Buongiorno Nanofluid Research Articles

Galerkin finite element solution for electromagnetic radiative impact on viscid Williamson two-phase nanofluid flow via extendable surface

Williamson nanofluids (WNF) thermal and flow characteristics were explored in this study using Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), porous medium, viscous dissipation, thermal radiative, Joule heating, Brownian, thermophoresis diffusion, and convective boundary constraints. To assess the performance of WNF, two different nanoparticles (Aluminum Alloys (AA7072) and Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V) are used, coupled with engine oil (EO) as a base fluid. Using a modified Buongiorno nanofluid model with entropy analysis, the mathematical flow modeling of the nanofluid could be completed. The influences of thermal radiation, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation are all considered in the determination of the heating phenomena. Using an exponentially similar parameter, the governing (PDEs) set of equations is translated into the suitable structure of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resultant ODE issue is numerically solved using the COMSOL software's Galerkin finite element approach. Graphically depicted are significant results in terms of many variables versus heat, frictional force, Nusselt number, and entropy generation. The work's notable finding is that, in opposed to previous liquids, the heat conductivity in Williamson phenomena progressively rises. The entropy of the system increases as the volume proportion of nanoparticles, thermal radiation, Weissenberg number, Biot number, and Reynolds number increase. The main finding is that aluminum alloys-engine oil based nanofluid is a better heat conductance than titanium alloys-engine oil nanofluid. Moreover, the temperature outline is improved to increase the estimates of the thermal Biot and Weissenberg numbers.

Eyring-Powell nano liquid flow through permeable elongated sheet conveying inclined magnetic field subject to constructive chemical reaction and multiple slip effects

ABSTRACT The present study examines the multiple slip effects and constructive chemical reaction on Eyring-Powell nanoliquid through a permeable elongated sheet on an inclined magnetic field. The energy balance equation includes Heat and Joule dissipation terms. The renowned Buongiorno nanofluid model is employed extensively to explore the thermophoresis and Brownian motion phenomena. The primary partial differential equations (PDEs) of governing flow phenomena are remodeled to non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by adopting proper similarity invariants. Runge-Kutta 4th order quadrature employing shooting technique is utilized to transform boundary value problem to initial value problem to seek numerical results via graphs and tables on physically interesting parameters. Current outcomes are validated through the comparison with previously published studies. An applied magnetic field slows down the fluid and raises both thermal and solutal boundary layers. It is significant to notice that the thermal boundary layer rises, as the Brownian and Thermophoresis are amplified.

Significance of magnetic field and stratification effects on the bioconvective stagnation-point flow of ferro-nanofluid over a rotating stretchable disk: Four-factor response surface methodology

Owing to its practical application in pharmaceuticals, biosensors, medical instruments, bio-chromatography, microchip pump, biomedical science, micro-actuators, and aerodynamics, the bioconvective stagnation-point flow over a whirling extendible disk is investigated. The nanomaterial flow has been modeled using the modified Buongiorno nanofluid model. The impact of the stratification constraints and magnetic field are also accounted. Von Kármán's similarity transformations are employed and the transmuted nonlinear ODEs are resolved using the finite-difference based bvp5c routine. MATLAB generated flow profiles have been analyzed for augmentations in the influential parameter values. It is found that the nanofluid temperature elevates with an augmentation in the volume fraction of magnetite nanoparticles and depletes with an augmentation in the thermal stratification parameter. The highest mass transfer rate is experienced for smaller values of solutal stratification parameter. The influence of magnetic field parameter (0.2≤M≤1.8), thermal stratification parameter (0.1≤S1≤0.5), volume fraction of magnetite nanoparticles 0.01≤ϕ≤0.09, and velocity ratio parameter (0.1≤S≤0.5) on the heat transfer rate has been scrutinized statistically using a five-level four-factor response surface optimized model. A maximum error of 0.08% and the estimated coefficient of determination (99.99%) adjudge the correctness of the model. The heat transfer rate is observed to be negatively correlated with the thermal stratification parameter and the magnetic field parameter.

Thermal onset chemically reactive Oldroyd-B nanofluid with immersion of microorganism in three-dimensional accelerating frame

The current research effort focuses on the employment of nanoparticles for 3-D chemically reactive flow of an Oldroyd-B nanofluid caused by a bidirectional accelerating surface. The implication of thermal radiation is also taken into account. The main characteristics of nanofluids, such as Brownian motion and thermophoresis are investigated using classic Buongiorno nanofluid design. The suitable transformation has been used to decrease the relevant equation for the defined theoretical model, for which the exact method is determined using the method of homotopic. Following that, a comprehensive graphic assessment of dimensionless velocities, concentration, and temperature distribution, as well as their physical significance, is considered. Furthermore, interesting physical quantities such as local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are calculated and determined mathematically. The study stresses that increasing relaxation time reduces variation in both components of velocities, but the effect of continuous retardation time is exactly the reverse. For a while, larger combined convection and floating proportion parameters, the velocity distribution is said to have a rising movement in the horizontal plane. Furthermore, increasing the thermophoresis parameter improves temperature and centration distributions.

Bioconvection attribution for effective thermal transportation of upper convicted Maxwell nanofluid flow due to an extending cylindrical surface

The growth of compact density heat gadgets demands effective thermal transportation. The option of nanofluid plays a dynamic role in this requirement. This research shows the impact of gyrotactic microorganisms on non-Newtonian fluid (Maxwell fluid) passing on the expanding cylindrical surface. The main objective of the present observation is to determine the heat and mass transportation of Maxwell nanofluid. The convective boundary condition and zero mass flux conditions are incorporated. In mathematical derivation, the approximation of the boundary layer is applied. The primal motivation pertains to exaggerating the thermal transport of heat exchangers in industrial processes. To attain the effects of Brownian motion as well as thermophoresis the Buongiorno nanofluid is utilized. By assimilating suitable transformation, the concluding simultaneous for a non-linear set of equations is tackled numerically by hiring Runge-Kutta procedure. The coding is developed and run in the Matlab environment. The leading partial differential system is converted into an ordinary differential system. The role of emerging parameters is elaborated. Also tangible quantities i.e. Skin friction factor, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and motile density coefficient are enumerated. An accession in the magnetic field causes depreciation in the velocity profile. Where increment in Schmidt number Sc causes a decrement in Sherwood number. The suitable ranges of parameters where increasing or decreasing behavior becomes smooth are taken as 0.0 ≤ M ≤ 6.0, 0.0 ≤ γ ≤ 0.8, 0.7 ≤ Pr ≤ 1.0, 0.1 ≤ Nt ≤ 0.7, 0.01 ≤ Nb ≤ 0.1, 3.0 ≤ Sc ≤ 6.0, 2.0 ≤ Lb ≤ 7.0, 0.1 ≤ Pe ≤ 0.7 and 1.0 ≤ δ ≤ 7.0. The applications of the current study can be seen in chemical and metallurgical industries, the process of thermo-fluid, power generation, executed via condensers, cooling, and heating in large buildings, transportation, etc.

Levenberg Marquardt knacks-based intelligent networks for the magnetohydrodynamic third-grade fluid flow under activation energy and bio-convection

In the present study, numerical work is carried out to investigate the third-grade fluid flow model using the algorithm of Levenberg Marquardt with backpropagated neural networks. We inspect a two-dimensional, incompressible, and steady laminar flow over a stretched sheet with gyrotactic microorganisms, where the flow is electro-conductive and magnetized, and the flow is generated by the stretching. In the mathematical modeling, we used the Buongiorno nanofluid model. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations. These ordinary differential equations are solved by the Homotopy Analysis Method in the Mathematica software to generate the reference dataset with the various physical parameters. The approximated solution of the considered model is computed in MATLAB software using the reference dataset. By testing, training, and validation processes, we examined the correctness and the validation of the proposed model. These stochastic techniques have many applications in medicines, nanophysics, telecommunication industries, etc. The impacts of the variation of physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile density profiles are examined, where the results for Nusselt number, Entropy generation, Sherwood number and Motile density number are also discussed in the present article. The best performance values 1.34E−09, 1.03E−09, 9.22E−10, 1.34E−09, 1.18E−09, and 1.32E−08 are attained at 311, 595, 347, 297, 581 and 521 epochs, respectively, for different scenarios. The values of Gradient are 9.96E−08, 9.97E−08, 9.94E−08, 9.98E−08, 9.90E−08, and 9.93E−08, whereas the values of Mu are 1E−08, 1E−08, 1E−08, 1E−08, 1E−08 and 1E−08 at 281, 505, 459, 388, 181, and 410, respectively for various instances. The regression value is R = 1 for training, testing, and validation data. The absolute error values are 10-6 to 10-4, 10-7 to 10-4, 10-9 to 10-4, 10-7 to 10-4, 10-7 to 10-4, 10-7 to 10-3, 10-7 to 10-4, 10-7 to 10-4, 10-7 to 10-4, 10-7 to 10-2, 10-7 to 10-4, 10-7 to 10-3 and 10-7 to 10-2 for (I–XIII) scenarios.

Thermal and diffusion Cattaneo-Christov heat flux models on Walter’s-B Buongiorno nanofluid over an electromagnetic surface with second order velocity slip

The intension of the current study is to explore optimization in heat transfer using Cattaneo-Christovs thermal and the solutal diffusions along with heat source/sink which are non-uniform on a stagnation points flow of nanoWalter’s B fluid over an electromagnetic sheet subjected to the multiple slip mechanisms. This study also scrutinizes the role of electromagnetic fields. The flow equations are modified via incorporating suitable transformations into a self-similarity equalities. Further numerically solved by employing Runge–Kutta method of shooting technique. The acquired results shows good agreement with the previous published works. The noteworthy findings are- Walter’s B nanofluid which flow parallel to the electromagnetic sheet is assisted by the Lorentz force. Electromagnetic sheet can be used for better cooling since improvement in Hartmann declines thermal boundary layer. Augmentation in thermal, velocity, and the solutal slip parameter shrink the hydrodynamic, solutal and thermal boundary layer.

Insights of Heat and Mass Transfer in Magneto-Mixed Convective Sisko Nanofluid over a Wedge with Viscous Dissipation

The current analysis provides the important insights of Sisko nanofluid flow over a wedge with thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects. The Buongiorno nanofluid model, which includes Brownian movement and thermophoresis, is taken into consideration. Momentum, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration equations are used to simulate the current problem. The suitable similarity variables are applied to the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) which yield the dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The MATLAB function bvp4c has been used to resolve the resulting ODEs. The attributes of various flow parameters on the transfer rate of mass, heat, temperature, velocity, and nanoparticle concentration have been explored. The pressure gradient parameter boosts the mass transfer and velocity. Moreover, mixed convection leads to the decrement in thermal and nanoparticle concentration boundary layer. The obtained numerical findings are compared to published results in the literature by considering the particular cases to validate the current study and are seen to be in perfect accord.

Numerical investigation of EMHD nanofluid flows over a convectively heated riga pattern positioned horizontally in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium: application of passive control strategy and generalized transfer laws

This investigation provides a numerical analysis of electro-magneto-hydrodynamic (EMHD) nanofluid flows past a Riga pattern embedded horizontally in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. An advanced Buongiorno's nanofluid approach is linked physically with Cattaneo-Christov’s physical point of view and generalized Fick's law to formulate a more realistic non-homogeneous flow model, in which the convective heating and zero mass flux are chosen as suitable boundary conditions. In the framework of the boundary layer approximations, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via suitable similarity transformations, which are solved thereafter using a robust numerical procedure. Indeed, the adopted conservative laws describe reliably the foremost features of EMHD convective nanofluid flows, in which Darcy-Forchheimer's porous forces show a noticeable impact on the momentum boundary layer at a large scale. Besides, it is remarked that Darcy-Forchheimer's and Lorentz's forces strengthen the resulting frictional factor at the Riga surface. Furthermore, a significant enhancement in the wall heat transfer rate can be achieved practically by adjusting adequately the convective heating process and the electromagnetic planar support.

Buoyancy force and Arrhenius energy impacts on Buongiorno electromagnetic nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganism

In this study, an incompressible, steady, and magnetohydrodynamic flow of Buongiorno nanofluid through a stretchable surface has been analyzed by adopting a theoretical and numerical approach. This paper involves the impacts of buoyancy forces, thermal conductivity, chemically diffusion, and Arrhenius activation energy. Moreover, the influence of the suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms in the nanofluids is also a part of this study. It is assumed that the behavior of viscosity varies as a function of time and the suspension of microorganisms remain consistent throughout the study. A system of PDEs is reduced to a solvable system of ODEs by applying a suitable similarity transformation. For the sake of numerical solutions, the shooting method has been employed. Wolfram Mathematica has been used to deal with the BVP. In addition, the behaviors of different emerging parameters comprising velocity outline, temperature outline, concentration distribution, the density outline of gyrotactic microorganisms have also been demonstrated by graphical illustrations. From the extracted results, it has been observed that the rising values of viscosity of fluid produce a decline in the velocity parameter. Also, an increment has been noticed in the temperature profile for the growing behavior of the mixed convective factor.

Influence of metachronal ciliary wave motion on peristaltic flow of nanofluid model of synovitis problem

In this article, we have considered the effect of metachronal ciliary wave motion on the peristaltic flow of the Buongiorno nanofluid model for the synovitis problem. This study is additionally limited by the assumption of a low Reynolds number and lubrication theory approximations. An internal energy generation is also taken into account. Shear-thinning (model I) and shear-thickening (model II) for the concentration fluids are considered. The obtained dimensionless rheological equation is solved by using the homotopy perturbation Sumudu transformation method. The influence of various physical parameters on the dimensionless velocity, pressure rise, temperature, volume fraction, multi-sinusoidal waves, triangular waves, and streamlines has been analyzed. A trapping phenomenon is thoroughly examined. It is observed from the investigation that the shear-thinning (model I) and shear-thickening (model II) have completely distinct characteristics. The synovial fluid parameter shows opposite behavior on velocity and pressure rise profiles for models I and II, whereas the multi-sinusoidal wave and triangular wave forms retain the same shape of the waves as in the pressure gradient. These models can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as synovial fluids are present in joints. Fluid transfer in biological organs is improved by metachronal ciliary motion. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis can be treated with nanoparticles and ciliary motion. It is primarily due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and controlled release as well as their capacity to boost bioavailability and bioactivity of treatments and enable targeting the injured joints through the use of nanoparticles. In the limited scenario, the current work is in good accord with the earlier research, and it is analyzed through a graph.

Entropy Analysis on Pulsatile Flow of Couple Stress Nanofluid in a Vertical Channel: Buongiorno Nanofluid Model

The current work discloses the hydromagnetic flow of pulsating couple stress nanofluid in a vertical channel. The Buongiorno nanofluid model is employed in the present study with the entropy generation. The impressions of Ohmic and viscous dissipations, thermophoresis, thermal radiation, and Brownian motion are considered. The ruling partial differential equations are reduced into the set of ordinary differential equations by employing the perturbation method and then solved by utilizing the fourth order Runge-Kutta procedure with the support of shooting technique. The current concept is noteworthy in the field of energy conservation, dynamics of physiological fluids, and biomedicines. The influences of emerging parameters concerned with the current model on flow variables like velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration are analyzed in detail and interpreted with pictorial illustrations.

Numerical and analytical solutions for unsteady nanofluid flow capturing magneto-hydrodynamic and radiation effects

This study elaborates porous medium impact on boundary-layer nanofluid flow by a permeable surface. The Buongiorno's nanofluid model that captures simultaneous attributes of Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions is introduced for modeling and analysis. In addition, magneto-hydrodynamic and radiation aspects are also part of this research. The partial differential equations of considered nonlinear problems are reduced to the ordinary ones by similarity variables. Kellerbox and homotopic algorithms are utilized to solve the nonlinear differential problems. The obtained results from both techniques are compared. Besides, the pertinent parameters are addressed graphically. We witnessed a decay in fluid velocity subjected to an increment in the porosity parameter.

Rheology of magneto-micropolar nanoliquid toward radiative exponential surface subjected to Brownian motion, thermal radiation, thermophoresis and viscous dissipation

This article is concerned with the simultaneous effects of MHD and radiation on the boundary layer flow of micropolar nanofluid over a stretching sheet. The stretching velocity is assumed to vary exponentially. The considered Buongiorno nanofluid model encompasses Brownian movement and thermophoresis. Heat transfer is studied under thermal radiation and dissipation aspects. Porous medium term is included to capture Darcy’s effects. The nonlinear partial differential equations and selected boundary conditions are transformed first into the dimensionless form using transformations, then the resulting system is solved analytically using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The importance of physical variables is elaborated through pictorial representations. It is noticed that consideration of radiation aspect improves the fluid temperature.

Numerical analysis of Casson nanofluid three-dimensional flow over a rotating frame exposed to a prescribed heat flux with viscous heating

This study investigates heat transfer characteristics and three-dimensional flow of non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid over a linearly stretching flat surface in the rotating frame of a reference. The current model includes the Buongiorno nanofluid model comprises nanoparticles’ haphazard motion and thermo-migration. It also considered mechanisms for viscous heating and constant heat flux at the boundary. The nonlinear partial differential system modeling includes the non-Newtonian Casson fluid model and the boundary layer approximation. The system governing equations were nondimensionalized and numerically solved. A parametric study was conducted to analyze the significance of dimensionless parameters on velocities, the concentration, temperatures, Nusselt number, friction factors, and Sherwood number. The study reveals that the Casson nanoliquid temperature enhanced significantly due to the mechanisms of haphazard motion and thermo-migration. The momentum layer thickness of nano Casson fluid reduced due to the rotation phenomenon while the thermal layer structure amended notably. In the absence of rotation, there is no transverse velocity. The thermal layer structure is enhanced owing to the viscous heating process. The intense haphazard motion and thermo-migration mechanisms lead to maximum heat transfer rate at the plate. In addition, results show that the Coriolis force strength elevation shows similar axial and transverse velocities behavior. In addition, the nanoparticle concentration is observed higher due to the rotation aspect and Casson fluid parameter. Furthermore, the Casson fluid factor decreases with velocities, but the trend is the opposite for the high Casson fluid factor. The thermal and solute layer thickness growth is due to the nanoparticles’ thermo-diffusion. In conclusion, the larger rotation factor increases the friction factors. The maximum plate heat transfer rate is when higher Nb and Nt are higher.

Heat and mass transfer in stagnation point flow of cross nanofluid over a permeable extending/contracting surface: A stability analysis

This work aims at examining the thermophoresis and Brownian motion characteristics on the stagnation point flow of Cross nanofluid over a permeable stretching /contracting surface. Flow equations are modelled by means of the Buongiorno nanofluid model. The transformed non-linear fluid transport equations are solved numerically through Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF) approach. The temporal stability test is executed to reveal the behaviour of dual solution that arises for various initial guesses. To validate the present model, first and second solutions are compared with earlier published works which found good agreement. The fluctuations of velocity, heat and mass transfer distributions are scrutinized through the graphs with active parameters such as Wessienburg number, Brownian motion, Eckert number, and thermophoresis. The results exposed that the Brownian motion declines the rate of heat transfer for the first solution. Cross nanofluid velocity amplifies by rising Weissenberg number. By the impact of Eckert number, the second solution has a higher magnitude than the first solution. For the first solution, the cross nanofluid velocity rises when increasing the suction/injection parameter.

Finite element numerical technique for magneto-micropolar nanofluid flow filled with chemically reactive casson fluid between parallel plates subjected to rotatory system with electrical and Hall currents

ABSTRACT Steady electro-magnetohydrodynamic flow of a micropolar nanofluid in the attendance of reactive Casson fluid passing through parallel plates influenced by the rotating system with the implementation of Buongiorno nanofluid model is examined in this study. The momentum transport equation is enhanced by incorporating the electric field. In addition, the influence of reactive species has a vital role that is affecting the flow phenomenon in conjunction with a transverse magnetic field. The physical flow problem is modeled in the form of partial differential equations which are then transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity functions and then solved numerically by the usage of the finite element method and procured results are visualized graphically. The outcomes for flow rate, microrotation, temperature, concentration, and engineering quantities distributions are shown in terms of graphical presentation. Momentum and angular momentum transport progressively in nature as the Casson parameter grows. Opposite results of microrotational profiles are found for electric currents in comparison with Hall currents. Both thermophoresis and Brownian motion are found to be significant effects in improving heat transportation phenomena in nanofluids. The existing available literature was utilized to test for validation of the numerical findings.

Numerical Study of Magneto Convective Buongiorno Nanofluid Flow in a Rectangular Enclosure Under Oblique Magnetic Field with Heat Generation/Absorption and Complex Wall Conditions

Numerical Study of Magneto Convective Buongiorno Nanofluid Flow in a Rectangular Enclosure Under Oblique Magnetic Field with Heat Generation/Absorption and Complex Wall Conditions

Mixed Convective‐Radiative Dissipative Magnetized Micropolar Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Surface in Porous Media with Double Stratification and Chemical Reaction Effects: ADM‐Padé Computation

The present study deals with the electrically conducting micropolar nanofluid flow from a vertical stretching surface adjacent to a porous medium under a transverse magnetic field. Eringen’s micropolar model is deployed for non‐Newtonian characteristics and the Buongiorno nanofluid model employed for nanoscale effects (thermophoresis and Brownian motion). The model includes double stratification (thermal and solutal) and also chemical reaction effects, heat source, and viscous dissipation. Darcy’s model is employed for the porous medium and a Rosseland diffusion flux approximation for nonlinear thermal radiation. The nonlinear governing partial differential conservation equations are rendered into nonlinear ordinary differential equations via relevant transformations. An innovative semi‐numerical methodology combining the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) with Padé approximants and known as ADM‐Padé is deployed to solve the emerging nonlinear ordinary differential boundary value problem with appropriate wall and free stream conditions in MATLAB software. A detailed parametric study of the influence of key parameters on stream function, velocity, microrotation (angular velocity), temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles is conducted. Furthermore, skin friction coefficient, wall couple stress coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are displayed in tables. The validation of both numerical techniques used, i.e., ADM and ADM‐Padé, against a conventional numerical 4th order Runge–Kutta method is also included and significant acceleration in convergence of solutions achieved with the ADM‐Padé approach. The flow is decelerated with greater buoyancy ratio parameter whereas microrotation (angular velocity) is enhanced. Increasing thermal and solutal stratification suppresses microrotation. Concentration magnitudes are boosted with greater chemical reaction parameter and Lewis number. Temperatures are significantly enhanced with radiative parameter. Increasing Brownian motion parameter depletes concentration values. The study finds applications in thermomagnetic coating processes involving nanomaterials with microstructural characteristics.

RETRACTED: Passive control of nanoparticles in stagnation point flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid with aspect of magnetic dipole

The present research focuses on nanoparticle suspensions and flow properties in the context of their applications. The application of these materials in biological rheological models has piqued the attention of many researchers. Magneto nanoparticles have an important function in controlling the viscoelastic physiognomies of ferrofluid flows. Having such substantial interest in the flow of ferroliquids our vision is to discuss the stagnation point flow of ferromagnetic Oldroyd-B nanofluid through a stretching sheet. The Buongiorno nanofluid model with Brownian motion and thermophoretic properties is examined. A chemical reaction effect and porous medium is also taken into account. Moreover, the modelled equations are changed to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity transformations. Which are then solved using classical Runge-Kutta (RK) process with shooting technique. The solutions for the flow, thermal, concentration, skin friction, rate of heat and mass transfer features are attained numerically and presented graphically. The significant results of the current study are that, the growing values of ferromagnetic interaction parameter and porosity parameter declines the velocity profile. The rising values of chemical reaction rate parameter and Brownian motion parameter declines the mass transfer but inverse behaviour is seen for augmented values of thermophoresis parameter.