Bus Transport Research Articles

Intelligent Route Planning Recommendation for Electric Bus Transport

Intelligent Route Planning Recommendation for Electric Bus Transport

Valuation of Bus Characteristics in Urban Area: Al-Najaf as a Case Study

Increased population, the rapid growth of vehicles owned, and quick land-use shifts have resulted in an abnormal rise in trips generated and directed to and from the activities area; the occurrence of traffic congestion in different segments of the transportation network leads to extended travel time, resulting in inconvenience and discontent among individuals. It has become necessary to provide alternative transportation systems, as city residents need faster, safer, and more comfortable transportation systems. This study aims to evaluate current public transport in Najaf city and propose a bus line based on international standards as an alternative transport means in al-Najaf city and its effectiveness. Sustainable performance indicators were evaluated based on previous studies, such as traffic congestion, travel time, sustainability, and reliability. Where Traffic flow rates indicate high congestion streets, as flow rates reached 6228 (Veh. /hr.) at Karbala-Najaf Street. The more increase in flow rates the more defect in the network, and the journey time increases reached 30 minutes at Kufa-Najaf Street (8,5) km. The data of traffic mix from most of urban roads have been determined. The results of studies stated that Public The forms of transportation in the city of Najaf are generally represented by several routes starting from the Najaf internal garage and passing through small buses. These routes do not cover the entire city and the actual need for people. The percentage of transport buses and minibuses is about 0.8% and 10%, respectively. The public transport in the city is not managed by any policies and has no schedule times for travels with no considerations for passengers' comfort which indicate that public transport sector in the city of Najaf is significantly poor.

Method of determining time for preventive diagnosis in city bus operation systems

The article presents a mathematical model of the process of diagnosing and repairing preventive public transport buses. The mathematical model was developed using the theory of semi-Markov processes. The presented model considers two types of corrective repairs - carried out by the Technical Emergency Service and at Service Stations, and preventive repair. The presented model of the exploitation process system has been described to a small extent in the literature so far. The considered system is analyzed on the basis of two criteria: the availability of public transport buses and the profit per unit time. For the adopted assumptions, the conditions for the existence of an extremum of the criterion function were formulated. In the article, the presented model is illustrated based on sample results.

Performance of Opportunistic Data Networks Based on Public Transportation Systems

Smart Cities are those which use technology to promote the well-being of the population, economic growth and, at the same time, improve sustainability. The application of these technologies in road transportation services has been conducted within programs known as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are a key part of the intelligent transportation systems framework. The buses belonging to a Public Transportation System (PTS) can be considered as nodes of a kind of opportunistic data network. However, the transportation literature does not provide acceptable models for bus movements in an urban environment since they are affected by vehicular and passenger traffic conditions, lanes organization, traffic signal management, company policies, and others. This article uses the Engine for Map Matching to SUMO (EMMS), a computational tool that automatically imports the public transportation system characteristics into a simulation environment in order to study the system performance. Specifically, geolocation data from public transportation buses, in the city of Curitiba (Brazil), are used. The results obtained show that the formation of small temporary networks is possible, allowing the exchange of data between buses. However, those networks provide low throughput and packet delivery rates, as well as large routing overhead and end-to-end delay.

Assessment of the Current Bus Route Network in the Federal Capital City Abuja, Nigeria

The inadequacy of buses for the public transportation system in the Federal Capital City (FCC) of Abuja has resulted to the dominant use of private automobiles, which has created a lot of problems, such as, long waiting times, lateness to work, kidnapping and loss of man-hours. The effort of Government in providing high capacity public buses through Abuja Urban Mass Transit Company (AUMTCO), has not been satisfactory. Therefore, in this study, an evaluation of the existing bus route networks and the availability of public transport bus services in the FCC, including an assessment of the factors that determine the present choice of travel mode in the City is presented. The methodology adopted includes: manual traffic volume count, measurement of traffic data and scope of the current bus route network using GPSmap76Cx (GARMIN) receiver, and questionnaire administration. The results show that public bus is 0.12% of vehicular traffic volume in the metropolitan city, while private car has 86.81%, which carries significant consequences that impact different facets of its citizens' lives. The existing bus routes network does not cover Wuse II and Maitama districts. Mode choice influences by social demographic characteristics, such as; occupation, marital status, time spent going to work, bus inconvenience, time to leave home for work, and decision to patronize public mode if available are among the trip factors assessed. The mean peak travel speed on the bus routes ranges from 15km/hr to 23 km/hr, while average time spent from house to and at bus stop are 10 minutes and 20 minutes respectively for public bus. The results suggest that the existing bus route networks should be optimized to cover all the districts of the Federal Capital City for effective accessibility and services to commuters. This will improve the security indices of commuters in the Federal capital city.

Analisis Tarif Transportasi Publik: Studi Kasus Bus Trans Metro Dewata Bali Dengan Memperhitungkan Biaya Operasi Kendaraan, Ability To Pay, dan Willingness To Pay

One of the transportation tools used in Bali is a bus fleet called Trans Metro Dewata (TMD) Bali. TMD Bali bus is one of the public transportation that has various destinations, where one of themajors is in Corridor 1, Central Parking Kuta-Terminal Pesiapan. TMD Bali bus corridor 1 has aroute of Central Parking Kuta-Terminal Tegal- Terminal Mengwi- Terminal Pesiapan. Trans MetroDewata Bus Public Transportation is a link between the Kuta Central Parking area - TerminalPesiapan which is an area of the Tabanan City area that connects the Kuta tourist area andthetrade center which is one of the centers of tourism activities, and vice versa. Currently, thenumber of buses operating is a total of 105 buses of which 95 buses are used for operationalpurposes while the rest are for reserves, with a fare of IDR 4400 for the standard fare fromKutaCentral Parking Lot - Terminal Pesiapan. Operational activities of the Bali Trans Metro DewataBuspublic transport company began to develop well because previously the TMD Bali bus farewasfree, but since October 31, 2022 began to be charged. The tariff is in return for the servicesreceived by users to cover all vehicle operating costs and a decent profit for the operator. Formulation of Bus public transport tariffs in addition to paying attention to the operating costs of the vehicle but also must pay attention to the purchasing power or ability to pay of service users(Ability To Pay) as well as the perception of users of public transport services Bus Corridor 1Central Parking Kuta-Terminal Pesiapan (Willingnes To Pay).The results showed that the current tariff of public transportation bus Sentral Parking Kuta-Terminal Pesiapan which is Rp 4,400.00isnot in accordance with the Ability to Pay and Willingness to Pay passengers of publictransportation bus Sentral Parking Kuta-Terminal Pesiapan. The tariff that is in accordancewiththe Ability to Pay and Willingness to Pay passengers of public transportation bus Sentral Parkingkuta-Terminal Pesiapan based on the results of the calculation is Rp 4,000.00.

Psychosocial work conditions and traffic safety among minibus and long-bus drivers.

This study sought to examine the association between psychosocial work factors and road traffic crashes (RTCs), and test the differences in psychosocial work factors between minibus and long-bus drivers. This cross-sectional survey employed a convenient sampling method to collect data from 7315 long-distance minibus and long-bus drivers who operate between the Ghanaian cities, Accra and Tema and other parts of the country. The drivers answered a job content questionnaire, psychosocial safety climate scale (PSC-12), work-family conflict scale, and demographic questions on age, education, driving hours, and RTC history. The correlational analysis showed a significant association between psychosocial work factors and RTCs for the previous 2 years. Hierarchical multiple linear regression found that supervisor support, skill discretion, decision autonomy, psychological demands, PSC, and work-family conflict significantly contributed to explaining RTC rates among the drivers. Also, significant differences were found between minibus and long-bus drivers in driving hours, occurrence of near misses, RTCs, and all psychosocial work factors explored in this study except work-family conflict. Psychosocial work factors directly predict RTCs among minibus and long-bus drivers. Policymakers, driver unions, and owners and managers of bus transport businesses should prioritize integrating occupational health and safety into road transport activities. Furthermore, managers and bus owners should use bottom-up communication, provide access to support services and work-family balance initiatives, flexible work schedules, and a supportive work environment to improve road safety.

The many costs of operating school buses in America

The research seeks to quantify the marginal cost impact of transportation cost drivers on the total operating cost of Texas's public schools and how these costs differ between district type and environment setting. The analysis tests the validity of often cited research findings examining the widely used School Bus Routing Problem (SBRP). We present results from fixed effects regressions with panel data for the total transportation operating cost. Finding the marginal cost of an additional student is 2.5 times greater for a rural district than for an urban district. Additionally, we compare mean average values of school bus transportation metrics between rural, town, suburban, and city districts. Concluding, on average, school bus transportation costs for Rural districts are 40% more per student than a City or Suburban district. The dataset includes eleven years of transportation operating costs from 998 Texas public school districts.

Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Transportasi Suroboyo Bus Terhadap Peningkatan Kepuasan Masyarakat Kota Surabaya

The study aims to analyze the impact of Suroboyo Bus transportation services on improving the satisfaction of the people of Surabaya. The type of research used in this research is quantitative with survey methods and cross-sectional design. The research was carried out on the Suroboyo Bus public transportation route Rajawali-Purabaya Terminal. This research uses a questionnaire-type instrument using the Likert scale. The number of samples used in this study was calculated using the Slovin formula and samples were obtained from as many as 400 respondents. The data analysis techniques used in this study are instrumental testing, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing, and double linear regression testing. Instrumental testing results refer to valid and reliable instruments. The results of classic assumptions also showed normal-distributed data and variables X and Y have a linear relationship. The results of the hypothesis test with the F test obtained a P-value of 0,000, so there is a significant influence on the quality of public transport services Suroboyo Bus in general on the improvement of public satisfaction. The result of the analysis of dual linear regregation can be known that all free variables have a positive value coefficient. The determinant coefficent test results showed a large influence of service quality on public satisfactions is 77.49%.

Etnik Nusantara Modern Terminal Bus Tipe A Cijulang Pangandaran

ABSTRACT
 West Java is one of the regions in Indonesia with a variety of extraordinary tourist destinations. The attraction of destinations in West Java can invite local and international tourists to come to visit. Pangandaran is one of the regencies in West Java Province. The area of Pangandaran Regency is 168,509 hectares, with the greatest potential of Pangandaran Regency is tourism both beach and river attractions. Seeing the number of tourist attractions in Pangandaran Regency, the number of tourists reached 3.6 million tourist visits to tourist attractions in Pangandaran. The large number of private vehicle users that cause congestion is caused by inadequate infrastructure facilities in Pangandaran Regency such as public transportation, namely bus transportation. Currently, the terminal facilities owned by the Pangandaran Regency government only have 3 terminals with the condition of the bus terminal is very worrying, not managed properly, does not facilitate to existing tourist areas, and there are no terminal facilities that function to serve intercity transportation between provinces (AKAP). Therefore, Cijulang Pangandaran Type A Bus Terminal presents a Modern Ethnic Nusantara concept to introduce and preserve the Ethnic Nusantara in West Java.
 Keywords : Bus Terminal, Cijulang Pangandaran, Ethnic Nusantara Modern

Concept for the Customer Perspective of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) System in Bus Transport Companies in the Slovak Republic

Customer awareness and customer satisfaction are generally important attributes for the success and competitiveness of any business. In some sectors, they are studied very intensively; in others, they are neglected. In the field of transport services, it is important that the attitudes of customers are sufficiently monitored because public passenger transport has a lot of individual competition. Only satisfied customers can prefer public transportation over their own. In this context, this contribution analyses customer requirements and their satisfaction with bus public transport in the Slovak Republic. The opinions of customers are supplemented in this article with those of strategic managers. We ascertained customer requirements through questionnaire surveys. Using theoretical knowledge, we established hypotheses, which were subsequently verified using the selected statistical methods. Based on the findings, we proposed the concept of the target perspective of the BSC system for bus transport companies in the Slovak Republic in an effort to increase their competitiveness. Our procedure was also based on knowledge that is the output of various research studies in this area. Their results show that marketing strategies are considered the most important part of strategic management. Today, it is common in many industries that all business entities offer the same product at the same price under approximately the same technological conditions and with the assistance of equally well-equipped personnel. Therefore, a correctly set marketing strategy can also be the key to business success in transport services. The methods used in this paper were analysis, synthesis, questionnaire surveys, and the selected managerial and statistical methods. Our goal was to propose a concept of the customer perspective of the BSC system based on the analysis of customer requirements. We are convinced that the results of our survey can contribute to increasing the competitiveness of not only bus carriers in Slovakia, but also in other EU countries.

History of Gemeente Probolinggo 1918-1942

This thesis discusses the history of gemeente Probolinggo in 1918-1942. The problems in this thesis are (1) the reasons why the Dutch East Indies government made Probolinggo a gemeente (2) how was the process of forming gemeente Probolinggo (3) What was the impact of the determination of gemeente on the socio-economic status of Probolinggo. The theory used is public policy theory with a social sociology approach and the method used is the historical method. The factors that made Probolinggo a gemeente by the Dutch East Indies were the strategic location of Probolinggo surrounded by sugar factories, tobacco plantations, coffee and ports. Probolinggo got gemeente status on July 1, 1918 (based on Staatsblad van Nederland Indies 322-1918). The impact of the determination of the Probolinggo gemeente is the development of infrastructure facilities that occur in Probolinggo. the development of infrastructure facilities, among others, such as the development of car and bus transportation. In terms of education also experienced developments, namely initially in Probolinggo there were only two schools then in 1929-1930 in Probolinggo there were 7 schools. From the socio-economic point of view, the majority of the population of Probolinggo are Javanese and Madurese, while the Madurese migrated to Probolinggo due to the opening of plantations by the Dutch East Indies government.
 Keywords: Gemeente, Development, Infrastructure, Economy, Probolinggo

A bilinear interpolation model for estimating commercial vehicles' fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

In this paper, an estimation model based on bilinear interpolation of data from the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook database regarding fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of commercial vehicles in different operating conditions is developed. Depending on vehicle's average speed, road slope and load factor, the model determines the fuel consumption and emissions for the observed vehicle type, category and emission standard. In order to validate the model, recordings on actual commercial vehicles were made in real operating conditions on two urban public transport bus lines in Belgrade. Comparison of the estimated and actual results from vehicle operation substantiate satisfactory validation of the model, making it suitable for logistics managers in operational and tactical planning as easy to use decision making tool allowing better sustainability and lower environmental footprint.

Decentralized electro-sanitation system as proof of concept to treat urine produced in long-distance bus

Long-distance transportation provides in-vehicle access to essential sanitation to the passengers. However, generated yellow and black waters may not be correctly managed prior sanitary effluent discharge. Processes that can handle decentralized effluent treatment can be considered alternatives to traditional chemical treatment systems. In this study, decentralized electrochemically-driven treatment is presented as a proof of concept. A compact electrochemical reactor design considering the boundary conditions and requirements for decentralized sanitary treatment for long-distance bus transportation has been accomplished. Treatment of synthetic urine effluents was conducted under filter-press reactor with continuous flow in a closed upward recirculation reactor containing a carbon felt (CF) cathode and a dimensionally stable anode (DSA: Ti/Ru0.36Ti0.64O2). The experimental design allowed the assessment of operational variable impacts on reduction of urea concentration, and consequent estimate of the total organic carbon abatement. The results revealed that synthetic urine solution diluted from toilet water flushing (TOC = 402 mg L−1) can be effectively treated under application of low current densities of 18 mA cm−2 in 300 min (average time of on-road service). Real-time monitoring of parameters revealed a decrease in pH from 6.98 to 3.49, and a gradual increase in temperature from 25.3 °C to 32.0 °C at the end of the process. Those physico-chemical changes can be useful to inhibit urea hydrolysis. Thus, the results encourage the application of electrochemical technology in decentralized effluent treatment systems to enhance and enable ecologically correct sanitation actions in portable urinary collectors, such as those used in bus road transport.

The Association Between Work-life Balance and Employee Mental Health: A systemic review

The existence of an association between work-life balance and mental health in employees has not been found. The purpose of the systematic review is to assess the relationship between work-life balance and mental health among employees. This study used the SLR method; a literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Crossref databases in early January 2023. The results showed n = 79 on Scopus, n = 2 on PubMed, n = 147 on Google Scholar, and n = 4000 on Crossref. After PRISMA analysis, n = 30 studies were included in the review. Number of reviews Positive correlation between work-life balance and positive mental health (n = 19); positive correlation between work-life balance and positive mental health (n = 7); positive correlation between work-life imbalance and positive mental health (n = 4). Countries where research was conducted: Malaysia, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Spanish, Nigeria, Ghana, Australia, New Zealand Maori, China, UK, Chinese, New Zealand European, French, Italian, Brazil, Canada, Taiwan, Egyptian, Saudi, Switzerland, and America. Positive mental health variations that have a positive relationship with work-life balance are psychological well-being, resilience, life satisfaction, well-being, positive mental health, higher job satisfaction, lower turnover intention, psychological well-being, well-being, job performance, and work involvement. There are a variety of workers: priests, public servants, lecturers, campus administrative staff, bankers, high school teachers, academics, media workers, midwives, and professors. Depression, anxiety, mental burden, work stress, the severity of insomnia, burnout, turnover intention, and technostress are all variations of mental health problems that have a positive relationship with work-life balance. Worker variations include bankers, health care professionals, work-from-home moms, working students, bus transportation workers, and full-time insurance tech employees.

Pengaruh Harga dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Transportasi Bus CV. Makmur

This article aims to determine the effect of price and service quality on customer satisfaction for CV bus transportation. Prosperous. The research method used is a quantitative associative method. The population in this study were CV bus transportation customers. Makmur and the research sample was 100 respondents while the data obtained used a questionnaire with a Likert scale and was analyzed using multiple linear regression tests. The results of the research after analysis show that from a partial test it is known that the price and service quality variables have a significant and positive influence on customer satisfaction. This is proven by the fact that H1 has a t value = 2.254 > t table = 1.66 with a significance of 0.026 < 0.05, while H2 is proven by a t value of 7.548 > t table = 1.66 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05. Furthermore, after simultaneous analysis, it shows that the price and service quality variables have a significant and positive influence on customer satisfaction. This is proven by the calculated F value = 85.768 > F table = 3.09 with a significance of 0.00 < 0.05. This study concludes that price and service quality have a partial and simultaneous effect on customer satisfaction.

Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Bus Crashes in City Bus Transport: Case of Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), India

Road crashes are one of the leading causes of deaths in the world and are causing a significant loss to the economy. Public transport, whether road or rail based, is considered the safest mode of travel for most people across the globe. This study examines bus safety in India, in particular Delhi, the capital of India. A detailed spatial and temporal analysis of Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) bus crashes was conducted using Kernel Density Estimation to identify hot-spots and crash-prone corridors of crashes involving DTC buses. From 2015-2019, the majority of people injured in crashes involving DTC buses were vulnerable road users (78%) including the death of 55 people (22% of crashes). Recommendations to prevent bus crashes include bus modification, improvements to infrastructure for bus travel (e.g., bus stops, bus bays) and overall road safety measures (e.g., reduced speed).

Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Demonstrates Variations in the Quality of Ventilation on Public Transportation Buses and University Student Shuttle Vans and Identifies Effective Interventions.

There is a risk for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses in motor vehicles, particularly if ventilation is inadequate. We used carbon dioxide monitoring to examine the quality of ventilation in several public transportation buses and in university student shuttle vans in the Cleveland metro area during peak and non-peak travel times. Carbon dioxide levels above 800 parts per million (ppm) were considered an indicator of suboptimal ventilation for the number of people present. In the shuttle vans, we evaluated the impact of an intervention to improve ventilation. In large articulated buses with 2 ventilation systems, carbon dioxide concentrations never exceeded 800 ppm, whereas in standard buses with 1 ventilation system concentrations rose above 800 ppm during peak travel times and on some trips during non-peak travel times. In shuttle vans, the ventilation system was not turned on during routine operation, and carbon dioxide levels rose above 800 ppm on all trips during peak and non-peak travel times. In the shuttle vans, an intervention involving operation of the existing ventilation system resulted in a significant reduction in carbon dioxide levels (mean concentration, 1,042 no intervention versus 785 with intervention; P < 0.001). Our findings demonstrate substantial variability in the quality of ventilation in public transportation buses and university shuttle vans. There is a need for efforts to assess and optimize ventilation in motor vehicles used for public transportation to reduce the risk for aerosol-mediated transmission of respiratory viruses. Carbon dioxide monitoring may provide a useful tool to assess and improve ventilation.

A novel parsimonious spherical fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for sustainable urban transport solutions

Sustainable urban transport is the key factor for surviving the cities and developing the supply quality of the urban transport system has been esteemed in sustainable improvement for the cities. This work attempts to provide a sustainable and efficient solutions for ameliorating public bus transport system in Dublin city, Ireland. The developed system will attract private car users, which interns will achieve detract CO2 emissions, minimize traffic congestions and maximize commuter satisfaction. To evaluate this complex problem, the novel Parsimonious Analytic Hierarchy Process (P-AHP) is structured in a spherical fuzzy environment. The parsimonious spherical fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (P– SF-AHP) model considers as an efficient solution not only for evaluating a large number of alternatives or criteria when using AHP, however, it esteems the hesitant scoring of the decision maker. The results are demonstrated and analyzed in detail and the step-by-step description of the procedure might foment other applications of the model. The unique process for evaluating the supply quality of urban transport system consumes less time and effort during estimating the survey, moreover, it provides more consistent and reliable outcomes through avoiding the uncertainty and ambiguity of decision makers during evaluation process.

Optimization of Rural Demand-Responsive Transportation through Transfer Point Allocation

Rural mobility has a lack of innovative proposals in contrast with its urban counterpart. This research aims to bring solutions that ease the implementation of reliable and flexible rural transportation. Demand-responsive transportation is chosen to develop a public transportation service providing interurban trips among several rural settlements. Given the characteristics of rural displacement demand, a novel approach is introduced to optimize the service’s economic costs: the dynamic transfer point allocation. The problem is fully formulated and an architecture is introduced describing the workflow of the whole system. Data from an interurban bus transportation service are used to build a case study of a rural area of Valencia, Spain, and develop several examples illustrating the benefits of the proposed approach. The results reveal that the dynamic creation of transfer points can simplify the transportation fleet’s itineraries and boost the amount of served travel requests. Finally, a discussion of the benefits and dangers of flexible features in rural transportation is developed, underscoring the need to achieve a balance between dynamic operation and service quality.