Optical Cable Research Articles

Noise attenuation in distributed acoustic sensing data using a guided unsupervised deep learning network

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a promising technology introducing a new paradigm in the acquisition of high-resolution seismic data. However, DAS data often show weak signals compared with the background noise, especially in challenging installation environments. In this study, we develop a new approach to denoise DAS data that leverages an unsupervised deep learning (DL) model, eliminating the need for labeled training data. The input DAS data undergo band-pass filtering to eliminate high-frequency content. Subsequently, a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is performed, and the finest scale is used to guide the DL model in reconstructing the DAS signal. First, we extract 2D patches from the band-pass filtered data and the CWT scale of the data. Then, these patches are converted using an unrolling mechanism into 1D vectors to form the input of the DL model. A self-attention layer is included in each layer to extract the spatial relation between the band-pass filtered data and the CWT scale. Through an iterative process, the DL model tunes its parameters to suppress DAS noise, with the band-pass filtered data serving as the target for the network. The denoising performance of our framework is validated using field examples from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth and Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy data sets, where the data are recorded by a fiber-optic cable. Comparative analyses against three benchmark methods reveal the robust denoising performance of our framework.

Modelling uncertainty in P-wave arrival-times retrieved from DAS data: case-studies from 15 fibre optic cables

SUMMARY Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology enables the detection of waves generated by seismic events, generally as uniaxial strain/strain rate time-series observed for dense, subsequent, portions of a Fibre Optic Cable (FOC). Despite the advantages in measurement density, data quality is often affected by uniaxial signal polarization, site effects and cable coupling, beyond the physical energy decay with distance. To better understand the relative importance of these factors for data inversion, we attempt a first modelling of noise patterns affecting DAS arrival times for a set of seismic events. The focus is on assessing the impact of noise statistics, together with the geometry of the problem, on epicentral location uncertainties. For this goal, we consider 15 ‘real-world’ cases of DAS arrays with different geometry, each associated with a seismic event of known location. We compute synthetic P-wave arrival times and contaminate them with four statistical distributions of the noise. We also estimate P-wave arrival times on real waveforms using a standard seismological picker. Eventually, these five data sets are inverted using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, which offers the evaluation of the relative event location differences in terms of posterior probability density (PPD). Results highlight how cable geometry influences the shape, extent and directionality of the PPDs. However, synthetic tests demonstrate how noise assumptions on arrival times often have important effects on location uncertainties. Moreover, for half of the analysed case studies, the observed and synthetic locations are more similar when considering noise sources that are independent of the geometrical characteristics of the arrays. Thus, the results indicate that axial polarization, site conditions and cable coupling, beyond other intrinsic features (e.g. optical noise), are likely responsible for the complex distribution of DAS arrival times. Overall, the noise sensitivity of DAS suggests caution when applying geometry-only-based approaches for the a priori evaluation of novel monitoring systems.

Temperature-insensitive and cost-effective distributed NP-Doped optical fiber sensors

This paper presents the development of a cost-effective distributed optical fiber sensor for temperature-insensitive assessment of mechanical disturbances along an optical fiber cable. The proposed sensor system uses a nanoparticle (NP)-doped optical fiber with enhanced Rayleigh backscattering to provide higher sensitivity and spatial resolution using the transmission and reflection analysis (TRA) approach, where the transmitted and backscattered optical powers are analyzed as a function of the mechanical disturbance. In addition, Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) are used as wavelength filters to provide the wavelength division multiplexing of the proposed device, which enable the use of 3 different NP-doped optical fiber sections for simultaneous detection of multiple curvature conditions in a cost-effective distributed sensing approach. The sensor characterization tests are performed by means of applying curvature angles from 360° to 1080° at different positions along NP-doped fibers (namely 25 mm, 100 mm and 175 mm) at 4 different temperatures of 25 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C. The results indicate the feasibility of the proposed approach, where the temperature variations lead only to a wavelength shift of the Bragg wavelength, whereas the mechanical disturbances (the curvatures) lead only to variations in the transmitted and reflected optical powers. Thus, by analyzing the transmitted and reflected optical powers in conjunction with the Bragg wavelength shift, it is possible to estimate both the mechanical disturbance amplitude (i.e., curvature angle) and the position along each NP-doped optical fiber section. Results indicate a relative error of around 3 % and 4 % for the mechanical disturbance location and absolute value, respectively. Moreover, the temperature cross-sensitivity in this case is below 2 % considering both amplitude and location of the mechanical disturbance. The proposed approach can be applied in structural health monitoring of different types of structures by integrating the fibers in the structures themselves with the possibility of measuring the strain distribution along the fibers (instead of in different points along the fiber) using a lower cost hardware when compared with similar distributed optical fiber sensing approaches.

Development of a method to achieve antegrade in situ fenestration of endovascular stent grafts in abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the focal dilation of the terminal aorta, which can lead to rupture if left untreated. Traditional endovascular aneurysm repair techniques are minimally invasive and pose low mortality rates compared with open surgical repair; however, endovascular aneurysm repair procedures face challenges in accommodating variations in the patient's anatomy. Complex aneurysms are defined when the sac extends past the renal arteries or has an insufficient neck landing zone to deploy a traditional stent graft. Fenestrated stent grafts were introduced to enable the repair of complex aneurysms by the creation of fenestrations to enable blood flow into the visceral arteries. This study investigates proof of concept for creating antegrade in situ fenestrations of off-the-shelf stent grafts using a novel endovascular orifice detection device. Our technique enables the precise location of the visceral artery orifices using fiber optic cables and an infrared light source. The endovascular orifice detection device was tested rigorously in precisely locating an artery opening in blood and a custom AAA phantom model. The study also explored the safest means of creating a fenestration using mechanical puncture and a laser. This innovative approach offers a viable alternative for patients with complex AAAs.

High-resolution observations of shallow-water acoustic propagation with distributed acoustic sensing.

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), converting fiber-optic cables into dense acoustic sensors, is a promising technology that offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for long-term, high-resolution studies in ocean acoustics. In this paper, the telecommunication cable of Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) is used to explore the feasibility of cable localization and shallow-water sound propagation with a mobile acoustic source. The MVCO DAS array records coherent, high-quality acoustic signals in the frequency band of 105-160 Hz, and a two-step inversion method is used to improve the location accuracy of DAS channels, reducing the location uncertainty to ∼2 m. The DAS array with refined channel positions enables the high-resolution observation of acoustic modal interference. Numerical simulations that reproduce the observed interference pattern suggest a compressional speed of 1750 m/s in the sediment, which is consistent with previous in situ geoacoustic measurements. These findings demonstrate the long-term potential of DAS for high-resolution ocean acoustic studies.

Enhancing Network Management Practices in East Africa: A Comprehensive Review

Network management is an integral component of the region’s rapid urbanisation, huge population growth, and technological advancements in East Africa. However, the smooth operation of East African networks is hindered by inadequate infrastructure, complex rules, and cyber-security issues. Both conventional and contemporary technologies are included in the regional network architecture, with mobile networks and fibre optic cables predominating. Among the difficulties are issues with spectrum distribution and regulatory discrepancies, and network management methods differ greatly between carriers. Strategies such as Kenya’s National Optic Fibre Backbone Infrastructure and Rwanda’s Smart Kigali programme are successful initiatives that demonstrate effective ways to develop infrastructure and urban management. Particularly inventive models such as Uganda’s Village Phone programme and Kenya’s M-PESA platform create digital inclusion and economic power. Public-private partnerships facilitate infrastructure development and technology adoption. Network management strategies for Eastern Africa could include the development of rural connectivity projects, policy change for regulatory harmonisation, the use of advanced technologies, capacity-building programmes, and cross-border interactions. This review examines the situation of mobile networks, internet connections, and data centres, as well as other telecommunication network infrastructure, focusing on their existing strong points, weaknesses, and possibilities for further enhancement. Analysing systems of regulations: We used all recently published material (2004–2014) from various highly reliable databases. The findings suggest that adequate measures of network management are required to propel economic growth, digital inclusion, and deeper regional cooperation in East Africa. East African nations may utilise several strategies such as infrastructure development, legislative reforms, technology adoption, capacity building, and collaboration to produce reliable and inclusive communication networks, which will contribute to sustainable development. Keywords: Enhancing, Network, Management, Communication, Cybersecurity, Innovation, East Africa

Determination of the Temperature Development in a Borehole Heat Exchanger Field Using Distributed Temperature Sensing

The use of geothermal borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) in combination with ground-source heat pumps represents an important part of shallow geothermal energy production, which is already used worldwide and becoming more and more important. Different measurement techniques are available to examine a BHE field while it is in operation. In this study, a field with 54 BHEs up to a depth of 120 m below ground level was analyzed using fiber optic cables. A distributed temperature sensing (DTS) concept was developed by equipping several BHEs with dual-ended hybrid cables. The individual fiber optics were collected in a distributor shaft, and multiple measurements were carried out during active and inactive operation of the field. The field trial was carried out on a converted, partly retrofitted, residential complex, “Lagarde Campus”, in Bamberg, Upper Franconia, Germany. Groundwater and lithological changes are visible in the depth-resolved temperature profiles throughout the whole BHE field.

Implementasi Backup Koneksi Jaringan Menggunakan Metode Failover MikroTik pada PT Tiga Kawan Sertifikasi

The internet plays a vital role in supporting business operations in companies or organizations by accelerating the flow of information and enabling real-time connections. According to a report by We Are Social, the number of internet users in Indonesia reached 213 million in January 2023, accounting for about 77% of the total population. However, despite the numerous ISPs in Indonesia, not all internet services are affordable or of high quality, and some areas remain inaccessible to providers using fiber optic connections. PT. Tiga Kawan Sertifikasi, a company engaged in legal services in Tangerang, faces challenges with its internet connection as it relies solely on a single provider, Orbit from Telkomsel. Issues arise when the modem signal frequently drops due to the use of SIM card media instead of fiber optic cables. The proposed solution is to add another provider as an alternative and implement a failover method on a Mikrotik router to ensure a stable connection.

Analysis of Field Trial Results for Excavation-Activities Monitoring with φ-OTDR.

Underground telecommunication cables are highly susceptible to damage from excavation activities. Preventing accidental damage to underground telecommunication cables is critical and necessary. In this study, we present field trial results of monitoring excavation activities near underground fiber cables using an intensity-based phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR). The reasons for choosing intensity-based φ-OTDR for excavation monitoring are presented and analyzed. The vibration signals generated by four typical individual excavation events, i.e., cutting, hammering, digging, and tamping at five different field trial sites, as well as five different mixed events in the fifth field trial site were investigated. The findings indicate that various types of events can generate vibration signals with different features. Typically, fundamental peak frequencies of cutting, hammering and tamping events ranged from 30 to 40 Hz, 11 to 15 Hz, and 30 to 40 Hz, respectively. Digging events, on the other hand, presented a broadband frequency spectrum without a distinct peak frequency. Moreover, due to differences in environmental conditions, even identical excavation events conducted with the same machine may also generate vibration signals with different characteristics. The diverse field trial results presented offer valuable insights for both research and the practical implementation of excavation monitoring techniques for underground cables.

Fiber-Optic Cables Used to Measure Changing Soil Moisture

Fiber-Optic Cables Used to Measure Changing Soil Moisture

Multilayer Structure Damage Detection Using Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensing and Machine Learning.

Over the past decade, distributed acoustic sensing has been utilized for structural health monitoring in various applications, owing to its continuous measurement capability in both time and space and its ability to deliver extensive data on the conditions of large structures using just a single optical cable. This work aims to evaluate the performance of distributed acoustic sensing for monitoring a multilayer structure on a laboratory scale. The proposed structure comprises four layers: a medium-density fiberboard and three rigid polyurethane foam slabs. Three different damages were emulated in the structure: two in the first layer of rigid polyurethane foam and another in the medium-density fiberboard layer. The results include the detection of the mechanical wave, comparing the response with point sensors used for reference, and evaluating how the measured signal behaves in time and frequency in the face of different damages in the multilayer structure. The tests demonstrate that evaluating signals in both time and frequency domains presents different characteristics for each condition analyzed. The supervised support vector machine classifier was used to automate the classification of these damages, achieving an accuracy of 93%. The combination of distributed acoustic sensing with this learning algorithm creates the condition for developing a smart tool for monitoring multilayer structures.

Deep Integration of Fiber-Optic Communication and Sensing Systems Using Forward-Transmission Distributed Vibration Sensing and on-off Keying.

The deep integration of communication and sensing technology in fiber-optic systems has been highly sought after in recent years, with the aim of rapid and cost-effective large-scale upgrading of existing communication cables in order to monitor ocean activities. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a high-degree of compatibility was shown between forward-transmission distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing and an on-off keying (OOK)-based communication system. This type of deep integration allows distributed sensing to utilize the optical fiber communication cable, wavelength channel, optical signal and demodulation receiver. The addition of distributed sensing functionality does not have an impact on the communication performance, as sensing involves no hardware changes and does not occupy any bandwidth; instead, it non-intrusively analyzes inherent vibration-induced noise in the data transmitted. Likewise, the transmission of communication data does not affect the sensing performance. For data transmission, 150 Mb/s was demonstrated with a BER of 2.8 × 10-7 and a QdB of 14.1. For vibration sensing, the forward-transmission method offers distance, time, frequency, intensity and phase-resolved monitoring. The limit of detection (LoD) is 8.3 pε/Hz1/2 at 1 kHz. The single-span sensing distance is 101.3 km (no optical amplification), with a spatial resolution of 0.08 m, and positioning accuracy can be as low as 10.1 m. No data averaging was performed during signal processing. The vibration frequency range tested is 10-1000 Hz.

Experimental research on strain distribution measurement of PC beams based on weak grating array sensing technology.

The strain and deformation of bridges are important parameters to reflect the state of bridge structures. The traditional measurement methods are to obtain the partial strain of a bridge by point strain sensor or to obtain the deformation of some special bridge positions by static level and other methods. These methods can not realize the continuous distributed measurement of bridge stress state. The grating array is a new sensing technology with the characteristics of large capacity, long distance, distribution, and high precision. In this paper, the grating array strain optical cable is installed on PC (pre-stressed concrete) beams to conduct loading and unloading experiments under various working conditions compared with other measurement methods. The experimental results show that the grating array strain sensing technology can realize the distributed measurement of bridge strain, and offer a what we believe is a novel approach to bridge health monitoring.

Application of ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing array to road vehicle detection

Road vehicle detection is a significant task for tackling traffic issues in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In this paper, we introduce ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) sensing technology for road vehicle flow, vehicle axle and wheelbase detection. We carry out pilot installation of UWFBG sensing optic cables in the asphalt base of the road in a new-built expressway. As opposed to the conventional linear installation along the road running direction, the deployment of cables is mainly perpendicular to the road. Using the acquired vehicle data, we analyze signal characteristics and propose real-time data processing algorithms based on identification and classification of peaks/valleys of vehicle waveforms as well as cross-correlation calculation. We test the proposed method in different scenes. Test results show that the calculated wheelbases achieve good accuracy (relative errors are <1 %) and the algorithms can well distinguish individual vehicle in complex vehicle conditions.

Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Tool to Estimate Geometry Evolution of Multiple Simultaneously Propagating Fractures from Crosswell Fiber-Optic Strain Measurements

Summary Crosswell low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LF-DAS) strain rate measurements generate data useful for hydraulic fracture (HF) diagnostics. These data contain information about HF geometry; however, interpreting the data has relied on time-consuming and computationally expensive numerical interpretation methods. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of a rapid diagnostic tool, known as the “zero strain rate location method” (ZSRLM), for characterizing the geometry of multiple fractures propagating simultaneously. Simulations of multiple fracture propagation are conducted using a planar 3D multifracture simulator that incorporates 3D rock deformation, fluid flow in the wellbore, fluid leakoff, and multiscale fracture propagation regimes. A supertimestepping algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear parabolic equations governing fluid-driven fractures. The far-field strain profile induced by multiple propagating fractures along a crosswell fiber-optic cable is computed using the displacement discontinuity method (DMM). Various scenarios are simulated by adjusting key completion parameters, including the number of clusters, cluster spacing, in-situ stress states, and geomechanical properties. The ZSRLM is then applied to the computed strain field to estimate fracture extents and propagation rates. The accuracy of the ZSRLM is assessed by comparing the estimated fracture geometry parameters with the known simulated values. Our observations indicate that the ZSRLM is not effective when two or more fractures approach the observation well at similar times, as it becomes challenging to discern unique strain-rate converging patterns on waterfall plots for each fracture. However, when fracture arrivals at the monitor well are offset, distinct strain rate patterns emerge, enabling the application of the ZSRLM. Errors between simulated and estimated fracture extent propagation rates are quantified. Finally, the ZSRLM is applied to a field case involving multicluster fracture propagation, and the interpretation of the results is discussed in light of these findings. This research demonstrates the applicability of the ZSRLM for diagnosing the velocities and final extents of multiple fractures propagating simultaneously. The method offers a rapid means of characterizing stimulations using crosswell LF-DAS measurements, which can inform decisions regarding completion design, well spacing, and landing zone. The study contributes to the advancement of efficient fracture diagnostics in the industry, reducing the reliance on numerical interpretation methods.

Using cumulative human impact assessment to support adaptive management of the threatened species’ habitats in the Yangtze River Estuary

The conflict between multiple functions of human use and habitat conservation represents an intractable challenge for environmental management. While numerous studies on marine conservation prioritize cumulative impact assessments (CIA) to tackle this issue, estuaries — despite their immense conservation significance amidst intense human activities — remain overlooked. Taking the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) as the case study area, it is one of the most intensely human-utilized estuaries globally, yet it serves as a critical habitat and migratory corridor for the endangered Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis).We employed ecological indicators and quantitative modeling to assess habitat suitability and cumulative anthropogenic impacts on this endangered species in the YRE. The results demonstrated that suitable habitat distribution and human impact varied for juvenile Chinese sturgeon in the YRE. The suitable habitat distribution for juvenile Chinese sturgeon was concentrated in Chongming Dongtan and the North Channel. Ship density, submarine optical cables, and smooth cord grass invasion were the main anthropogenic factors impacting the Chinese sturgeon's migrating habitat in the YRE. Moreover, existing Chinese sturgeon habitats remain at risk, with 36.24 % of potential habitats and 56.60 % of high human impact areas requiring enhanced protection. Adaptive management strategies were proposed, tailored to the spatial and environmental protection needs across the dynamic habitat demands of aquatic species. Our spatially explicit and indicator-based findings provide key scientific support for enlarging protected areas and implementing adaptive management of human activities to balance conservation and sustainable use in this highly utilized ecosystem.

A comparative study of PMMA/PEG polymer nanocomposites doped with different oxides nanoparticles for potential optoelectronic applications

PMMA/PEG and PMMA/PEG doped with SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 were fabricated using the solution-casting technique. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which revealed that the amorphous nature of PMMA/PEG blend doped with Al2O3 was hindered by the crystalline nature of those doped with SiO2 and TiO2. The absorption of PMMA/PEG blend doped with Al2O3 is higher, band gap energies were decreased from 4.90 eV for PMMA/PEG blend to 4.03 eV, 3.09 eV, and 2.09 eV for SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 doped PMMA/PEG blend, respectively. The dielectric constant, ε′ has a high value (2 × 104) for samples PMMA/PEG and SiO2/PMMA/PEG. While dielectric loss ε″\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left( {\\varepsilon ^{{\\prime \\prime }} } \\right)$$\\end{document}-values decreased to < 100 for TiO2/PMMA/PEG and Al2O3/PMMA/PEG. Further, the fabricated composite SiO2/PMMA/PEG led to improvement the optical and dielectric properties compared with PMMA/PEG for optoelectronic such as manufacturing of optical fiber cables application. The results show TiO2/PMMA/PEG and Al2O3/PMMA/PEG are multifunctional can be used as low-permittivity nanodielectric and substrates to design the next generation of flexible electronic devices.

Distributed fiber optic temperature and strain sensing in cementing and water injection: Insights to well integrity monitoring and multisensing optical fiber cable design

In this study, we installed two fiber optic cables with different designs into a new well, a soft-flat cable and a stainless-steel cable, for distributed fiber optic sensing in cementing and water injection. The two fiber cables were cemented behind casing and the soft-flat cable was used for temperature sensing in cementing as well as cement curing period. The high-speed Rayleigh scanning successfully visualized the cement front tracking from the combined effects of temperature and pressure changes by cement pumping. The temperature variations in cement curing reveled the cement volume and have the potential to identify defects in annular cement and formation damage caused by cementing. The water injection test for strain sensing was carried out with increasing injection rate from 100 L/min to 200 L/min. Strain profiles from the two fiber cables suggested that the strain responses reveal alternation of sand and silt, and reservoir heterogeneity. The water injection results showed that the measured strains of the two cables matched fairly well and the stainless-steel cable showed a high strain sensitivity responding to injection pressure (1 με/5 kPa). Comparison of strain measurement results of the two cables provided valuable insights for future strain fiber cable design. Strain sensing results also indicated a high capability to capture small pressure changes in the heterogeneous layers. Thus, our results demonstrate the high potential of using strain sensing for leak detection and well integrity monitoring in fluid injections, particularly for the long-term monitoring at CO2 storage site.

Multi-point vibration positioning method for long-distance forward transmission distributed vibration sensing.

Observation of intensity, phase, or polarization properties of light propagating through telecom submarine cables can enable widespread monitoring of geological and undersea events, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and shipping lane traffic. We conducted a comparative analysis of external physical perturbations acting on submarine optical cables and unprotected optical fibers; introduced both intensity and phase demodulation-based sensing systems for long-distance vibration sensing; presented an extension to the phase-spectrum time delay method for forward-transmission distributed sensing (same as optical communications) to distinguish and quantify multiple simultaneous vibration events; and overcame the previous spatial resolution fundamental lower limit set by the time-domain sampling rate. We experimentally demonstrated multi-vibration positioning over 202.3 km single-span sensing distance, with a positioning accuracy as small as 17.9 m for sinewave vibrations, and a spatial resolution of 1.25 m. Other key sensor parameters include phase sensitivity of 40.6 mrad/µε @ 80 Hz, a corresponding limit of detection (LoD) of 101.7 pε/Hz1/2, intensity sensitivity of 7.1%/µε @ 80 Hz, and a corresponding LoD of 20.1 pε/Hz1/2. The tested frequency range was 0.01-100 Hz. No signal averaging was performed during signal processing to allow faster real-time processing, which would otherwise further improve the results. This forward transmission approach has the potential to upgrade the existing submerged global internet fiber-optic network into a vast ocean-spanning observation network while allowing telecom operations to operate normally without sacrificing bandwidth.

Fiber-optic seismic sensing of vadose zone soil moisture dynamics

Vadose zone soil moisture is often considered a pivotal intermediary water reservoir between surface and groundwater in semi-arid regions. Understanding its dynamics in response to changes in meteorologic forcing patterns is essential to enhance the climate resiliency of our ecological and agricultural system. However, the inability to observe high-resolution vadose zone soil moisture dynamics over large spatiotemporal scales hinders quantitative characterization. Here, utilizing pre-existing fiber-optic cables as seismic sensors, we demonstrate a fiber-optic seismic sensing principle to robustly capture vadose zone soil moisture dynamics. Our observations in Ridgecrest, California reveal sub-seasonal precipitation replenishments and a prolonged drought in the vadose zone, consistent with a zero-dimensional hydrological model. Our results suggest a significant water loss of 0.25 m/year through evapotranspiration at our field side, validated by nearby eddy-covariance based measurements. Yet, detailed discrepancies between our observations and modeling highlight the necessity for complementary in-situ validations. Given the escalated regional drought risk under climate change, our findings underscore the promise of fiber-optic seismic sensing to facilitate water resource management in semi-arid regions.