Bushehr Province Research Articles

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Filenchus multistriatus n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae) and Data on a Known Species of the Genus from Bushehr Province, Southern Iran.

During a nematological survey in southern Iran, a population belonging to the family Tylenchidae was recovered from a tomato field in Bushehr province. The recovered population belongs to the genus Filenchus, was described and illustrated herein as F. multistriatus n. sp. It is mainly characterized by having a wide and low annulated lip region continuous with adjacent body; amphidial openings confined to the labial plate; four lines in lateral fields forming three bands, with the two outer bands broken by transverse, and the inner one broken by both transverse and longitudinal lines; and median bulb oval with visible valve and elongate-conoid tail uniformly and gradually narrowing toward the distal region, ending in a widely rounded tip. Its morphological and morphometric differences with three closely similar species were discussed. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other relevant genera and species were reconstructed using partial sequences of small, and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) sequences. Morphometric and morphological data were also provided for an Iranian population of F. sandneri recovered from Bushehr province. Both populations were characterised using SEM data.

Ecosystem services valuation using InVEST modeling: Case from southern Iranian mangrove forests

As one of the most fertile ecosystems on earth, mangrove forests provide many goods and services for humanity. Mangroves are located in the south of Iran on the coasts of Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan and Bushehr provinces, which include two species of Harra (Avicennia marina) and Chandal (Rhizophora mucronata) The purpose of this study was to describe the condition of mangrove forests using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) between 2010 and 2021 from the southern coasts of Iran. The INVEST model uses land use and land cover maps to estimate habitat quality. With the opinions of local experts, sources of threats, maximum impact distance, state of degradation, and sensitivity to threats were also estimated for each type of land use cover. Urban and rural areas’ development, roads network, piers, oil and non-oil industries, agriculture, and aquaculture activities, were identified as sources that threaten mangroves’ long-term viability. The output maps of the INVEST habitat quality model included degradability and habitat quality maps, which were classified into four categories: poor, low, medium, and high, to better understand quality changes. The results demonstrated that mangrove habitat quality has decreased considerably despite the increase in their area. The area of the target habitats has been increased by 586.45 ha while two first quality categories, including poor and low classes, increased. Based on a habitat quality assessment in 2010, two classes of poor, low habitat quality, were estimated to be around 0.72, and 8.42 ha, which changed to 3.04 ha, and 9.72 ha respectively in 2021. The output maps obtained in this study can help local managers and decision-makers to have an image of what happened to the quality of the target ecosystems and may help them to adopt more effective management strategies for the conservation of these ecosystems.

Providing a training model for producing electronic content to prepare teachers to teach in the virtual space of schools

Background and Aim: Virtual education is one of the types of education that has shown its role in recent years, especially during the Corona period. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to provide a model of electronic content production training for preparing teachers to teach in the virtual environment of elementary schools in Bushehr province. Methods: The current research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and practical in terms of execution method. The qualitative research community included university experts of Bushehr in the academic year of 2020-2021-, of which 40 people were selected based on the rule of theoretical saturation and with the purposeful sampling method. The statistical population of the quantitative part included 552 university professors in Bushehr city in the academic year of 2020-2021, and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 225 and selected by random sampling. The tools of the qualitative part of the interview and the quantitative part of the questionnaire were made by the researcher. The validity of the qualitative part of the tool was done with face validity, and the reliability was 0.82 with the agreement coefficient between the coders. Also, in the quantitative part of the research, formal validity and reliability were obtained with Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. Qualitative part analysis was done by coding method in MAXQDA3 software and quantitative part was done by partial least squares method in Pls smart3 software. Results: In the qualitative section, 5 components (content, evaluation, technical infrastructure, planning and learning environment) and 41 indicators were identified for the e-learning model. Based on the results of the quantitative part, the factor load, which is the correlation coefficient between the implicit variable (e-learning) and the obvious variables in a model, is related to planning (0.74), content compilation (0.63), evaluation (0.58), technical infrastructure (0.51) and learning environment (0.5), respectively. Also, according to the results of structural equation modeling, the planning component with a coefficient of 0.42, content compilation with a coefficient of 0.21, evaluation with a coefficient of 0.18, technical infrastructure and learning environment with a coefficient of 0.14 respectively had the greatest effect on e-learning. E-learning is the necessity of the educational system in the future. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the first step is to ask professors and experts to identify and solve the challenges of e-learning and plan for the implementation of this system in the education system according to the components of content, evaluation, technical infrastructure, planning and learning environment.

Hepatitis B infection among β-thalassemia major patients in Bushehr province of southern Iran

ABSTRACT This study was performed to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among β-thalassemia patients. ELISA was used to detect HBsAg and HBcAb. Molecular evaluation of HBV infection was performed by nested PCR, targeting S, X and pre-C regions of the genome, and sequencing. Of 126 thalassemia patients, 4 cases (3.17%) were positive for HBsAg, 23 cases (18.25%) were positive for HBcAb, and 6 cases (4.76%) had HBV viremia with genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. HBV prevalence among thalassemia patients was not statistically associated with gender distribution, place of residency, marital status and frequency of blood transfusion. HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly higher in Afghan immigrants and patients with ALT levels of 41–80 IU/L. The prevalence of HBV viremia was significantly higher among thalassemia patients aged >20 years compared to the patients aged <20 years. Moreover, 1.59% of thalassemia patients had seropositive occult HBV infection, which was positive for HBV-DNA and HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. Considering the relatively high prevalence of occult HBV infection among thalassemia patients, there is a possibility of their contamination through donated blood. Therefore, screening of donated blood based on detection of HBsAg cannot abolish HBV transmission through blood transfusion.

Molecular Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in Biopsy Samples of Patients Suffering from Bladder Cancer in Bushehr Province, Iran

Molecular Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in Biopsy Samples of Patients Suffering from Bladder Cancer in Bushehr Province, Iran

Predictor factors of preventive behaviors based on Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) in residents of Bushehr province in 2021

Predictor factors of preventive behaviors based on Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) in residents of Bushehr province in 2021

An Investigation on the Possibility of Rip Current Formation in the Coastal Waters of Bushehr Province

An Investigation on the Possibility of Rip Current Formation in the Coastal Waters of Bushehr Province

Zoning of Tidal Facies a Prerequisite of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Bushehr Province (Iran)

Zoning of Tidal Facies a Prerequisite of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Bushehr Province (Iran)

Entomological survey of malaria vectors in Dashtestan County, South of Iran.

Anopheline mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of some diseases such as malaria. This study was carried out in five villages of Dashtestan county, Bushehr province, south of Iran with mountainous and plain areas. Anopheles larvae were sampled once a month from May to July 2021 by dipping method using standard dippers. Adults were captured by the total catch technique. In this study, 1062 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected including 850 adults and 212 larvae. Samples were A. superpictus, A. stephensi, A. dthali and A. fluviatilis. The dominant species at all sites (larvae and adults) were A. dthali (31.35%), A. superpictus (28.93%), A. stephensi (27.77%), and A. fluviatilis (11.95%), respectively. Among adults, A. stephensi was the most frequent species, but among larvae, A. dthali was the dominant species. The highest number of A. dthali was captured from Dalaki village with 35%, while A. superpictus and A. fluviatilis were not caught at this station. The minimum collected adults of all species occurred in Bashirabad. This result showed that A. stephensi plays an important role in south Iran, which is under the elimination phase. The fauna and niches of Anopheles has different patterns depending on ecological, climatic, and topographic features. These items affect host preferences, feeding behaviors, and distribution of these species. A monthly or annual entomological survey is necessary in regions with mobile populations since imported malaria is a problematic issue in the elimination programs of Iran.

Risk mapping of malaria in Iran from 2009 to 2018: A GIS-Based survey

Background: Since the issues of public health and the spread of diseases are directly related to the region's geography. We aim to determine malaria incidence, spatial distribution, and hot spots in Iran using the GIS for a decade from 2009 to 2018. Methods: GIS was used to analyze the information acquired from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran, Iran, and other associated centers between 2009 and 2018. Subsequently, maps of the disease's spatial distribution were constructed and using ArcGIS 10.5 software, the disease's hotspots in Iran were determined. The disease's variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and malaria incidence, were correlated using geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis in ArcGIS 10.5. Using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, data were analyzed using Linear Regression Analysis and SPSS 21 software using descriptive statistics. Sistan and Baluchistan, and the Bushehr provinces were hot spots for Malaria. The geographically weighted regression analysis results showed that in Sistan and Baluchistan and Bushehr, Hormozgan, Fars, Qom, Yazd, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, the highest correlation between temperature, humidity, vegetation density, and the incidence of Malaria was observed (p-value = 0.019).

Modeling factors affecting the interests of the container terminal using fuzzy cognitive map and fuzzy DEMATEL

PurposeBecause container terminals (CTs) are broker organizations, their interest has complex, various internal and external factors, the purpose of this study is to scrutiny and structure the factors affecting the interests of the CT.Design/methodology/approachIn terms of purpose, this study is a developmental study that, are identified the factors related to the interests of the CT through studying the library and interviewing experts and then the degree of influence of each factor on each other by using the interview with experts of CT in Bushehr province are determined. Then, the fuzzy DEMATEL method is used to calculate the feedback loop of the indicators, and then the matrix obtained Fcmapper software and the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) is drawn.FindingsAccording to the FCM analysis, three important factors are centrality identified in terms of attracting capital, quality of service and efficiency. In addition, there are three factors, attracting capital, operator performance and law have high outdegree.Originality/valueThis research has identified 34 effective indicators of CT interests and evaluated their relationship with FCM. In the available researches, all these indicators measurement has not been evaluated together. Furthermore, fuzzy DEMATEL has been used to evaluate self-loops. Another contribution of this research is the introduction of a strategic route as a roadmap for CT managers in Bushehr province to decide on the interests of a CT.

Black gill disease in Litopenaeus vannamei made by various agents

Melanization of shrimp gills is a general symptom in shrimp black bill diseases (sBG); therefore, the cause is not immediately apparent. This study aimed to determine the primary and secondary agents associated with a black gill outbreak in the Delvar complex in the Bushehr Province of Iran. During July and August of 2020, 450 healthy and affected shrimps were collected based on brown to black gill color from three farms of the Bushehr Province in Iran. Characterization of pathogens was performed by gross signs, wet mounts, microbiological tests, histopathology methods, and sequencing of molecular markers. The mean weight and length of infected shrimps was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the healthy shrimps. The histological examination of sBG indicated the adhesion of secondary lamellae, accumulation of hemocyte cells at the end of the secondary lamellae, and necrosis of epithelial cells with pyknosis and karyorrhexis. According to our results, Aspergillus sydowii as a primary agent correlates with sBG disease in Litopenaeus vannamei from Iran, and other biotic factors, including bacterial (Vibrio owensii and V. parahaemolyticus) probably are secondary agents associated with sBG disease.

Analysis of food literacy dimensions and indicators: A case study of rural households

Food has always been the focus of much discussion due to its value and importance in human life. Policymakers use the idea of food literacy as a solution to population and environmental health and food security. Two objectives were considered in this research: investigating food literacy construct validity and reliability and also analyzing five dimension that reflect food literacy scale. The present research is a survey and the statistical population is rural households in Dashti County of Bushehr province. The number of statistical populations was determined by Cochran's formula 232 households. They were selected by stratified multi-stage random sampling method. Based on the results and fitness indicators, it was determined that the research factor analysis model based on the five dimensions of food literacy (social, economic, health, skills, environmental and welfare of farm animals) has suitable and acceptable measures (RMSEA = 0.065). Evidence from this study has shown that creating an effective link to promoting the indigenous and local foods and food production process is effective in promoting food diversity, food literacy and food security in rural communities. There is little research that considers food literacy indicators empirically, based on the proposed model, the selected constructs of the research had examined food literacy indices in rural communities. The results of cluster analysis showed that most studied groups classified in the average level in terms of food literacy and had the highest average in the social index of food literacy. The results of this study can help to perception and further professionalize and exploit opportunities to promote food literacy and provide guidance for planners and other stakeholders working in food security and sustainable development.

Lifetime Estimation and Optimal Maintenance Scheduling of Urban Oil-Immersed Distribution-Transformers Considering Weather-Dependent Intelligent Load Model and Unbalanced Loading

Electricity distribution companies are in-charge-of supplying stable electric energy to urban customers over a wide geographical area. In these distribution networks, large number of Distribution-Transformers (DTs) are installed on towers or in electric-rooms with the ratings below 1000 kVA, which are the most important assets of distribution companies. Periodic maintenance and test services are not economically feasible for all in-operation transformers. Hence, estimating the remaining useful life and scheduling the maintenance times of DTs are of great technical and economic importance. An analytical approach is presented in this paper for predicting lifetime of DTs based on degree of polymerization. An appropriate Machine-Learning (ML) algorithm trained by measured data is selected for forecasting driven load according to the ambient temperature and humidity and day-hour schedules. The relation of Hot-Spot-Temperature in IEC60076∼7 is modified based on the measured data for accounting unbalanced-loading. Neutral-current is predicted using a trained ML-model. Another approach is proposed for determining times of oil filtering services aiming to minimize the maintenance cost and maximizing the remaining life. The proposed lifetime estimation method is validated by comparing its results with the damaged DT data of a sample network chosen as the case studies for this research, i.e., Bushehr province, Iran.

Antibacterial and anti-trichomunas characteristics of local landraces of Lawsonia inermis L.

BackgroundHenna (Lawsonia inermis) with anti-bacterial properties has been widely used in traditional medicine especially Persian medicine. Henna oil is suggested for diseases of infectious origin, such as cervical ulcers. Group B Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, Trichomonas vaginalis are involved in the infection of women especially cervicitis. Henna grows in dry and tropical regions. The main important landraces of henna landraces are cultivated in Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, and Bushehr provinces in Iran.Proper use of antimicrobial agents, use of new antimicrobial strategies, and alternative methods, such as herbal methods may help reduce drug resistance in the future. This study’s objective was to investigate the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of three different henna landraces and antimicrobial effects against group B Streptococcus agalactiae and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.MethodsTotal phenol content was measured by Folin ciocaltu method. Antibacterial effect of landraces of Henna against P. aeruginosa and S. agalactiae were assayed by well diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration assessments were done using the broth micro-dilution technique. Anti-Trichomonas effect of Henna landraces were assayed by Hemocytometery method.ResultsTotal phenol content of Shahdad, Rudbar-e-Jonub, and Qaleh Ganj was 206.51, 201.96, and 254.85 μg/ml, respectively. Shahdad, Rudbar-e-Jonub, and Qaleh Ganj had MIC against GBS at 15, 15 and, 4 μg/ml. The growth inhibition diameter of the most effective henna (Shahdad landrace) at a concentration of 20 μg/ml on P. aeruginosa was 2.46 ± 0.15 cm and in the MIC method at a concentration of 5 μg/ml of Shahdad landrace, P. aeruginosa did not grow. IC50 of shahdad Henna after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h was 7.54, 4.83 and 20.54 μg/ml, respectively. IC50 of Rudbar-e-Jonub extract was 5.76, 3.79 and 5.77 μg/ml in different days. IC50 of Qaleh Ganj extract was 6.09, 4.08 and 5.74 μg/ml in different days.ConclusionsThe amount of total phenol in Qaleh Ganj was higher than the other varieties. In the well diffusion method, Qaleh Ganj was more effective against group B Streptococcus (Gram-positive bacterium) than the other two landraces, and Shahdad landrace was more effective against P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacterium) than other. In the MIC method, the same result was obtained as in the well diffusion method, but at a lower concentration.

Paramyrothecium foliicola causes crown dry rot of melon (Cucumis melo) in Iran

AbstractIn spring 2018, melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants with wilting of the leaves and dry rot of the crowns were observed in Dashti county, Bushehr province, southern Iran. Nine fungal isolates were recovered from the symptomatic crowns. Based on the morphological characteristics and DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA gene, the fungus was identified as Paramyrothecium foliicola L. Lombard and Crous. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed on melon under greenhouse conditions to fulfil the Koch's postulates. Host range determination showed except for pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata L.) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.), several other cucurbit crops exhibited high disease incidence. To our knowledge, this is the first report of crown dry rot of melon caused by P. foliicola in Iran.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Group vs. Weblog Telecommunication (Web Tel) Nutrition Education Program on Glycemic Indices in Patients With Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This a randomized controlled trial study with a cost-effectiveness analysis that aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of group nutrition education with that of Web-Tel nutrition education in the glycemic control of patients with non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was conducted on 105 patients with T2DM for 3 months in Quds health centre of Bushehr province, Iran. The participants were classified based on age and disease severity (hemoglobin A1c level); then, they were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: group education, Web-Tel education, and the control group using block randomization method. The clinical (intermediate) outcome was changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Patients' perspective was adopted, and a deterministic one-way sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the effects of uncertainties. The results indicated that the expected effectiveness was 0.46, 0.63, and 0.4; the mean costs was 27,188, 5,335, and 634 purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars for group education, Web-Tel education, and the control group, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of Web-Tel education vs. the control group was positive and equal to $21, 613.04 PPP; since it was less than three times of the threshold, the Web-Tel education method was considered as a more cost-effective method than the control group. On the other hand, the ICER of group education vs. control group was $447,067 PPP and above the threshold, so group education was considered as a dominated method compared with the control group. In conclusion, considering the ICER, Web-Tel education is a more cost-effective method than the other two and can be used as the first priority in educating patients with T2DM. The present study was registered in Thailand Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20210331001).

The Effect of Dust Storm on Sea Surface Temperature in the Western Basin of Persian Gulf

A dust storm is one of the costliest and most destructive events in many desert regions. This research investigates the effect of dust storm on sea surface temperature (SST) in the western zone of the Persian Gulf, especially Bushehr Province and its beaches in the years 2008 and 2009. Therefore, some climate and sea parameters such as SST, salinity, air temperature, wind velocity and direction, evaporation, horizontal visibility, sunshine hours and radiation, simultaneously measured in a specific period of time, were analyzed by comparing each of them with satellite data. Sea surface temperature analysis in summer shows that the maximum SST in Persian Gulf along neighbor waters to Bushehr County and central regions in northern section of Persian Gulf is about 34–36 °C. The SST amplitude variation in these places in summer ranges from 28 to 34 °C and when there are dust phenomena, it is from 29.5 to 31 °C. The outcome of this study shows that the SST increases during dusting phenomena and this causes an increase in vapor and as a result a decrease in temperature occurs. On the other hand, vapor increase leads to a growth in the amount and layer of earth’s cloud cover and finally it causes an effective decrease in short-wave sunshine and the temperature and the vapor on surface decrease. As a result, the decrease in sea surface temperature terminates.

Presenting a Model of Sociological Factors Affecting Employment on the Attitude towards Unemployment Status of the Children of Devotees in Bushehr Province

Presenting a Model of Sociological Factors Affecting Employment on the Attitude towards Unemployment Status of the Children of Devotees in Bushehr Province

Molecular Evaluation of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Bushehr Province, Southern Iran.

Given the importance of human parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy and the potential risks to the fetus, this study was designed to determine the prevalence, genotypic pattern, and risk factors of parvovirus B19 infection among a population-based sample of pregnant women in Bushehr Province, southern Iran. A total of 824 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were screened for the detection of anti-parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG by ELISA. The molecular evaluation was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction, targeting the non-structural protein 1-viral protein 1 unique region of the genome, and sequencing. Of 824 pregnant women, 330 (40.1%) were positive for anti-parvovirus B19 IgG and 50 women (6.1%) had anti-parvovirus B19 IgM. A greater rate of anti-parvovirus B19 IgG seroprevalence was observed in women older than 39 years, in Afghan immigrants, and in those women with more parities. Anti-parvovirus B19 IgM seroprevalence decreased with increasing gestational age and was significantly greater among women in the first trimester of pregnancy and among residents of the city of Borazjan. Moreover, 0.73% of the pregnant women had parvovirus B19 viremia with genotype 1 and subtype 1a. Parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in the samples collected in late autumn and winter, which is a rainy season associated with temperate climes in southern Iran. According to the results of this study, approximately 60% of pregnant women in this region are serologically negative and susceptible to parvovirus B19 infection. Therefore, assessment for maternal parvovirus B19 infection is important and should be considered as part of the fetal-maternal health policy in Iran.