Bunch Weight Research Articles

Bio-efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Technical 90% for Improving Yield and Quality in Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

The experiment was conducted on Thompson Seedless grapevines grafted on dog ridge rootstock to study its response towards the application of gibberellic acid (GA3) Tech. 90% at different time intervals. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design (RBD) having five treatments with four replications were carried out at Maharashtra Rajya Draksha Bagaitdar Sangh, Pune during 2020-2021 & 2021 - 2022. Significant differences were observed with the applications of GA3 at different developmental stages (pre-bloom and fruit set) resulted in to increased bunch weight, berry weight, berry length, berry size, pedicel thickness, rachis length, and quality parameters viz. total soluble solids along with the highest yield per vine exogenous application of different concentrations of GA3 at different time interval schedules was beneficial for the quality and yield of Thompson Seedless grapevines.

Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield

Shallots are one of the horticultural commodities that Indonesian people need. The use of bacterial consortia in shallot cultivation is expected to be useful for increasing soil fertility due to soil biochemical processes. This research aims to determine the effect of applying a microbial consortium from several products to the growth and yield of several shallot varieties. This research was carried out using a Split Plot Design with a split plot method which consists of two factors, namely: 1. Red onion variety, (V1: local rubber variety; V2: white local variety; V3: local Javanese varieties), 2. Types of decomposing plants (microbial consortium), : (P0: Control; P1: M21; P2: EM4; P3: Beka Decomposer). The research results showed: (1) The variety test showed very significant plant height, number of leaves, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, tuber diameter, fresh tuber weight per bunch, tuber dry weight per bunch, and tuber dry weight per plot. However, there was no real difference between the number of bulbs per plant and the number of bulbs per plot. (2) The combination of microbial consortia with shallot varieties showed significantly different results regarding the number of leaves and bulb diameter. However, there were no real differences in plant height, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, number of tubers per plant, number of tubers per plot, fresh weight of tubers per bunch, dry weight of tubers per bunch and dry weight of tubers per bunch. (3) The research results showed that the highest yield was obtained from the combination of V2P1 with the treatment of local white varieties of shallots and the application of the M21 microbial consortium with an average value of 150.27 g/plot (16,905 kg/ha or 16.9 tons/ha).

Effects of post-shooting sprays and bunch covering on yield attributes of Willium banana (Musa paradisiaca L.)

This research investigates the synergistic effects of post-shooting sprays and bunch covering materials on the growth, development, and yield of Willium banana (Musa paradisiaca L.). Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 100 mg/l emerges as a potent post-shooting spray, significantly enhancing bunch length, finger length, girth of finger, bunch weight, and overall fruit yield. The study highlights the pivotal role of GA3 in promoting both cell division and elongation, contributing to increased fruit size and weight. Non-woven material bag covering proves superior in creating an optimal microclimate, fostering enhanced air circulation, temperature control, and light interception. This material significantly boosts finger length, girth, bunch weight, and fruit yield. These findings provide valuable insights for banana cultivation, emphasizing the strategic use of GA3 and appropriate covering materials to optimize environmental conditions and hormonal balance for improved crop outcomes. The study contributes to the evolving field of banana cultivation practices and offers practical implications for enhancing fruit quality and yield.

Exogenous Application of Calcium, α-Naphthaleneacetic Acid and 1Methylcyclopropene Improved Fruit Growth and Oil Yield of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Grown on Ultisol

<span>Soil acidity is one of the main factors limiting the growth and sustainable production of oil palm in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various exogenous compounds on improving fruit growth and oil yield of palm oil grown on Ultisol. The experiment employed three treatments which were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were: 1-MCP (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm), CaCl</span><span>2 </span><span>(0 and 50 ppm) and NAA (0 and 200 ppm). Application of Ca</span><span>2+</span><span>, NAA and 1-MCP either single or in combination improved fruit growth and oil yield by increasing almost all variables, except the number of bunches, bunch weight and fruit set. The 100 ppm 1-MCP + 50 ppm Ca</span><span>2+ </span><span>+ 200 ppm NAA treatments showed the highest oil-to-dry mesocarp content. To get the highest oil to bunch (OB), the combination of 100 ppm 1-MCP + 200 ppm NAA; 50 ppm Ca</span><span>2+ </span><span>+ 200 ppm NAA, and a single treatment of 50 ppm Ca</span><span>2+ </span><span>were very promising to be utilized.</span>

Uvological characteristics of local grapevine varieties: Smederevka and Zametovka

Research of uvological characteristics is one of the obligatory steps for determination of general production and technological value of grapevine varieties. Such research is particularly recommended for local varieties that did not previously show sat?isfying characteristics necessary for production of high-quality wine. Local grapevine varieties Smederevka (white wine variety) and Zametovka (red wine variety) have mostly served for production of low-quality wine in the past. With changes in the manner of pro?duction in the sense of focus on high-quality wine and production of wine with geograph?ical indications, vineyards planted with these varieties in Serbia have mostly been grubbed up. However, due to the characteristic and favourable terroir conditions, they have survived in the Trstenik wine-growing district (subregion within the Tri Morave wine-growing re?gion). With the aim of determining uvological characteristics of these two varieties in current climate conditions that are favourable for these high-yield varieties, this paper examines the mechanical composition of grape bunches (bunch weight, number of berries, stem weight), mechanical composition of berries (weight of 100 berries, weight of skin of 100 berries, weight of mesocarp of 100 berries and weight of seeds of 100 berries), as well as grape must characteristics (sugar content and total acids in grape must) of representative genotypes of local varieties Smederevka and Zametovka in production vineyards in the Trstenik wine-growing district. Research results have shown that uvological characteristics of these varieties are slightly better in comparison with previous research carried out in other wine-growing areas, that is, in comparison with general information from literature, which indicates the necessity for further research of these varieties in different agro-eco?logical conditions.

Results of grapes storage studies

The article presents the main results on the influence of grapes on the human body, the influence of various drugs on the quality of grape storage and the where grapes are grown. The research methods, results of storage and their analysis of Rizamat and Khusaini grape varieties collected in private farms of the Akdarya region are presented. The main indicators are determined (average weight of a bunch, weight of berries, ridges, skins and number of berries), weight loss, scree, waste and general losses after three months of storage in special storage facilities are also determined. The research results showed that the Husaini grape variety has a bunch weight higher than that of the Rizamat variety by 6.8%. For high-quality storage of grapes at home, the refrigerator temperature should be within 0±1°C and air humidity 90-93%. In addition, the use of SO2 during storage affects the natural loss of weight and fall of grapes. Storing grapes grown at home is relevant today, but requires further research.

Comparative Analysis of Bunch Weight and Fruit-to-Bunch Ratio Between Dura and Tenera Oil Palm Varieties

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), a vital crop in global agriculture known for its high oil yield, predominantly features two fruit types: Dura and Tenera. Despite their economic importance, there's a paucity of research on how these varieties differ in bunch weight and fruit-to-bunch ratio, key factors in optimizing oil palm cultivation and promoting sustainable practices. This study addresses this knowledge gap by examining the influence of Dura and Tenera fruit types on these parameters. We gathered data on bunch weight and fruit-to-bunch percentage from plantations cultivating both varieties. Our findings indicate Dura had a marginally higher mean bunch weight (18.88 kg) compared to Tenera (17.30 kg), and a similar trend was observed in the fruit-to-bunch ratio, with Dura at 73.29% and Tenera at 66.15%. These results suggest that the choice of fruit type should be a consideration in planting strategies. Further investigation is warranted into the genetic and environmental contributors to these observed disparities.

Effect of PGR and Chemicals on Shelf Life, Bunch and Berry Quality Parameters of Sudhakar Seedless Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

The experiment was conducted on Sudhakar Seedless vines grafted on 110-R rootstock were selected for this study. The experiment was designed in randomized block design (RBD) having five treatments with four replications were carried out at MRDBS Nashik during 2020-2021. Pre-harvest application of treatments (Chitosan at 10 ppm, Naphthalene acetic acid at 100 ppm, activated Potassium salt @ 2.0 g/ liter, Salicylic acid at 2.0 ml/liter and Potassium Schoenite @ 2.0 g/liter along with untreated vines were applied at veraison stage of berry development. Application of Chitosan @ 10 ppm resulted in to the increase berry size and berry quality along with less Number of rotten berries in physiological loss in weight. Followed by the application of Naphthalene acetic acid at 100 ppm recorded less Number of rotten in this study. However, the lowest physiological loss of weight (%) were recorded with the application of Naphthalene acetic acid. The increasing dose of Naphthalene acetic acid resulted into decrease in pre- harvest berry drop. In grapevines, Application of salicylic acid significantly increase in berry weight, bunch weight, Total Soluble Solids /acidity ratio as compare to untreated vines. Biochemical composition of berries was influenced by the application of Activated potassium salt at different concentration. The application of Potassium schoenite in grapevines were found effective for increasing TSS of Sudhakar seedless grapes.

Effectiveness of Integrated Management on Fusarium-Nematode wilt Complex Disease of Banana cv. Ney Poovan (AB): Insights from a Field Study

Banana (Musa spp.) belongs to the family Musaceae is the most important fruit crop in the world, serving as a staple food and source of income in many developing countries. There are several diseases recorded on Banana causing serious losses. Wilt complex disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Radopholus similis is considered as a serious threat Banana cultivation. A field experiment was conducted in a randomised complete block design with susceptible Banana variety Nay Poovan (AB) to manage the fungal-nematode wilt complex using treatments of bioagents, organic amendments and chemicals in individual as well as in integrated approach. The experiment results revealed that, Carbendazim (262.73 cm) treated plants had good plant height and it was on par with combined treatments. Among combination treatments, T11 (Neem cake + FYM +T. viride + + P. fluorescens +P. lilacinus + Carbofuran + stem injection of Carbendazim at 5,7,9 months) gave maximum plant height (118.00, 195.27 and 262.60 cm). The least plant height was recorded in control 89.60 cm, 140.00 cm and 188.00 cm at 90, 180 days after planting and at harvest respectively. The final population of R. similis in soil was lowest in T11 (Neem cake + FYM, T. viride+P. fluorescens+P. lilacinus + Carbofuran + stem injection of Carbendazim at 5,7,9 months) (6.33 /200 cc soil), followed by T6 (T. viride + P. lilacinus) (26.33 /200 cc soil), whereas control treatment has maximum (1382.00 /200 cc soil). Regarding wilt incidence, the plants treated with Neem cake + FYM, T. viride+P. fluorescens+P. lilacinus + Carbofuran + stem injection of Carbendazimat 5, 7, 9 months (T11) recorded less incidence (11.12%) as compared to the maximum wilt incidence of 88.89 per cent in control treatment. The next best treatment was T10 (Carbendazim 17.67 %). Individual application the maximum number of hands per bunch, bunch weight and total yield per hectare was recorded in T10(Carbendazim) 13.80, 12.75 kg and 45.75 t/ha), T2(P. Fluorescens) (9.67, 9.73 kg and 36.05 t/ha) and least was recorded in T9 (Carbofuron) (8.75, 8.25 kg and 32.50 t/ha) compare to control. Among the combined treatments, the maximum number of hands per bunch (19.75), bunch weight (16.80 kg) and total yield per hectare (26.33 t/ha) was recorded in treatment T11 (Neem cake + FYM, T. viride+P. fluorescens+P. lilacinus + Carbofuran + stem injection of Carbendazim at 5, 7, 9 months). The economic analysis revealed that, the T11 had recorded a maximum benefit cost ratio of 4.26 followed by T10 – Carbendazim (3.96) percent incidence and the least benefit cost ratio was recorded by control (1.23).

Agronomic Performance of Banana Cultivars: A Case Study in Brazilian Savannah

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of four banana cultivars (Grand-Naine, Prata-Anã, BRS-Tropical, and BRS-Conquista) in the Brazilian Savannah, Brasília, Federal District. Theoretical framework: Banana tree is responsible for providing one of the most consumed and appreciated fruits in all regions of the world, and is largely cultivated in tropical countries. Banana production is a growing activity in Brazil, mainly in family farming, due to its economic and social importance. Methods: The study was implemented at the experimental field of the Água Limpa Farm, which belongs to the University of Brasília, FD, Brazil. The essay was conducted in a randomized block design, consisting of four treatments and four replications. The evaluated variables were: total bunch weight, number of fruits per bunch, number of hands per bunch, fruit length, and fruit diameter. Results and discussion: Significant differences were found for all variables evaluated. The coefficient of variation was lower than 30% for all analyzed characteristics, indicating a good experimental accuracy. Bunch weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter of the cultivar Grand-Naine were significantly higher (Skott Knott 5%) than those of the other cultivars evaluated. BRS-Conquista had the highest number of fruits per bunch and number of hands per bunch. The results showed a positive significant correlation between number of fruits per bunch and number of hands per bunch. The estimates of the genetic parameters for the evaluated characteristics showed favorable conditions for selection, with CVg to CVe ratio higher than 1, and heritability ranging from 85 to 99%. Implications of the research: The Grand-Naine cultivar came out on top in terms of the performance evaluated under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Brazilian Savannah, Brasília, Federal District, and it was also established the performance of BRS-Conquista, Prata-Anã and BRS-Tropical in this region. Originality/value: Pointing out the most important genetic parameters guides genetic improvement actions for these cultivars in the region, as well as assisting new breeding programs.

Evaluation of oil palm cross combinations under north East Indian condition

The growth and yield performance of ten cross combinations, NRCOP-21 to NRCOP-30 which were planted in 2010 in randomized block design with 03 replications and 06 palms per plot at a spacing of 9m X 9m X9m were evaluated. The results reveals that the growth of the palms with respect to stem height and stem girth was non significant. Maximum number of leaves (23.26), female flowers (10.60), Fresh Fruit Bunches (10.43), highest sex ratio (0.74), bunch weight (13.46Kg) and yield (20.10 t/ha) were observed in NRCOP-22. From the results it is evident that the performance of NRCOP-22 is the best under North Eastern Indian conditions.

Demonstration on fertigation schedule of oil palm for improved productivity and reduced cost of cultivation in Khammam district of Telangana

The FLD on performance of fertigation schedule in oil palm conducted during the year 2021-22 in Khammam district, on 10 years old plants of selected farmer fields. The result of study revealed that average yield of 26.2 t/ha was recorded in demonstrated plot (T2) over farmers practice (T1)(23 t/ha) i.e 13.91 percent yield increased. Average fresh fruit bunch weight, number of bunches/plant and yield/plant in treatment was 21.64 kg, 10.80 and 234.34 kg and whereas in control it was 20.34 kg, 10.00 and 203.90 kg respectively with high B:C ratio in the treatment.

New Nonwoven Fabrics for Pollination Control Bags for Oil Palm

Oil palm hybridisation requires the isolation of inflorescences with pollination control bags (PCBs) for which polyester duraweb® PCBs are used at the Dami Oil Palm Research Station in Papua New Guinea. For widening the choices of nonwoven PCBs we compared the performance of PCBs from three new types of nonwoven fabrics with the standard duraweb® PCB on 9-year-old clonal palms in one of the Dami SUPERFAMILY® seed gardens. The station typically experiences a humid climate and received weekly total rainfall ranging from 53 to 228 mm (total rainfall 1035 mm) during the reproductive phase in March and April 2020, when the trial was conducted. Analyses of variance of a number of traits such as time taken to install the bags, bag intactness, spine damage and water absorption of bags, bunch weight, healthy and total seed number and weight, seed health score, and 100-seed weight were all non-significant. The average number of healthy seeds per bunch was 1120 seeds with mean weight of 376 g per 100 seeds. Blank pollinations showed equal pollen-proofing ability among all bags without any noticeable insect entry. This study, for the first time, has identified three other nonwoven fabric PCBs with no statistical differences from the control duraweb® bags for most of the important traits, and provides new alternatives to reduce the dependency on only one type of fabric which, when in short supply, could adversely affect the plant breeding and seed production programmes.

МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ ГРОЗДЕЙ У ТЕМНОЯГОДНЫХ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СОРТОВ ВИНОГРАДА СЕЛЕКЦИИ ВНИИВиВ ИМ. Я.И. ПОТАПЕНКО И СКФНЦСВВ

The results of studying the mechanical composition of bunches and berries of a young vineyard of dark-berry technical grape varieties Vecherniy, Dmitriy and Kurchanskiy are presented. The research was carried out in a standard own-root vineyard located in the first department of the Kuban educational farm of KubSAU. Data on the average mass of a bunch and berry, as well as the mass of their constituent structural elements are given: the proportion of berries and stems in the bunch weight, the proportion of skin, seeds and pulp with juice in the berry weight, the structure index of the bunch and the berry index are calculated. It was revealed that the smallest bunch weight was obtained from the Vecherniy variety, and the largest from the Kurchanskiy variety. In both years, the smallest average berry weight was observed in the Dmitriy variety, and the largest in the Vecherniy variety. The proportion of berries from the bunch weight in the studied varieties turned out to be approximately the same and amounted to 96.1–97.7 %, which was within the normal range. In both years, the structure index had the highest values in the Kurchanskiy variety, and the lowest in the Vecherniy variety. The highest values of the berry index were observed in the Dmitriy variety, which has the smallest berries, and the lowest values in the Vecherniy variety, which has the largest berries. The proportion of skin in four out of six cases was significantly higher than the standard values. The proportion of seeds from the bunch weight between varieties ranged from 5.0-9.8 %, which exceeded the norm by 1.0-3.8 %. The proportion of pulp with juice in five out of six cases was 58.2-71.7 %, which was significantly less than the standard values (75-80 %). The share of structural indicators of berries depended not only on varietal characteristics, but also on the conditions of the year.

ПОДВОИ И НОРМА НАГРУЗКИ ДЛЯ ВИНОГРАДА ЛИВИЯ

In the course of the experiment, the differentiat-ed influence of various rootstocks and the norms of the bush load with shoots on the agrobiologi-cal indicators of grapes was established. The ob-ject of research was the grapevine variety Livia, rootstocks SO4 and 41B. The studies were car-ried out in the conditions of a moderate conti-nental climate in the Central agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar region, on irrigat-ed vineyards in a covering culture. Scheme of planting bushes was 3.8×2 m. The soils are low-humus, leached powerful chernozems. The most productive were the vineyards on the rootstock 41B. The bunch size on the 41B rootstock was 1.34 times greater than on SO4, the yield capaci-ty – 1.56 and amounted to 696 g and 28.23 t/ha, respectively. The predominant influence of the 41B rootstock in comparison with SO4 on the productivity of the Livia grapes is preserved with a differentiated load of grape bushes with bunches. With a maximum load of bushes with bunches (SO4 – 33, 41B – 38 pcs./bush), their weight on the 41B rootstock was 43 % higher than on SO4, yield capacity – by 62 %, with an average load (SO4 – 27, 41B − 32 pcs./bush) – by 27 and 48 %, respectively, at minimum load (SO4 – 19, 41B – 23 pcs./bush) – by 32 and 59 %, respectively. The influence of rootstocks on the norm of bush load by shoots is not unam-biguous. Against the background of the maxi-mum number of bunches on bushes, the highest values of bunch weight and grape yield capacity on SO4 and 41B were at loads of 25 and 26 shoots/bush, average – 25 and 33 shoots/bush, minimum – 31 and 20 shoots/bush, respectively. For growing high yields and attractive sizes of bunches of table grapes of Livia variety in the Central agroecological zone of the Krasnodar re-gion, it is recommended to use rootstock 41B, the load norm of bushes with shoots of 26 and bunches of 38 pcs./ bush.

Secondary metabolite induced tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4 in banana cv. Grand Naine through in vitro bio-immunization: a prospective research translation from induction to field tolerance

An innovative tissue culture mediated incorporation of metabolite-based biomolecule (Bio-immune) at in vitro stage itself in banana cv. Grand Naine was developed and validated for the production of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4 tolerant plantlets. The novel bio-immune formulation developed by us, exhibited a significant antifungal potency against Foc TR4 with a high percent inhibition (100%) at a 2.5% concentration of bio-immune on the 5th, 7th, and 9th DAI. Bio-immune integrated during in vitro shoot proliferation stage in banana cv. Grand Naine recorded significant enhancement in the growth of roots and shoots. Bio-immune (0.5%) fortified media produced 12.67 shoots per clump whereas control registered only 9.67 shoots per clump. Similarly, maximum root numbers (7.67) were observed in bio-immune plants which were significantly higher over control (5.0). The bio-immunized banana transplants recorded a higher survival rate (97.57%) during acclimatization as compared to the control (94.53%). Furthermore, evaluation of the bio-immunized plants in pot experiments revealed that unimmunized plants treated with FocTR4 (TF) exhibited mortality between 60 and 90 days. On the 90th day after planting, a high mean disease severity index (DSI) of 3.45 was observed with unimmunized plantlets while the bio-immunized plants (TFBI) and ICAR-FUSICONT treated plants (TFTR) showed substantially reduced DSI (0.20 and 1.00) compared to FocTR4 treated control (TF). Significant increases in polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase activities, and enhanced phenol contents were recorded in bio-immunized plants compared to unimmunized plants. Field experiments at two different locations in Bihar, India revealed that bunch weight, no. of hands/bunch, and no. of fingers/hand of bio-immune treated plants were significantly higher compared to the control.

Agronomic performance and resistance level of banana cultivars to Mycosphaerella sp. under subtropical conditions

Agronomic performance of banana cultivars varies according to each ecological zone. Sigatoka disease complex causes severe economic losses to banana growers. Climate conditions associated to genotypes of banana plants influence several agronomic traits related to this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of banana cultivars naturally infected with Mycosphaerella sp. under subtropical conditions. Severity of Sigatoka disease complex and agronomic performance of nine cultivars were evaluated during three successive productive cycles. Tetraploid hybrids showed lower cycle from seedling to harvest, disease severity and higher number of leaves at harvest. Pomme and Cavendish subgroups were more susceptible to Sigatoka disease complex and had lower numbers of leaves at the harvest. ‘BRS SCS Belluna’ showed moderate susceptibility to Sigatoka disease complex. ‘FHIA 1’ and ‘Nanicão’ produced the heaviest bunch. Path analysis showed that Sigatoka disease complex can negatively affect bunch weight for two consecutive cropping cycles.

Benchmarking Water-Limited Yield Potential and Yield Gaps of Shiraz in the Barossa and Eden Valleys

Background and Aims. Vineyard performance is impacted by water availability including the amount and seasonality of rainfall, evapotranspiration, and irrigation volume. We benchmarked water-limited yield potential (Yw), calculated yield gaps as the difference between Yw and actual yield, and explored the underlying environmental and management causes of these gaps. Methods and Results. The yield and its components in two sections of 24 Shiraz vineyards were monitored during three vintages in the Barossa zone (GI). The frequency distribution of yield was L-shaped, with half the vineyards below 5.2 t·ha−1, and an extended tail of the distribution that reached 24.9 t·ha−1. The seasonal ratio of actual crop evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration was below 0.48 in 85% of cases, with a maximum of 0.65, highlighting a substantial water deficit in these vineyards. A boundary function relating actual yield and seasonal rainfall was fitted to quantify Yw. Yield gaps increased with an increasing vine water deficit, as quantified by the carbon isotope composition of the fruit. The yield gap was smaller with higher rainfall before budburst, putatively favouring early-season vegetative growth and allocation to reproduction, and with higher rainfall between flowering and veraison, putatively favouring fruit set and berry growth. The gap was larger with higher rainfall and lower radiation between budburst and flowering. The yield gap increased linearly with vine age between 6 and 33 yr at a rate of 0.3 t·ha−1·yr−1. The correlation between yield gap and yield components ranked bunch weight ≈ berries per bunch > bunch number > berry weight; the minimum to close the yield gap was 185,000 bunches ha−1, 105 g bunch−1, 108 berries bunch−1, and 1.1 g berry−1. Conclusions. Water deficit and vine age were major causes of yield gaps. Irrigation during winter and spring provides an opportunity to improve productivity. The cost of dealing with older, less productive vines needs to be weighed against the rate of increase in yield gap with vine age. Significance of the Study. A boundary function to estimate water-limited yield potential returned viticulturally meaningful yield gaps and highlighted potential targets to improve vineyard productivity.

Evaluation of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Genotypes for Growth, Phenological and Yield under North-Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India

Eight grape genotypes were evaluated during 2021-2022 at New orchard, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replication. The grape cultivars of five year old vines planted at spacing of 3.0m× 1.5m and trained on Y system of training. The forward pruning was done on 21st October, 2021. There were eight table grape genotypes under the evaluation study, i.e., Thompson Seedless, Manik Chaman, Sharad Seedless, 2A Clone, K.R. White, Manjari Naveen, Fantasy Seedless and Medica. Among genotypes, Medica recorded the maximum pruning weight (1.39 Kg vine-1), number of fruitful canes vine-1(36.00). Thompson Seedless observed maximum shoot length (126.49 cm). Manik Chaman recorded maximum cane diameter (10.31 mm). The genotype Thompson Seedless has recorded earliness in bud sprouting (7.10 days), minimum number of days to anthesis (29.12 days) and fruitset (35.25 days). The early ripening genotypes was Sharad Seedless (98.70 days). The maximum bunch weight was recorded in the genotype 2A Clone (598.87 g). The genotype Medica recorded the maximum number of bunches vine-1(112.00) with highest bunch yield (41.32 kg vine-1)

Kajian Pengaruh Perbedaan Kerapatan Tanam dan Tahun Tanam terhadap Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit

The oil palm yield depends on its genetic and the interaction with environmental factors is affected by spatial arrangement of palm trees. The research objectives are to determine the effect of population density and planting year on oil palm productivity and vegetative growth. This research uses a factorial design arranged with a randomized complete design. Secondary data are palm productivity, fresh bunch number and bunch weight that were collected for three years (2019—2022). Primary data are stem height, frond length, and stem gird which were measured on 90 trees for each treatment combination. There are nine combinations with 810 palm trees that were sampled from 27 estate blocks (30 hectares for one block). The results showed that productivity and amount of oil palm FFB at densities ≥ 142, 136-141, and ≤ 135 SPH and planting years 2007, 2009 and 2011 (mature crop 12-15, 10-13, and 8-11 years) did not show significant differences. The heavier bunch weight was produced palm tree planted in 2007 with density ± 135 trees.ha-1.