Burkina Research Articles

Evaluation of a collection of rice landraces from Burkina Faso for resistance or tolerance to Rice yellow mottle virus.

A collection of accessions of Burkina Faso rice germplasm was evaluated for resistance using four Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) isolates: Ng122, Ng144, B27 and BF1. B27, an isolate from Benin was used first, followed by Ng122 and Ng144 (isolates from Niger), and BF1 an aggressive isolate from Burkina Faso was used last to assess the accessions status against RYMV. Fourteen-day-old plantlets were inoculated and symptoms scored fortnightly from 14 to 56 days post inoculation (dpi). Plant height of all accessions was recorded at 49 dpi with isolates Ng122 and Ng144. The Oryza sativa accessions of the collection were highly susceptible except one (BM24), which combined partial resistance and tolerance. Twenty one O. glaberrima accessions out of 48 were found resistant to Ng122 and Ng144. When these 21 accessions were subsequently screened with the aggressive RYMV strain BF1, eight of them displayed a delay in the appearance of RYMV symptoms while two showed resistance. The new sources of resistance identified in this study, could be exploited in breeding to control the spread of RYMV in Africa.

BURKINA FASO: Is Land Reform Working?

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 50, Issue 9 p. 20121B-20121C Policy and Practice BURKINA FASO: Is Land Reform Working? First published: 17 April 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.05387.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume50, Issue9November 2013Pages 20121B-20121C RelatedInformation

P5.009 Performance of Cervical Cancer Screening Tests in HIV Positive Women in Africa: Influence of CD4 Counts

BackgroundTo evaluate strategies for cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive African women, against histological CIN endpoints.Methods P5.009 Table 1 Prevalence of CIN2+, and performance of screening tests singly or in combination...

P3.223 HPV Genotype Distribution in HIV-Positive African Women and Associations with High Grade Histological Lesions by CD4+ Count

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors for high-risk HPV among HIV-positive African women, and associations with cervical histological lesions.MethodsThe HARP study enrolled HIV-positive women aged 25–50 in...

P3.229 Prevalence and Correlates of Mycoplasma Genitalium in HIV-Positive African Women

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) among HIV-positive African women and its associations with cervical infections and disease, other STI signs and CD4+ counts.MethodsThe HARP study aims to...

Tensions normatives et rapport des femmes à la contraception dans 4 pays africains

Les analyses classiques sur les obstacles au recours à la contraception en Afrique se centrent sur la valeur sociale attribuée à une fécondité élevée, la peur des effets secondaires et l’accès à l’offre. Cet article caractérise l’ensemble des situations qui peuvent être à l’origine d’une grossesse non prévue et identifie les logiques sociales qui en favorisent la survenue. Deux cents entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés dans les capitales du Burkina Faso, du Ghana, du Maroc et du Sénégal en 2006-2007 dans le cadre de l’enquête Emergency Contraception in Africa (ECAF). Les analyses montrent que le respect simultané des normes procréatives et des normes en matière de sexualité, où domine un double standard qui prône l’interdit de la sexualité prémaritale pour les jeunes filles et le primat du plaisir sexuel masculin, favorise les rapports sexuels où la contraception n’est pas ou mal utilisée. Les facteurs sont relativement semblables dans les quatre pays ; toutefois le degré de rigidité des normes concernées diffère d’un pays à l’autre, notamment en matière de sexualité préconjugale. Finalement, la question d’une pratique efficace de la contraception va bien au-delà des « besoins non satisfaits », concept central dans la littérature qui se focalise sur la non-utilisation de la contraception.

Assessment of possible hybridization between Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and other Malvaceae species (Abelmoschus spp. and Hibiscus spp.) cultivated in Burkina Faso

The cultivation of transgenic cotton in Burkina Faso should consider the possible hybridizations with cultivated cotton relatives like okra (Abelmoschus spp.) and roselle (Hibiscus spp.), when these crops are often sympatric and co-flowering. The possibility for Bt cotton and these crops to outcross was investigated in Farako-Bâ research centre, in the south sudanian zone. The study was carried out in 2007 using both open-pollinated and artificial pollination experimental designs. Results show that the studied species are effectively reproductively isolated because of low overlapping of their optimum flowering periods. In the case of the artificial crossings (direct and reciprocal) between the studied species and the Bt cotton, the results show that fruits were produced at different rates depending on the species being crossed and the crossing direction. Immunological tests done on progeny seeds resulting from the crosses with transgenic cotton as the male parent confirmed that there was a transfer of transgenes from Bt cotton to the conventional cotton (99.2%). The absence of the transgenes in the seeds of okra and roselle means that these seeds are not the result of intergeneric hybridization but could be attributed to self-pollination or parthenogenetic development of un-fertilized ovules. Key words: Transgenic cotton, relatives’ species, intergenera hybridizations, immunological test, Burkina Faso.

Factors associated with female genital mutilation in Burkina Faso

While the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) has been abandoned in western countries, it remains common in many African countries from Senegal to Somalia, in the Middle East, in some parts of South-East Asia and even among immigrant communities in Europe, North America and Australia. Previous studies in Burkina Faso reported a high prevalence (77%) of FGM among 15 to 49 years old women and described the commitment of the government of Burkina Faso to end this practice. Little is known about the effect of this effort on the trend of FGM in the country. This study examined whether the prevalence of FGM changed overtime and identified the factors associated with this practice. Data from the 2010 multistage household survey of 15 to 49 years old Burkinabe women were analyzed. Simple frequency and logistic regression were used to meet the study objectives. Of the 3,289 women who participated in the survey, 68.1% had undergone FGM. Among those who had a daughter (n = 2258), 18.7% had a circumcised daughter. Young age [15 to 24 years (odd ratio (OR): 0.26. 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21 to 0.31) or 25 to 34 years (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.48 to 0.72)], ethnicity [Gourmatche ethnic group (OR: 0.48, 95%CI 0.31 to 0.73)], religion [Muslim (OR: 1.53, 95%CI 1.09 to 2.14)], and social support from community leaders (OR: 1.37, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.75) were significantly associated with the FGM among women in Burkina Faso. Although, FGM is associated with serious health risks, its prevalence remains unacceptably high in Burkina Faso. Social marketing interventions targeting community social norms, raising the community awareness about FGM, and empowering women to make informed decisions for their daughters are needed in order to end this deeply rooted tradition. Key words: Female genital mutilation, prevalence, predictors, social norms, Burkina Faso.

Quelle pérennité pour les interventions pilotes de gratuité des soins au Burkina Faso ?

Cette étude qualitative apprécie la pérennité de deux interventions de suppression du paiement des soins au profit des femmes enceintes, des enfants de moins de cinq ans et des indigents au Burkina Faso. Les résultats montrent l’importance du processus de pérennisation, notamment de la prise de risques dans la gestion de l’intervention, ainsi que de la disponibilité des ressources nécessaires à sa continuité. Ces deux éléments ont été centraux dans la différence de pérennité entre les deux interventions. L’étude montre également que la pérennité d’une intervention n’est pas réductible à la démonstration de son efficacité. D’autres facteurs, qui n’ont cependant pas bénéficié de suffisamment d’attention jusqu’à présent, exercent une réelle influence, telles que l’approche adoptée pour la mise en œuvre des interventions et la perception des leaders de l’organisation cible envers les groupes bénéficiaires des interventions.

BURKINA FASO: Parliamentary Elections

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 49, Issue 12 p. 19520B-19521A Internal Developments BURKINA FASO: Parliamentary Elections First published: 24 January 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2013.04842.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume49, Issue12January 2013Pages 19520B-19521A RelatedInformation

Genetically modified cotton: Experience of a crop year in Burkina Faso

Cet article met en question l’opportunite d’introduire des cotonniers genetiquement modifies au sein des systemes de production paysans au Burkina Faso. La commercialisation de la technologie Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) a suscite en effet de nombreuses interrogations, particulierement parce qu’elle est intervenue dans un contexte de crise de la filiere cotonniere. Cet article confronte les resultats obtenus par des producteurs de coton Bt et de coton conventionnel dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso lors de la campagne agricole 2009-2010. Il met en evidence un defaut de connaissance des producteurs sur cette innovation, particulierement en matiere de protection phytosanitaire, qui influe sur les rendements obtenus et donc sur les benefices economiques escomptes grâce a cette technologie. En outre, il montre le risque financier encouru par les producteurs de coton Bt les moins equipes, particulierement en cas d’accident pluviometrique, qui doivent acheter la semence a 27 000 francs CFA (FCFA) pour un hectare de cotonnier. Ces resultats plaident, entre autres, pour le renforcement des services d’appui-conseil aux producteurs qui permettrait une meilleure formation des paysans a l’utilisation du coton Bt.

Les défis de l'agriculture paysanne : le cas du Burkina Faso

Résumé Cet article analyse les problèmes actuellement rencontrés par l’agriculture paysanne, dans un premier temps de façon générale (partie 1), puis dans le cas précis d’un pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, le Burkina Faso (partie 2), avant de proposer une série de pistes de réflexion pour entrevoir un avenir meilleur des sociétés paysannes (partie 3).

O400 PERINATAL HEALTH IN RURAL BURKINA FASO – A STUDY OF 452 BIRTHS IN THE REGIONAL HOSPITAL IN DORI, BURKINA FASO

International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 119, Issue S3 p. S402-S402 Free communication (oral) presentations O400 PERINATAL HEALTH IN RURAL BURKINA FASO – A STUDY OF 452 BIRTHS IN THE REGIONAL HOSPITAL IN DORI, BURKINA FASO J. Lindert, J. LindertSearch for more papers by this authorG. Sieben, G. SiebenSearch for more papers by this authorR. Breitbach, R. BreitbachSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Wacker, J. WackerSearch for more papers by this author J. Lindert, J. LindertSearch for more papers by this authorG. Sieben, G. SiebenSearch for more papers by this authorR. Breitbach, R. BreitbachSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Wacker, J. WackerSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 October 2012 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(12)60830-3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume119, IssueS3Abstracts of XX FIGO World Congress of Gynecology and ObstetricsOctober 2012Pages S402-S402 RelatedInformation

Interventions de subvention du paiement des soins renforcent l'empowerment des communautés au Burkina Faso

OBJECTIVE: This research project assesses the impact of care subsidy interventions on the empowerment of members of community health services Management Committees (MCs) and their organization in Burkina Faso. PARTICIPANTS: The data collection took place in 2010 in 8 primary care centres over 6 months with 140 people. Location: Three health districts of Burkina Faso (Dori, Sebba and Ouargaye). INTERVENTION: Since 2006, the government subsidizes 80% of emergency neonatal and obstetrical costs for pregnant women. Since 2008, an NGO assumes the remaining 20% and subsidizes 100% of health care costs for children under 5 in Dori and Sebba. In addition, a payment exemption strategy for indigents has been organized at the community level in all three districts. RESULTS: Interventions have strengthened MC members’ and their organization’s power to act. This has translated into an increased capacity to get involved in the resolution of health problems within the community. The NGO’s intervention specifically in Dori and Sebba has led to even greater empowerment there than in Ouargaye. CONCLUSION: Subsidizing care payments at points of service significantly enhances the potential for increasing the empowerment of MC members and their organization.

Vitamin A supplementation of young children in Burkina Faso, and risk factors for non‐coverage

BackgroundHigh‐dose vitamin A supplements (VAS) are distributed to children 6–59 mo in Burkina Faso (BF) twice yearly.ObjectiveTo assess VAS coverage in southwestern BF and factors associated with missed coverage.MethodsA cross‐sectional household survey was conducted in 106 villages in the Orodara Health District. Caregivers with children aged <27 mo were shown a photo of the VAS capsules and asked whether their child received VAS in the past 6 mo.Results8,892 caregivers of 10,490 children <27 mo were interviewed. Among children 6–27 mo who were eligible to receive VAS, 94.3% reportedly received VAS in the previous 6 mo. Coverage was lower in urban areas (89.6% urban vs. 94.9% rural, p<0.0001), among children of younger mothers (p=0.001) and in selected communities. Among all children who received VAS, 18.7% were younger than the age minimum of 6 mo.ConclusionVAS coverage was high, but specific targeting of urban areas and children of younger mothers may further increase coverage. Focus on targeted age range will require reinforcement of staff training.Financial support from the Thrasher Research Fund and the Canadian International Development Agency.

A guideline for sizing Photovoltaic panels across different climatic zones in Burkina Faso

In many developing countries a long time series of solar radiation measurements are not often available. This is due to the cost, maintenance and calibration requirements of measuring devices. Consequently, the use of solar energy by Photovoltaic (PV) conversion copes with the choice and the optimization of the PV system. This work concerned the analysis of climate parameters strongly influencing the Photovoltaic (PV) systems energy production and the simulation of an ideal system based on a single PV module. Estimation and analysis of time series of climate parameters covered a set of six weather stations with respect to the three climatic zones in Burkina Faso (BF), over 38 years. The analysis showed that the solar irradiation in BF lies between 3 kWh/m2/day and 7.5 kWh/m2/day. The highest values of the solar irradiation are measured in the Northern part of the country while lowest values are measured in the Southern part. Daily mean temperature for all weather stations was greater than the Standard Test Condition (STC) temperature (25°C) over a long period of the year. Information on solar irradiation and temperature is fundamental for PV systems sizing process. For PV performance evaluation, a simulation is carried out using an ideal system composed of a single PV module from TENESOL Company. This simulation is performed for three classes of climatic conditions "Mean situation", "Adverse situation", and "Beneficial situation", and evaluated for six sitesacross BF. The results revealed intra-annual and spatial variability of Maximum Power (MP). Across BF, MP varied between 60 W/day and 190 W/day in Sahelian zone, between 65 W/day and 185 W/day in soudano-sahelian zone, and between 67 W/day and 208 W/day in Soudanian zone. MP intra-annual variability is higher during the period July-August, mainly for "Beneficial situation". The negative effect of temperature on PV energy production is specially amplified in Sahelian zone due to its highest temperatures. This study allowed to estimate and evaluate the role of climatic parameters on the energy production of PV and can be used as a guide in PV panels sizing.

Marketing of forage in the urban zone of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso): Market activities and economic returns

Au Burkina Faso, l’alimentation des ruminants domestiques repose sur les pâturages naturels et les residus de culture. Or, dans les zones peripheriques des grandes villes, il est de plus en plus difficile pour les troupeaux d’acceder aux pâturages naturels. Se pose alors la question de l’approvisionnement en fourrages des elevages de ruminants urbains qui n’ont pas d’acces direct aux pâturages comme cela est le cas en milieu rural. Pour satisfaire les besoins croissants en fourrages des elevages urbains et periurbains en plein essor, des marches d’aliments fourragers se developpent dans les grands centres urbains. Entre decembre 2007 et mars 2008, nous avons realise une etude dont l’objectif general etait de caracteriser le commerce de fourrages sur les marches de la zone urbaine de Bobo-Dioulasso. Vingt et un marches d’aliments fourragers dont 15 permanents et 6 saisonniers ont ete inventories a travers la ville. Sur ces marches, 68 commercants ont ete interviewes. Trente especes fourrageres ont ete identifiees. Les especes les plus vendues etaient par ordre d’importance decroissante Andropogon gayanus, Echinochloa stagnina, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Rottboellia exaltata pour les herbacees naturelles, Vigna unguiculata et Arachis hypogea pour les residus de culture, enfin Pterocarpus erinaceus pour les fourrages ligneux. Les quantites de fourrages commercialisees etaient maximales en saison seche, avec un pic en decembre. Le revenu net d’exploitation au cours de l’annee etait de 667 000 F CFA pour les preleveurs-vendeurs commercialisant des herbes naturelles et des residus de culture de contre-saison a l’etat frais. Il etait de 1 269 000 F CFA pour les vendeurs simples de fanes d’arachide et de niebe a l’etat sec. L’etude a revele que la commercialisation des fourrages etait une activite financierement rentable mais qu’il etait necessaire que les acteurs de cette filiere soient mieux organises pour assurer sa durabilite.

BURKINA FASO: Policemen Jailed

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 48, Issue 8 p. 18949C-18950A BURKINA FASO: Policemen Jailed First published: 14 September 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2011.04032.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume48, Issue8September 2011Pages 18949C-18950A RelatedInformation

Mycobacterium africanum did not disappear from Burkina Faso

Mycobacterium africanum did not disappear from Burkina Faso

Meningitis epidemic costs “significant” in Burkina Faso

Meningitis epidemic costs “significant” in Burkina Faso