Burnout Scale Research Articles

How does item wording affect participants' responses in Likert scale? Evidence from IRT analysis.

Researchers often combine both positively and negatively worded items when constructing Likert scales. This combination, however, may introduce method effects due to the variances in item wording. Although previous studies have tried to quantify these effects by using factor analysis on scales with different content, the impact of varied item wording on participants' choices among specific options remains unexplored. To address this gap, we utilized four versions of the Undergraduate Learning Burnout (ULB) scale, each characterized by a unique valence of item wording. After collecting responses from 1,131 college students, we employed unidimensional, multidimensional, and bi-factor Graded Response Models for analysis. The results suggested that the ULB scale supports a unidimensional structure for the learning burnout trait. However, the inclusion of different valences of wording within items introduced additional method factors, explaining a considerable degree of variance. Notably, positively worded items demonstrated greater discriminative power and more effectively counteracted the biased outcomes associated with negatively worded items, especially between the "Strongly Disagree" and "Disagree" options. While there were no substantial differences in the overall learning burnout traits among respondents of different scale versions, slight variations were noted in their distributions. The integration of both positive and negative wordings reduced the reliability of the learning burnout trait measurement. Consequently, it is recommended to use exclusively positively worded items and avoid a mix in item wording during scale construction. If a combination is essential, the bi-factor IRT model might help segregate the method effects resulting from the wording valence.

Measuring job demands and resources: Validation of the new job characteristic questionnaire (JCQ)

For the purpose of measuring job demands and resources, the Job characteristics questionnaire (JCQ) was created. The main aim of this study was initial validation of the JCQ and testing its psychometric properties. A total of 1201 respondents in five independent samples completed the JCQ along with the Work burnout scale (Kristensen et al., 2005), The Utrecht work engagement scale (Schaufeli et al., 2006), the Organisational citizenship behaviour scale (Popov, 2013), and the Intentions to leave the organisation scale (Berat et al., 2016). EFA and CFA performed on the two randomly created subsamples indicated an interpretable 9 factor solution of the JCQ. All extracted dimensions showed the expected intercorrelations, and for the most part meaningful correlations with other relevant variables. Based on the results of this preliminary analysis, the JCQ proved to be a comprehensive, valid and efficient instrument for measuring important job and organisational characteristics. It could be used in both academic and non-academic settings.

Job burnout and its influencing factors among village doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study is to understand the job burnout of village doctors during the COVID-19 epidemic and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for effectively alleviating the job burnout of village doctors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among village doctors in S province in December 2021. The survey included a general information questionnaire and the CMBI Burnout Scale. Epidata was used for dual input, and descriptive analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and binary Logistic regression for statistical analysis were used. A total of 993 village doctors participated in the survey. Most of them were male village doctors (62.84%), with an average age of 46.57 (SD = 7.50). Village doctors believed that the impact of the epidemic on work was serious, with a score of 3.87 ± 0.91. The economic support was small, with a score of 2.31 ± 0.99. The development space was low, with a score of 2.62 ± 0.98. The overall incidence of burnout was 53.47%. In the burnout group, 54.05% were mild, 33.14% were moderate, and 12.81% were severe. The high degree of difficulty in using WeChat (OR = 1.436, 95%CI: 1.229-1.679), high work pressure (OR = 1.857, 95%CI: 1.409-2.449), high risk of practice (OR = 1.138, 95%CI: 1.004-1.289), less economic support (OR = 0.825, 95%CI: 0.684-0.995), less technical support (OR = 0.696, 95%CI: 0.565-0.858), and poor emotional support (OR = 0.632, 95%CI: 0.513-0.780) were more likely to have job burnout. Burnout is a common phenomenon among village doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic, which needs to be prevented and alleviated by various measures.

Parent resilience, couple burnout, and misogyny in fathers with disabled children

This study aims to examine the relationship between parent resilience, couple burnout, and misogyny of fathers with disabled children, while also investigating the mediating effect of parent resilience on the relationship between misogyny and couple burnout. This study included a sample of 120 fathers whose children were attending a special education and rehabilitation center. Couple Burnout Scale Short Form, Misogyny Scale, Family Resilience Scale, and Personal Information Form were used as instruments in the study. The findings revealed a significant relationship between couple burnout and levels of misogyny, as well as a negative relationship between couple burnout and perception of parent resilience. Additionally, a negative relationship was observed between the level of misogyny and parent resilience. Importantly, parent resilience was found to mediate the relationship between level of misogyny and couple burnout, explaining 24.5% of the total variance. Based on these findings, it is recommended to prioritize psychological interventions that strengthen resilience of fathers with disabled children.

The Effect of Mindfulness Training on Core Self-Evaluation and Academic Burnout

Objective: This research aimed to examine the internal mechanism of core self-evaluation between mindfulness and academic burnout, and the effect of mindfulness interventions on reducing academic burnout. Methods: The study involved the assessment of 764 high school students using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES), and Academic Burnout Scale (ABS) to examine the relation between mindfulness, core self-evaluation, and academic burnout. Following this, a randomized controlled experimental design can be employed to evaluate the impact of interventions and conduct subsequent surveys.

Effectiveness of a Communication Skills Training Protocol on Improving Marital Burnout

Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate marital burnout and to determine the effectiveness of a communication skills training protocol. Methods: The experimental method employed was a single-subject design with multiple baselines, involving couples seeking counseling at the Raz City Clinic in Shiraz and the Clinic of the General Directorate of Exceptional Education in Fars Province, during the autumn of 2021. Among these couples, three pairs exhibiting the highest levels of marital burnout were selected using a purposive sampling method. The therapeutic program of the communication skills training protocol was conducted by the researcher over 10 sessions, followed by a follow-up in two stages, one month apart. The participants responded to the Marital Burnout Scale at the baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using visual analysis methods, the recovery percentage formula, and the reliable change index. Findings: Findings indicated that the communication skills training protocol enhanced marital quality and reduced marital burnout, with these effects being maintained during the follow-up phase. Conclusion: The treatment protocol proved to be effective, and couple therapists can utilize these communication skills in their work with couples to reduce marital burnout and enhance marital quality, particularly during the early years of marriage, where it can have a significant impact.

Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Intimacy, Marital Forgiveness, and Marital Burnout in Women Affected by Extramarital Relationships

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of acceptance-based therapy in enhancing intimacy and marital forgiveness and reducing marital burnout in women affected by extramarital relationships. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design, including a control group. The population consisted of all women affected by their husband's extramarital relationships who attended specialized family counseling centers in District 6 of Mashhad. From this group, 30 participants were selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Rey et al. (2001) Marital Forgiveness Scale, the Pines (1996) Marital Burnout Scale, and the Thompson and Walker (1983) Marital Intimacy Scale. Participants were then randomly assigned into three experimental groups and one control group, each consisting of 15 individuals. Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance with the Statistical Software Package SPSS-20. Findings: The findings indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in improving intimacy, marital forgiveness, and reducing marital burnout in women affected by extramarital relationships (P < 0.01). The results were also sustained at the follow-up stage. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in enhancing intimacy, forgiveness, and reducing marital burnout among women impacted by extramarital relationships, and this therapeutic approach can be utilized to address psychological issues in couples affected by extramarital relationships.

Prevalência e Correlações entre TDAH e Dimensões de Burnout em Universitários Brasileiros

Abstract This study aimed to verify the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Burnout Syndrome and the potential correlations between the dimensions of both conditions among Brazilian college students. A total of 751 students participated; 71.9% were women, aged 23 on average (SD = 3.46). The instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18), and the Maslach Burnout Scale for Students (MBI-SS). Regarding the sex variable, men scored lower for emotional exhaustion and higher for professional achievement. The inattention facet of ADHD was positively correlated with the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimension and negatively correlated with professional achievement, suggesting a connection between the disorder and the syndrome. This study is expected to contribute to the development of preventive programs and intervention protocols especially designed to promote the mental health of students attending public and private educational institutions and experiencing academic burnout.

경찰관기동대원의 소진척도 타당성 연구

As the Auxiliary Police system is completely abolished in 2023, riot police squads composed of police officers are replacing the role of existing auxiliary Police. However, the number of riot police force is only 30% of the existing auxiliary police force. There is a need to manage rallies and protests that are not decreasing due to insufficient police force, and to prevent riot police officers from turning over their duties, who must work at risk of injury, it is necessary to efficiently measure and manage their burnout level on a regular basis. Accordingly, this study was conducted to efficiently measure the level of burnout of riot police officers and verify the validity of this burnout scale in order to manage it on a regular basis. To determine whether the MBI scale, a representative burnout scale, is an appropriate scale for riot police officers, the validity was verified through descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the burnout scale of riot police officers was divided into three factors. A revised MBI scale consisting of 17 questions was presented, excluding 5 of the 22 questions of the original MBI scale. This study is significant in that it can be used as basic data for a program that increases the need and understanding of the burnout of riot police officers and manages it.

상담자 직무스트레스가 소진 및 직무열의에 미치는 영향에서 관계적 에너지의 매개효과

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of the relational energy of thesuperior and colleagues in the relationship between the counselor's job stress and burnout andjob engagement. The participants of the study were 303 counselors nationwide, and theyresponded to counselor's job stress scale, counselor's burnout scale, job engagement scale, andrelational energy scale. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the relationalenergy of colleagues partially mediated the relationship between counselor's job stress andburnout. Second, the relational energy of the superiors had no significant mediating effect in therelationship between the counselor's job stress and burnout. Third, the relational energy of thesuperior and colleagues fully mediated the relationship between the counselor's job stress andjob engagement. These results showed that the mediating role of the colleagues’ relationalenergy was more significant than that of superiors’ relational energy, and that the relationalenergy was more important in the relationship between job stress and job engagement thanbetween job stress and burnout.

Influencing Factors of Professional Identity, Health Behavior and their Correlation with Job Burnout in Nursing Staffs in Pension Institution

Objectives: In this study, we investigated factors impacting nurses' professional identity in elderly care institutions and their connection to occupational burnout. Methods: Using convenience sampling, 394 nurses from local elderly care facilities were surveyed from May 2022 to May 2023. The Elderly Nurses' Professional Identity Scale, Occupational Burnout Scale, and Health Behavior Scale were employed. Single-factor and multiple-factor logistic regression analyses identified risk factors influencing professional identity. Results: Results revealed a negative correlation (r = -0.392, p < .05) between professional identity and occupational burnout. We found statistically significant differences with respect to age, education, income, working hours, number of elderly cared for, family support, and professional qualification (p < .05). Multiple-factor regression showed that age ≥ 40 years, income ≤ 3000 yuan, working >10 hours, caring for >10 elderly individuals, and lack of family support were independent risk factors (OR = 0.608, 2.494, 0.555, 0.630, 2.638, p < 0.05) influencing professional identity. Additionally, nurses' health behavior was linked to occupational burnout.Conclusion: Nurses in elderly care institutions face low professional identity, which negatively correlates with occupational burnout. Factors such as advanced age, low income, high workload, and insufficient family support contribute to this. Moreover, nurses' health behavior significantly affects their burnout levels.

Türk Adölesan Öğrencilerde Okul Tükenmişliği ve Kariyer Kaygısı

High school is a period when adolescents often experience career anxiety. Career anxiety can increase school burnout, and school burnout can intensify career anxiety. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between adolescent students' burnout and career anxiety. This is a descriptive study. The 490 voluntary adolescent students studying at a state high school in Turkey constituted the sample of the research. The students have a mean age of 15.77 (SD = 3.46), and 55.3% are female. The total School Burnout Scale (SBS) mean score: 96.48 (SD = 12.20), and total Career Anxiety Scale (CAS) score: 49.56 (SD = 7.48) of the students. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the total score and subscale scores of SBS and CAS. Female students had statistically lower CAS scores and higher SBS compared to male students. Students whose mothers had a bachelor's/master's degree had lower CAS scores and higher SBS compared to students whose mothers had other education levels. Additionally, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between students' age and SBS total and CAS total scores (p

Investigation of burnout levels of special education teachers

The aim of this study was to investigate burnout levels of teachers working in special education schools according to different variables. 127 teachers from Üsküdar, Kadıköy, Ataşehir and Beykoz districts of the Anatolian side of Istanbul participated to the study. In this survey research the data was collected with the Maslach Burnout Scale. Personal information form for demographical data was also given to the participants. The statistical analyzes of the data was conducted in SPSS software package and the burnout levels of the participants were determined. According to the findings, the burnout levels of the teachers did not differ significantly in terms of gender and seniority variables. However, there is a significant difference in the subscale of emotional exhaustion among teachers with undergraduate and graduate degrees (t = -2,036, p

The Efficacy of Low-Dose Esketamine and Butorphanol in Treating Depression and Pain After Cesarean Section

Objective: To explore the efficacy of combining low-dose esketamine with butorphanol in treating depression and pain following cesarean section. Methods: 100 cases of elective cesarean section were selected and randomly assigned into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. All parturients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria received spinal anesthesia, maintaining the anesthesia level at T6. In the esketamine group, the dosage regimen comprised esketamine 0.5 mg/kg and butorphanol 10 mg, diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection to 100 mL. The control group received butorphanol 10 mg, diluted similarly. Analgesia in both groups commenced after cutting the umbilical cord, with a loading volume of 2 mL, a background infusion dose set to 2 mL/h, and patient-controlled analgesia at 2 mL with an effective interval time of 30 minutes. The main indicators included the maternal burnout scale (MBS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain to assess postpartum depression and pain after surgery. Results: No significant differences were observed in MBS scores between the two groups on postoperative days 1 to 9 (P > 0.05). Postpartum depression was not detected in either group. Pain NRS scores at 24 and 48 hours after surgery, including incision and uterine contraction pain, showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Tramadol rescue was not administered to any patients in either group. Additionally, no adverse reactions requiring drug intervention occurred in either group. Conclusion: This study concluded that the combination of low-dose esketamine with butorphanol did not further optimize the analgesic effect of butorphanol but significantly improved postpartum depression after cesarean section. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of the ketamine postoperative analgesia regimen on postpartum analgesia and depression.

Association between burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder among frontline nurse during COVID-19 pandemic: Amoderated mediation analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among frontline nurses who went to assist the epidemic situation in Wuhan, China, during the outbreak in 2020. The study also explored the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of age in the main relationship. The relationship between burnout and PTSD in nurse has rarely been investigated in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understand the relationship between these variables can provide empirical evidence for developing interventions and protocols that improve the health of nurses in future public health emergencies. An online cross-sectional survey of targeted local 327 nurses who went to assist the COVID-19 epidemic situation in Wuhan during the initial outbreak. This study was conducted in August 2020, the burnout scale, the PTSD scale and the depression scale were used to survey participants. The moderated mediation model was used to test research hypotheses. Burnout could affect the PTSD symptoms in nursing staffs and depression could mediate this relationship. Age moderated the relationship between burnout/depression and PTSD, and the effects was strong and significant among younger participants in the relationship between burnout and PTSD. Burnout was identified as a core risk factor of PTSD in nurses. Depression and age played significant roles in the relationship between burnout and PTSD. PTSD, as a symptom that manifests after experiencing a stressful event, should be a key concern among frontline healthcare professionals. This study suggests that PTSD in nurses can be further reduced by reducing burnout. Attention should also be paid to the PTSD status of nurses of different age groups. Patients and the public were not involved in the design and implementation of this study. Frontline nurses completed an online questionnaire for this study.

Classroom Emotional Climate and School Burnout in Secondary School Students: A Hierarchical Regression Model

This study aims to examine the relationship between gender, grade level, classroom emotional climate and school burnout levels of secondary school students. Using a correlational research design, data were collected by random sampling method in this study. The study included a sample of 404 students enrolled in secondary schools located in Batman city, Turkey. Personal information form, Classroom Emotional Climate Scale and Elementary School Student Burnout Scale for Grades 6-8 were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analyses were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that there were significant negative correlations between the positive classroom emotional climate and school burnout and significant positive correlations between the negative classroom emotional climate and school burnout. Also, the findings obtained from the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that both positive and negative classroom emotional climate significantly predicted school burnout even after controlling for the potential effects of gender and grade level. These results suggest that interventions that focus on increasing the positive classroom emotional climate and simultaneously reducing the negative classroom emotional climate may effectively reduce school burnout among adolescents despite gender and grade level differences.

Effects of environmental and genetic interactions on job burnout in coal miners: interactions between occupational stress, coping styles, and NR3C2 gene polymorphisms.

To investigate the current situation regarding occupational burnout among coal miners, explore the relationship between NR3C2 gene polymorphism and occupational burnout, and analyze the influence of the interaction between environment and gene on occupational burnout. This study provides a scientific basis for formulating health strategies to combat job burnout. A total of 1,500 first-line coal mine workers were selected by cluster random sampling, and the job burnout scale, job content questionnaire (JCQ), and simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) were used for the questionnaire survey. A total of 150 workers were randomly selected from the high burnout group and the low burnout group, and a total of 300 workers were selected as the research objects to examine the relationship between gene polymorphism, environment-gene interactions and burnout. This study employed iMLDRTM genotyping technology for NR3C2 gene (rs5522, rs2070950) polymorphism analysis. The relationship between the occurrence of job burnout, occupational stress, coping styles and the NR3C2 gene was analyzed. Finally, a total of 1,282 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective recovery rate of 85.5%. The study included 128 participants (10%) with zero burnout, 400 (31.2%) with mild burnout, 649 (50.6%) with moderate burnout and 105 (8.2%) with severe burnout. There were significant differences in the rate of burnout among miners with respect to sex, age, working years, educational level, shifts, and marital status (P < 0.05). The difference in occupational stress between the different job burnout groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the GG genotype of rs2070950 of the NR3C2 gene, the CC genotype was identified as a susceptibility gene for occupational burnout (P < 0.05). In respect to rs5522, rs2070950, occupational stress, positive coping, and negative coping, the low-risk group was unlikely to suffer from job burnout compared with the high-risk group (OR = 0.103, 95%CI: 0.058-0.182). In addition to demographic characteristics, occupational stress and negative coping styles were also identified as risk factors for job burnout. The interaction between locus rs5522, locus rs2070950, occupational stress, positive response, and negative response were found to affect the incidence of occupational burnout.

DEPRESSION, RESILIENCE AND INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RUMINATION AND COVID-19 BURNOUT.

This study aims at investigating the mediating role of rumination and COVID-19 burnout in the relationship among depression, resilience and intolerance of uncertainty. This is a correlational study. The study sample is composed of 436 (F=259, M=177) Turkish university students recruited via convenience sampling method. The participants responded to the Depression Scale, COVID-19 Burnout Scale, Rumination Scale, Resilience Scale and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale face to face. The model that was developed within the scope of the current study was tested via path analysis, which is a technique of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The study findings show that resilience and intolerance of uncertainty predict depression and rumination at a statistically significant level. Moreover, rumination directly predicts COVID-19 burnout, while COVID-19 burnout predicts depression. On the other hand, indirect effect modelling shows that resilience predicts depression with the mediating effect of rumination and COVID-19 burnout at a statistically significant level. Lastly, intolerance of uncertainty predicts depression with the mediating effect of rumination and COVID-19 burnout at a statistically significant level. The current findings suggest that an increase in the level of intolerance of uncertainty and a decrease in the level of resilience increase rumination, which in turn increases depression by increasing COVID-19 burnout.

Emotional Intelligence and its Relationship to Psychological Burnout among Yarmouk University Employees

The study aimed to reveal the level of both the emotional intelligence and the psychological burnout and the relation between them among Yarmouk University employees. The study relied on the correlational descriptive approach. The sample of the study consisted of (340) employees (172 males and 168 females) who were selected by the convenience sampling method in the summer semester of the academic year (2020/2021). In order to achieve the objectives of the study, emotional intelligence scale (Schutte et al., 1998), and the psychological burnout scale (Maslach et al., 1996) were used. The results of the study showed that the level of emotional intelligence among Yarmouk University employees came to high level, while the level of psychological burnout came to low level, and there was a negative statistically significant correlation between them. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of emotional intelligence due to the variable of gender, but there were statistically significant differences due to the experience, in favor of more than 10 years, as well as to the educational level, in favor of graduate studies. The results of the study as well showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of psychological burnout due to the variable of gender in favor of males, to the experience in favor of 10 years or less, and due to the educational level in favor of a bachelor's degree or less. The study recommended conducting more studies on the issue of psychological burnout with other variables.

Influence of Job Burnout on Decision-Making and Coping With Stress Among Nurses.

Job burnout is highly prevalent among health care workers. This study determined the effect of job burnout on decision-making and coping with stress among nurses. Two hundred seventy-seven nurses in Xijing Hospital were investigated using the Job Burnout Scale, Decision Scale, and Simple Stress Coping Style Scale. The total score of job burnout was 107.8 ± 16.479 (severe burnout) and clinical decision-making consciousness was 123.75 ± 16.094 (moderate decision-making consciousness). No statistical differences existed in different gender samples (P > .05). Burnout and clinical decision-making awareness of clinical nurses were stronger than nursing interns and regular trainee nurses, but the occupational pressure of nursing interns was the highest (P < .05). Marital status also showed significant differences in job burnout; unmarried nurses were more prone to burnout (P < .05). In conclusions, burnout is a serious issue among nurses, which is closely related with clinical decision-making awareness, negative coping, and occupational stress. Nurse identity and marital status had significant effects on burnout.