevant for understanding the communicative challenge of sponsorship, taking into account the type of company and its objectives. Among the main conclusions is the need to evaluate sponsorship through strategic measures such as notoriety, image and, of course, sales. Keywords: Sponsorship, sports, public relations, investment, evaluation, communication

In-work poverty: reversing a trend through business commitment

PurposeThis study aims to explore whether employer action may contribute towards reducing in-work poverty. Essentially, the study examines the extent to which small firm owners accept as being among their core responsibilities the support of the working poor both from an ethical and financial perspective. It further explores the impact of employee-friendly policies to support the working poor on the organizational performance of small enterprises.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was adopted consisting of 60 responses from 30 small firm owners and 30 employees. More specifically, the study draws on the empirical data collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with the firm owners of 30 low-paying enterprises operating in Greece and 30 employees working in those firms.FindingsThe findings reveal that employer measures to reduce in-work poverty such as systematic training, travel allowance, provision of free meals and retail vouchers, bonus schemes and other indirect financial rewards do enhance overall employee well-being, which, in turn, makes employees more engaged with their work and motivate them to “go the extra mile” for their employer. As a result, organizations appear to enjoy several benefits including less absenteeism and staff turnover, reduced errors in production and increased productivity.Practical implicationsThe present analysis argues that a narrow focus by policymakers on both direct and indirect governmental measures (e.g. an increase of the minimum wage, childcare and housing support) to reduce in work-poverty could be problematic as there are employer instruments that could also have a direct and indirect impact on employee income that could be useful when thinking about how in-work poverty can best be addressed. The empirical work showed that the above-mentioned measures have the potential to bring various organizational benefits including increased staff loyalty, less absenteeism, improved customer service and increased productivity. Such findings indicate that there is a strong business case for employers to combat in-work poverty and provide “better” jobs to individuals.Originality/valueThe emphasis of research around in-work poverty has been placed predominantly on welfare state measures to support the working poor, whereas the contribution of employers has been ignored. The present study fills this knowledge gap by leading to a better understanding of whether there is a business case for employers to fight in-work poverty.

Mobile Tech: Superfood or Super Fad of Creative Business?

ABSTRACTPurpose: Creative agencies are well known for pioneering technological transformation due to its reliance on information and communication technology. Not surprisingly creative businesses are experimenting with mobile technology and increasing their investments into mobile business transformation. However, there is a lack of scholarly evidence about whether and how exactly mobile technology use facilitates or stimulates innovation practices in B-to-B firms. Is mobile technology a superfood or super fad of creative businesses? This paper aims to explore the mobile technology deployment and its role in innovation practices of creative B-to-B firms.Methodology: Innovation practices and mobile technology deployment are studied by interviewing business decision-makers from the 31 UK creative business-to-business agencies. The evolved grounded theory approach is used to analyze the interviews data as well as complimentary documents shared by interviewees.Findings: Applying a capability approach and innovation practices theoretical perspectives, this grounded theory research discovered that mobile technology is, in fact, a superfood that with the right combination of resources and capabilities delivers strategic benefits for creative B-to-B businesses. It is the interaction between mobile technology resources and mobile technology capabilities to stimulate and facilitate process and product innovation practices. Moreover, distinct three clusters of creative B-to-B firms have been identified, which demonstrate that depending on organizational commitment of creative businesses to mobile technology deployment, interaction between mobile technology resources and mobile technology capabilities can lead to both innovation practices, in particular process innovation practices only (Cluster A) and both process and product innovation practices (Clusters B and C).Practical Implications: The understanding of mobile technology deployment process that derives from this paper is particularly significant in showing creative businesses’ managers the real value in embracing mobile technology. Considering the clustering of creative agencies based on organizational commitment they have towards mobile technology deployment, this study signals that business decision-makers can deploy mobile technology to effectively manage operations or/and produce new solutions.Originality/Value/Contribution: This paper’s main theoretical contribution is in researching mobile technology deployment process using the capability approach. This study defines “mobile technology capabilities” as a firm’s unique practices employed in orchestrating mobile technology resources to create a competitive advantage. Mobile technology capabilities consist of five distinct practices that firms perform to combine and integrate mobile technology resources into organizational processes, namely learning, leading, transforming, leveraging mobile technology resources and solving problems. Moreover, this study is first to integrate conceptually innovation practices and mobile technology deployment by grounding this conceptualization in an empirical setting – creative agencies delivering advertising, marketing, digital design and digital architecture services.

Is Corporate Governance Policy a New Paradigm for Social Responsibility? A Research Agenda from Ghana

Abstract Social responsibility has received great authorial comments on making business commitments compensatory for corporate profits and/or rent-seeking in host communities. Unfortunately, that voice remains silent on the fundamental component of business responsibility and its improvement, i.e., governance policy. The paper, consequently, recommends a corporate policy for equitable and compensatory corporate citizenship in local communities. To justify the proposition, three objectives are established: proof that social responsibilities can improve with a governance policy, that authoritative policy represents a crucial change in social initiatives execution, and that policy absence incentivises implementation ineffectiveness and commitments paucity. Triangulation of interviews and survey data through SPSS analysis shows statistically significant coefficients validating the claim that corporate governance policy is an enrichment and facilitator of social responsibilities. The proposed policy framework will not only deliver competitive, scientific, objective, and excellent services but also represent a novel and future academic investigation.

Reflection of Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation: Community Engagement In Sustainability Aspects

Social responsibility is a form of business commitment to continue acting ethical, operate legally in sustainable economic development to all stakeholders and the wider community. The aim of the study was to reflect on Corporate Social Responsibility at PT. BNI regarding Community Engagement? The research approach used is a qualitative approach. The interpretive paradigm is used by researchers so that they can assist researchers in achieving the objectives in carrying out research by reflecting the CSR of PT. PTI (Persero) Tbk. The primary data source in this study was through interviews with corporate and community CSR staff and direct observation to review the implementation of the PT.BNI CSR program. While secondary data sources are annual reports and sustainability reports (CSR). Researchers use the type ofmethod content analysis guided by sustainability accounting (Sukoharsono, 2010). The results of the research on the implementation of CSR to the community through partnership and community development programs have a good impact on the welfare of the community which are examined based on 4 aspects, namely social, economic, environmental and spirituality.

Theoretical Aspects of Business Commitments in the Area of Privacy: Challenges of the Digital Age

Theoretical Aspects of Business Commitments in the Area of Privacy: Challenges of the Digital Age

Organized Screening Detects Breast Cancer for Vietnamese Women Over 40 Years Old 2017

Background and context: In the world, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer, with >1 million cases being diagnosed each year. In Vietnam, according to the cancer registry, there are 12,533 new cases of cancer in 2012 and estimated at 22,612 in 2020. However, breast cancer can be cured if a woman is diagnosed at an early stage. Current screening programs in Vietnam are mainly organized in an active way by health workers, not by the “initiative” of the women. Aim: Community awareness raising on prevention and early detection of breast cancer; breast cancer screening for 10,000 Vietnamese women, especially for high-risk women, disadvantaged women, less chance for periodic health examination; mobilize the commitment of businesses to provide screening for women´s cancer in the regular health check-ups for female employees; make it become lifestyle of women to get screened every year. Strategy/Tactics: Invited women over 40 years old to free breast cancer screening at cancer clinics/hospital in the north, central and south of Vietnam. 100% of the women were clinically examined and free breast ultrasound. Suspected women were provided mammography; in addition, ∼20 companies/businesses were aware the program and invited to join the screening. Program/Policy process: We have registered counters in hospitals that offer screening. Women who care for relatives or visit sick people can register at the counter. In addition, we have a Web site and a hotline for the reception of screening candidates. We have volunteers who were texting to remind women who have been involved in screening from previous years to continue screening this year. To facilitate the screening of women without affecting their daily work as well as those who are far away, free screening was offered on Saturday and Sunday of 4 consecutive weeks. We also went to businesses where the majority of workers are women to organize screening. We have held “Doctor´s Talk” before each screening session. We have invited cancer specialists, celebrities and patients with breast cancer who have been cured of the disease to talk about the prevention of breast cancer. Throughout the talk, 150-200 women were registered to hear the counsel. Outcomes: 10,095 women came for breast screening, with 1126 mammographies, including 50 suspected cases and 11 cases of cancer. The rate of reexamination in 2017 is 9.5% (the rate of women who have screened in 2015 is 1.7%, 2016 is 6.7%, and 1.1% in both 2015 and 2016). What was learned: After 3 years, our project for screening detection of breast cancer was examination for 32,136 Vietnamese woman; mammography for 2851 woman; detected 130 suspected cases of cancer and 25 cases identified cancer. For cancer cases, we recommended and supported them at cancer hospital. In cases of suspicion, we have followed up and reminded them to regularly visit and immediately go to hospital if there are abnormal signs.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho: a realidade dos operadores de um Call Center em Aracaju, Brasil

Nos dias atuais as organizações objetivam ser diferentes no mercado de trabalho, buscando realizar investimentos no que se refere a benefícios e planejamento de ações e programas que visem a construção de ambiente de trabalho harmônico entre as empresas e os seus colaboradores. Essas ações visam manter o funcionário motivado e comprometido com as atividades laborais, com segurança no que realiza, com excelente autoestima e com compromisso empresarial. O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral identificar os níveis de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) dos operadores de telemarketing (Call Center). Busca-se também analisar as características básicas das tarefas dos trabalhadores de telemarketing no Call Center, os níveis de QVT dos operadores de telemarketing no Call Center, especialmente quando a sua autopercepção de saúde. Metodologicamente elegeu-se o estudo de casos porque esse método de pesquisa oferece ao pesquisador uma compreensão mais profunda de um único objeto de estudo. O universo da pesquisa foi composto por 1500 funcionários, sendo que a amostra foi composta por 101 funcionários que desenvolvem suas atividades nos diversos turnos de uma empresa de Contact Center em Aracaju (SE). Conclui-se que a empresa deve investir mais na construção de politicas de valorização dos colaboradores, através do planejamento de atividades e ações que busquem ampliar a melhoria das condições de trabalho, valorização do trabalho cotidiano do colaborador e consequentemente a construção de um ambiente de trabalho mais harmônico.

Work Health and Safety in Small Business-A Pilot Study in the Australian Construction Industry

Work accidents impacts negatively on the physical, mental and social welfare of employees, increase cost of production, and make firms less competitive. The construction industry in Australia consists of 96% small business and has the fifth largest incident rates of serious injury of all industries. Nevertheless, recent statistics by the Australian Bureau of Statistics show noticeable improvement in safety performance within the construction industry compared to previous years.This descriptive pilot study attempts to verify small business contribution to this recent improvement. Ten owner managers are surveyed in order to examine their commitment to work health and safety using a 34 self-completion questionnaire. The findings show that small business owners in the construction industry take a positive approach toward work health and safety in their work environment.This study represents only a snapshot of the reality of small construction business commitment to work health and safety in Australia and can’t be generalised to a wider population, therefore further research with larger samples is required to confirm the findings of this study.

Benefits and challenges of corporate social responsibility implementations: Evidence from manufacturing sector in Malaysia

Prior studies posited that corporate social responsibility (CSR) by organizations indicates a continuum business commitment to act appropriately. CSR activities carried out would capture the issues, processes and values that companies must tackle to minimize harmful effects stemming from their activities and at the same time the company can create economic, social as well as environmental value for the society. However, not all companies would be motivated to carry out CSR activities. Thus, this study aims to examine the challenges that companies have to face in implementing CSR activities. In addition, the benefits derived from the activities are also discussed. Questionnaires were distributed to manufacturing companies registered with the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers. The results of this research project suggest that respondent companies appear to apply stakeholder approach in implementation of their CSR activities, where they value their relationship with the stakeholders and are very concerned about the stakeholders’ perceptions on their companies. The CSR activities which they implement appear to serve as a bridge to tighten these relationships. On the other hand, the cost and complexity of implementation, and time consumed to implement are among the biggest challenges to the organizations in their implementation of CSR activities.

Integrating corporate social responsibility into conservation policy. The example of business commitments to contribute to the French National Biodiversity Strategy

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is receiving an increased attention in biodiversity policy. This exploratory study analyses biodiversity-oriented corporate practices and stakeholders’ involvement in their implementation based on a content analysis of 34 business commitment plans endorsed as contributions to the French National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). A trans-sectoral typology of practices emerged from this analysis. This typology categorizes, on one hand, CSR practices that directly mitigate biodiversity loss, and on the other hand, procedural activities supporting a better integration of biodiversity issues. External stakeholders were found to be involved in more than two thirds of the CSR actions and played different roles depending if they belonged to the territorial system, the value chain or the institutional system the company. The article concludes with a number of implications for policy-makers as well as business managers and opens research avenues.

Corporate social responsibility reporting: The case of the agri-food sector

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting lies in the hands of business organizations themselves. This paper identifies and categorizes the forms of CSR that can be consistent with the most important current goals in a specific sector that touches us all- food. The investigation assesses the actual capability of agribusiness to contribute to sustainability and meet social needs and expectations, and questions whether private regulation is effective, and that societies may be better served by the government case for corporate CSR. Theories and concepts of CSR are explored, notably to identify the role of the government case. Empirical analysis concerns corporate reporting of business social commitment carried out by agri-food organizations. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) sustainability reporting guidelines are used to assess the commitment to sustainability of a sample of major agribusiness companies operating in the seed, agrochemical, food processing and retail industries. The level of comprehensive reporting of the social responsibility reports of the selected companies is appraised through a content analysis framework. The results of the study indicate a low level of comprehensive reporting. Findings recommend that state intervention should not be completely dismissed and that CSR actions and their reporting should be monitored and evaluated by independent third parties. The paper argues that soft regulation of organizations is not sufficiently comparable enough or effective. Effort is required to build new institutional frameworks able to increase the level of commitment and fairness of business to their stakeholders and to society at large.

Useful information for stakeholder engagement: A multivariate proposal of an Industrial Corporate Social Responsibility Practices Index

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to create an industrial corporate social responsibility practices index (ICSRPI) that allows us to determine the level of sustainable business commitment in the main industries. The ICSRPI allows simplification and quantification of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices; identification of those industries which present greater deficiencies in sustainability systems to facilitate the planning of various improvement actions; and provision of pertinent information on environmental and social issues to guide stakeholders in their decision‐making processes. In this sense, empirically, the ICSRPI reveals that companies from more polluting sectors, such as oil and gas, chemical, paper or mining, are perceived as having high environmental risk and are the leaders in sustainable development. Companies from less polluting sectors, such as the media or financial services, have lower CSR scores; however, they present high values in social issues, giving higher priority to business ethics and the rights of employees.

Pengaruh Agresivitas Pajak Pada Corporate Social Responsibility dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Pemoderasi

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a business commitment to contribute to sustainable economic development that is implemented by establishing a partnership with employees, corporate representatives and the general public. A company's CSR can be affected by tax aggressiveness and firm size. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of tax aggressiveness on corporate social responsibility and to determine whether firm size can moderate the effect of tax aggressiveness on corporate social responsibility. This research was conducted on mining companies listed on the Stock Exchange Indoneisa (BEI) in 2014-2016. The sampling method was purposive sampling. Data analysis technique used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Based on the results of research, it is known that tax aggressiveness negatively affect corporate social responsibility. This research also shows that firm size is able to moderate the influence of tax aggressiveness on corporate social responsibility.
 Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Tax Aggressiveness, Firm Size
 

A Study for the Family Business Commitment, Socioemotional Wealth and Non-Economic Performance : Focused on the Small-Medium Family Firms in China

본 연구는 가족기업 헌신, 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)와 비경제적인 성과(FCNE) 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 나아가 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 가족기업은 가족과 기업의 근간이므로 일반기업과 다른 가족목표도 갖고 있으며, 가족목표에 포함되는 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)는 일반기업과의 차이가 될 수도 있다. 본 연구에서 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)는 FIBER 모델을 활용하여 고찰하였다. 그리고 가족기업 헌신은 ‘가족의 심리상태’로 가족구성원들의 충성도, 자부심 및 배려를 강화시키고 기업에 긍정적인 기여가 되기도 한다. 결국, 본 연구는 가족기업 헌신, 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)와 비경제적인 성과(FCNE) 간의 관계를 고찰하는 것을 연구목적으로 하고 있다.BR 본 연구는 위의 연구목적을 달성하기 위해, 먼저 세무국(한국의 세무서)을 통하여 중국 남부 지역의 중소형 가족기업 중의 설문 가능한 기업을 정하고 그 중 ST기업과 PT기업을 제외한 300개 기업을 최종적으로 정하였다. 설문지는 총 143부가 회수되었고 이 중 4부는 본 연구에 적합하지 않아, 최종적으로 본 연구에 사용된 설문지는 139부였다. 그리고 가설을 검증하기 위한 실증분석은 SPSS 20.0와 Amos 18.0을 사용하여 실시하였다. 또한 매개효과를 검증하기 위하여 3단계 매개 회귀분석(The Three-step Multiple Regression Analysis)과 소벨 검정(Sobel Test)를 활용해서 분석하였다.BR 연구결과, 가족기업 헌신과 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)은 비경제적인 성과(FCNE)에 정(+)의 영향을 끼쳤고, 가족기업 헌신은 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)에 정(+)의 영향을 끼쳤다. 또한 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)는 가족기업 헌신과 비경제적인 성과(FCNE) 간에 매개효과 역할을 하고 있음을 검증하였다. BR 결론적으로, 가족기업은 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)를 증대시키면 비경제적인 성과(FCNE)를 증가시킬 수 있었다. 또한 가족기업 헌신 수준이 높을수록 가족구성원들이 가족 소유권, 조직 규칙 및 목표의 공유, 인식된 보장 등에 대한 의식을 더 강화시킬 수 있으므로 사회 정서적인 부(SEW)에 대한 중요한 심리적인 요인이 됨을 확인하였다. 그리고 가족기업 헌신은 비경제적인 성과(FCNE)에 영향을 주지만, 사회 정서적인 부(SEW) 통하여 비경제적인 성과(FCNE)에 영향을 주는 것이 더 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Diversification and Internationalization in the European Single Market: The British Exception

This article examines the long-run impact of the 1992 completion of the European Single Market on the diversification and internationalization of European business. It does so at a particular moment of crisis: the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union (“Brexit”). The article finds that completion of the European Single Market is indeed associated with significant and widespread changes in the strategies of European businesses between 1993 and 2010. European business has converged on more focused diversification strategies and followed similar patterns of internationalization. The most significant exception is the consistently low level of British business's commitment to European markets. The distinctiveness of British internationalization is, in a sense, Brexit foretold.

An Empirical Study of Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Business Commitment to the Community

An Empirical Study of Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Business Commitment to the Community

Management decisions for sustainable development: medical software case study

Software is becoming increasingly important and pervasive in healthcare. Deads and injuries, recalls related to the medical software, defective medical device statistics justify the practical dimension of the issue and needs to search ways seeking reduce possibility to arise injuries and deaths. Decision to release medical software to the market is very important not only to the manufacturer (design and development organization), but also for direct and indirect users (doctors and patients) and for all society, which is using national medical system with integrity information technologies possibilities. Manufacturers of medical devices assume responsibility for the correct functioning of medical devices and medical software manufacturer should assume responsibility for medical decisions making and medical decision influence on patient. This responsibility is related not only to the legal and financial risk, but also to the socially responsible business commitments. Software developing companies does not have knowledges about the conditions, which can assure medical software confidence before the release to the market. Such situations stops entrepreneur involvement in the medical software creating area.