Bulblet Production Research Articles

Optimizing nutrient sources for quality bulb and bulblet production in LA hybrid lilium: A study in the North Indian plains.

LA hybrid lilium cv. ‘Masai’ bulbs were grown over two consecutive growth seasons in a net house to enhance the yield of high-quality bulbs and bulblets, utilizing both organic and inorganic nutrients. The experiment tested five levels of organic manure (FYM) (0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 t ha-1) and inorganic fertilizers (0, 40+30+25, 80+60+50, 120+90+75, and 160+120+100 N+P2O5+K2O kg ha-1). It assessed both individual and combined effects of nutrient sources, concluding that their combined application was most beneficial. Treatment T24, comprising 25 t FYM with 160 kg N, 120 kg P2O5, and 100 kg K2O ha-1, proved to be the most effective. The study revealed that treatment T24 resulted in the largest bulb circumference, the highest number of bulblets per plant, the greatest bulblet circumference, and the highest fresh and dry weights of both bulbs and bulblets per plant. It also led to the best relative growth rate (RGR) of the bulb, as well as the most efficient partitioning rates at both the flowering and harvest stages. Treatment T23 notably influenced the fresh and dry weights of the bulblets. The data suggest that T24 produces bulbs and bulblets of superior quality compared to other treatments, making it a viable choice for the commercial cultivation of quality LA hybrid lilium bulbs and bulblets in the plains of India.

Effect of Temperature on Breaking of Morphophysiological Dormancy and Seed Germination Leading to Bulblet Production in Two Endemic Tulip Species from Greece.

Due to botanical tulips' economic interest coupled with limited information regarding their seed germination, we investigated the effect of temperature on dormancy release and germination in two endangered local endemic tulip species of Greece (Tulipa hageri Heldr., T. orphanidea Heldr.). Their germination responses at five constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C) were evaluated in growth chambers, while the type of seed dormancy and the temperature effect on its release were determined based on open-sourced, R-derived species-specific ecological profiles illustrating abiotic conditions of their wild habitats. The results indicated a range-specific temperature dependence in seed germination for both studied species with seed germination observed only in very low temperatures (5-10 °C). The seeds of both species after dispersal had an underdeveloped embryo. The existence of a complex morphophysiological seed dormancy was confirmed in both species by the significant embryo development only at 5 and 10 °C (almost doubled after 30 days) coupled with observed delay in germination only at low temperatures. Furthermore, to facilitate their cultivation and ex situ conservation, the germinated seeds were planted in pots to develop bulblets in greenhouse conditions resulting in bigger T. orphanidea bulblets compared to T. hageri.

Effect of NPK, Humic Acid, Biofertilizer and Light Intensity on Vegetative Growth and Bulb Production of Narcissus trilandrus L. and Hyacinthus orientalis L.

This research was carried out in order to compare among three different fertilizers: bio, chemical, and organic. on two plants selected to conduct this research were (Narcissus and Hyacinths), which were cultivated in shaded and non-shaded locations from Autumn 2020 to Spring 2021 in Gerdarash field at the college campus. The vegetative traits of the two plants, as well as the production of bulblets, were measured properly. Regarding Narcissus, the bio-fertilizer showed the most promising result when it came to the number of leaves and bulblets (3.67, 1.67 per plant respectively). The chemical fertilizer showed better results in the height of the plants (32.67 cm) and the diameter of the flowers (11 cm). The organic fertilizer was compared to the control. For the Hyacinth plants, the bio-fertilizer proved its superiority in plant height (27 cm), flower petiole length (12.33 cm), number of flowers (32.33), flower diameter (6.33cm), and new bulblets with three ones compared to another treatment and control. Whereas for lighting, we recommend planting the ornamental bulbs in open and non-shaded places as it obtained the best results for vegetative and floral traits for both plants.

Effect of management practice and bulb sizes for quality bulb production in Lilium (Lilium sp.)

An experiment was conducted at Floriculture division of Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur, during November 2019 - June 2021 to study the effect of management practices and bulb sizes on production of quality bulb and bulblets of lilium (Lilium sp.). Two management practices, viz. removal of spikes and without removal of spikes were considered as one factor and three bulb sizes, viz. large, medium and small as another factor in a randomized complete block design. Removal of spikes produced maximum number of bulbs and bulblets/plant (1.41 and 1.81, respectively), the heaviest and largest bulb (26.02g and 4.47cm) and bulblets/plant (6.88g). Large-sized bulbs produced maximum number of bulbs and bulblets/plant (1.51 and 1.98, respectively), heaviest and largest bulb (27.80g and 4.67cm, respectively) and bulblets/plant (7.92g). The removal of spikes produced longest plant (52.58 cm), spike (64.05 cm), rachis (22.18 cm) and bud (8.69 cm) and largest bud and floret (2.80 and 16.96 cm, respectively) and maximum number of florets/stick (4.78) from bulbs obtained during first year. Considering various levels of bulb sizes, large-sized bulbs produced longest plant (53.77 cm), spike (67.22 cm), rachis (23.17 cm) and bud (8.86 cm) and largest bud and florets (2.86 and 17.14 cm, respectively) and maximum number of florets/stick (5.11) from bulbs obtained during the first year. Similarly, removal of spikes and large-sized bulbs produced a good number of bulbs and bulblets during second year from bulbs obtained during the first year. Large-sized bulbs combined with removal of spikes produced quality bulbs as well as flowers.

Effect of Temperature and Sucrose on In Vitro Seed Germination and Bulblet Production of Pancratium maritimum L.

Sea daffodil is a perennial medicinal plant with several beneficial health properties that is enlisted as an endangered and protected species. For the exploitation and conservation of such valuable species, sustainable propagation is a key factor. For this purpose, the establishment of in vitro cultures using botanical seeds is an effective way to produce a large number of microplants which can be used as propagating material and/or bulblets with further uses for the isolation–production of biocactive substances. In this work, we performed two separate experiments where we studied (a) the effect of temperature (10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C) on seed germination in vitro and (b) the effect of temperature (10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C) and sucrose concentration (40 and 80 g/L) in growth medium on microplant development and the production of bulblets. Seed germination rates were high (over 70%) at a wide range of temperatures (15–30 °C), although the fastest and the most uniform germination was observed at 20–25 °C. Regarding the effect of temperature on microplant development and bulblet production, low temperatures (10 °C) had a negative effect on the number of leaves, bulb diameter, and fresh weight (F.W.) and dry weight (D.W.) of leaves, roots, and bulblets. The best growth of microplants (number of leaves, F.W. and D.W. of leaves, roots) and bulblet production (diameter, F.W., and D.W.) were observed in culture media with sucrose concentration 40 g/L and temperature of 30 °C. In culture medium with a sucrose concentration of 80 g/L the production of bulbs (diameter, F.W., and D.W.) was not inferior to culture media with a sucrose concentration of 40 g/L, although microplants had less root growth. It is concluded that the best treatment for the production of well-rooted microplants with large bulblets that could be used as propagating material or for the production of bulblets as a source for twin scales explants or pharmaceutical substances was the culture at 30 °C in culture medium with sucrose concentration 40 g/L. On the other hand, culture medium with a sucrose concentration of 80 g/L at 30 °C or 20 °C could be also used for the production of bulblets.

Methods and Factors Influencing In Vitro Propagation Efficiency of Ornamental Tuberose (Polianthes Species): A Systematic Review of Recent Developments and Future Prospects

In vitro propagation greatly boosts the propagation rate and allows for the development of disease-free plants. In the near future, new in vitro propagation methods could make it easier to produce plants true to type on a wide scale and to use genetic engineering to improve genotypes. Various factors, such as genotype, explant type, size of explants, position of explants on the medium, plant growth regulators and certain additives, incubation conditions, and sub-culturing time, all have a significant impact on the in vitro generation of plantlets and bulblets. However, numerous studies on in vitro propagation have been published, but there is very little information on the parameters that affect the in vitro efficiency of tuberose. The efficiency of bulblet production in ornamental tuberose as well as different physical, nutritional, and hormonal aspects are discussed in this manuscript along with several in vitro propagation strategies (direct, indirect, and somatic embryogenesis). Future research opportunities and the use of creative ways to improve ornamental tuberose are also highlighted. As a whole, this review provides an insight toward a complete protocol for in vitro propagation in tuberose, highlighting the factors influencing the in vitro efficiency and future strategies for improving in vitro plantlets and bulblets in ornamental tuberose.

The Effect of Scale Position and Type of Growing Medium on Bulblet Production in Hybrid Lilium Cv. Serrano

The Effect of Scale Position and Type of Growing Medium on Bulblet Production in Hybrid Lilium Cv. Serrano

In vitro propagation of bulblets and LC\u2013MS/MS analysis of isosteroidal alkaloids in tissue culture derived materials of Chinese medicinal herb Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don

BackgroundFritillaria cirrhosa, an important Chinese medicinal herb, is a Class-III protected and highly exploited species by pharmaceutical industry. Dwindling wild populations of species are unable to meet market demand. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop an in vitro propagation method for bulblet production. Also, the study aimed to carry out LC–MS/MS analysis of tissue culture-derived bulblets and callus for the presence of isosteroidal alkaloids (peimissine, verticine, and verticinone), and compare its quantities with commercially available crude drug samples.ResultsIn vitro seed germination (91%) of F. cirrhosa was achieved on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium (MSBM) supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (1 mg L−1) and α-naphthalene-acetic-acid (0.4 mg L−1). On transfer of germinated seeds from Petri-dishes to glass bottles containing hormone-free MSBM, 37.5% of seedlings developed bulblets after 3 months of incubation. Regeneration and multiplication of bulblets were achieved by culture of transverse sections of bulblets on 1/2 X MSBM. By repeated subcultures at an interval of 2 months, 3072 bulblets weighing 1270 g could be produced at the end of 5th subculture. LC–MS/MS analysis showed a significant presence of peimissine in in vitro bulblets while callus incubated in the dark showed presence of peimissine and verticine.ConclusionThe study reports an efficient in vitro propagation method of bulblets production of F. cirrhosa and presence of some isosteroidal alkaloids in tissue culture-derived bulblets and callus. The study could be of immense help in production of F. cirrhosa bulblets and callus under laboratory conditions round the year. Also, these results can be used further to investigate production of isosteroidal alkaloids in bioreactors at commercial scale using liquid and cell suspension cultures. Thus, we not only can reduce our dependence on collections from natural habitats, but also can help in in situ conservation of this important species.

An <i>In Vitro</i> Culture System for the Conservation and Production of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Lilium dauricum</i>

Lilium dauricum is a rare and endangered species belonging to the family Liliaceae. The species contains several bioactive compounds used as functional foods and medicinal agents in Northeast Asia. This study aimed (1) to establish an in vitro bulblet culture using an air-lift bioreactor and callus culture for the conservation of L. dauricum and obtaining its bioactive compounds; (2) investigate the plant phenolic compounds from both cultures system. The highest bulblet production with 12.5-fold increase in growth rate was obtained using MS medium supplemented with 0.5 g L-1 BA and 3% sucrose. Addition of 7% sucrose facilitated bulblet enlargement, with approximate 2.5- and 7-fold increases in diameter and fresh weight, respectively. The highest rate of callus (100%) was obtained using a combination of 1.0 mg L-1 picloram and 0.5 mg L-1 Kinetin. The callus proliferation occurred on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 picloram, 0.25 mg L-1 kinetin, and 0.25 g L-1 casein hydrolysate. There was a significant difference in the total phenolic compound content of callus, which was 1.5-fold higher than that in the bulblets. These findings indicate a suitable system for optimizing both bulblet and callus culture of L. dauricum, therefore, providing useful bio-materials for industrial purposes and contributing to the conservation of this species.

Effect of light condition and height of flower harvesting on bulb and bulblet production in Asiatic hybrid lily

Effect of light condition and height of flower harvesting on bulb and bulblet production in Asiatic hybrid lily

In vivo bulblet multiplication in LA lilium hybrids through scaling technique

Lilium is a high value flower but difficult to multiply through conventional propagation methods. Therefore, an attempt has been made with an objective to multiply maximum bulblets through scaling under differentstorage durations and temperature conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomizeddesign (factorial) consisting of different storage durations (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks), type of scales (outer andinner) and temperature regime (4° and 2°C) on three lilium cultivars, namely/Brindisi, Ercolana and Pavia. Theresults showed that bulblet production decreased from outer to inner scales and showed a positive correlationwith the scale width. Nine week storage resulted in early bud sprouting and root initiation due to breaking ofdormancy. However, size of bulblets were recorded more in the scales planted just after harvesting. Total weightof bulblets per scale was directly related to the number of bulblets per scale produced. Maximum number ofbulblets (3.28) per scale was produced in the cv. Pavia followed by Ercolana (3.10) and Brindisi (2.18). Sixweeks storage duration at 4°C was recorded best for cv. Brindisi. However, 9 week storage (4°C) was best forcvs Ercolana and Pavia with regard to maximum bulblet production. While, maximum rooting and root lengthwere recorded in the cv. Brindisi followed by Ercolana and Pavia.

Hormone and antioxidant responses of Lilium Oriental hybrids ‘Sorbonne’ bulblets to humic acid treatments in vitro

ABSTRACTThe lily cultivar introduction is a very long process and bulblet development a limiting element in the entire cycle. The aim of the present study was to acquire a highly synchronized model system to gain insight into the bulbing process. Subsequently, this system was implemented to quantify the efficacy of humic acid applications to evaluate the hypothesized positive effect on bulblet growth. Based on weight, bulblet production was promoted with low humic acid concentration treatment (0.2 mg/L, LHA), showing 0.47 g weight and 11.68 mm diameter, while inhibitory effects were observed with increased doses. LHA significantly decreased the gibberellic acid content, and a pronounced phytohormone balance (promotive/inhibitive) was observed, which might be beneficial for the translocation of assimilates from the shoot to sink organs (bulblets). Intriguingly, LHA increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities compared with the control during the early development stages, implicating a possible role for elimination of reactive oxygen species, thereby favouring cell expansion. In conclusion, we initially reported the effects of HA on the development of bulbous plants, showing that a relatively low dose markedly increased the bulblets size via positive GA and antioxidant responses. However, the mechanism of action needs further evaluation.

A Simple Reliable Protocol for Cytogentically Stable Mass Propagation of Ornithogalum virens Lindl.

Ornithogalum virens is a plant of horticultural importance but recently researches are focused on its medicinal importance. A simple reliable protocol has been standardized for micropropagation of O. virens to produce a cytologically stable progeny with least polysomatic variation of chromosome number. Among different explants, bulb scales showed the maximum potential for organogenesis. From a single bulb scale 37 bulblets have been produced within 16 weeks of inoculation. A low concentration of auxin with different concentrations of cytokinin is suitable for organogenesis. A higher level of auxin induces callus formation. Bulblet production was the maximum in the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 2 mg/l 2iP. O. virens normally has a chromosome number of 2n=6. In nature it shows a common occurrence of polysomaty. The somatic plates that deviate from normal 2n=6 specially 2n=12 are of quite common occurrence (approximately 18?25% per root tip). Strikingly the tissue culture regenerants show a uniform chromosome number 2n=6, frequency of polyploidy being negligible. RAPD profile of the explants and its regenerants are almost same. Five primer sets give more number of bands with explants’ DNA. Moreover, the intensity of the bands of source plant is sometimes more than that of the regenerants. This may coincides with the fact that in the source plant the somatic chromosome number is 2n=6 and 12, whereas in regenerants it is 2n=6.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 1-14, 2016 (June)

Effects of nitrogen form of nutrient solution on uptake and concentration macro element and morphological trait in hydroponic tulip

ABSTRACTEffects of nutrient solution composition ratio on (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cv, ʹApricot Parrotʹ and ʹDaytonaʹ growth and flowering were studied hydroponics. Plants were grown with five treatments respectively: S1(0), S2(0.01), S3(0.02) S4(0.03) and S5(0.04) meq L.-1 ammonium or 0,0.38, 0.74, 0.11 and 0.14 ammonium (NH4+)/NH4+nitrate (NO3)−ratios. Flowering was accelerated by increase of ammonium level for both cultivars. Nutrition solution was not significant on the stem length of Daytona cultivar, but maximum flowering stem length occurred S2 solution for Apricot Parrot cultivar. Increasing ammonium level, decreased potassium concentration in the aerial parts. Total nitrogen of new bulbs decreased with increasing ammonium level for both cultivars. Maximum bulblet production rate occurred in plants that were fed with S5 solution. Maximum flower longevity was in S2 solution for both cultivars. growth and quality of tulip were affected by ammonium level in nutrient solution, so for obtain the best flower quality must added to nutrient solution.

Bulblet Production of Lilium Asiatic Hybrids Depends on Its Discrete Parts and Scale Conditions

Bulblet Production of Lilium Asiatic Hybrids Depends on Its Discrete Parts and Scale Conditions

Micropropagation of Hippeastrum hybridum

According to the conventional and traditional propagation of Amaryllis is very low rate and less efficiency, Research in the field of plant micropropagation was necessary. Current research aims to achieve an optimal and efficient micropropagation protocol of this plant. Accordingly, the impact of plant growth regulators of 2,4-D in four levels (0.0, 5.0, 1 and 2 mg/L), IAA in four levels (0.0, 2, 5 and 10 mg/L), BAP with three levels (0.0, 1 and 2 mg/L) and the combination of IAA and BAP in two types of medium including NL and MS was investigated in the regenation of stablishment stage of five different explants . Explants were varied from single scale, twin scale, scape, basal plate and single scale without basal plate. Parameters evaluated were: percentage callusing, percent of bulblet production, produced bulblet number, bulblet diameter and rooting percentage. Current researchwere designed on a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replication.Results of variance analysis showed that highest rate of callus production were seen in the present of 2mg/L of 2,4-D. Moreover highest rate of bulblet production were seen with twin scale and single scale explants and highest number of bulbs were seen with single scale explants that was cultured in NL medium containing 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D. The greatest diameter of bulblets regardless of growth regulators was observed in both twin scale and single scale explants were cultured on MS medium. Since the main objective of the study was to achieve a higher number of bulblet. Therefore, among the applied treatments, NL medium containing 5.0 mg/L 2,4-D was the most desirable options and the best type of explant to culture the single scale explant was proposed.

MATURATING, ENLARGING AND BREAKING DORMANCY OF IN VITRO LILIUM BULBLETS

One of the most effective ways to propagate Lilium is by using tissue culture techniques, preferably through bulblet production. In addition to the surviving percentage of Lilium bulbs after transplantation, the small size of in vitro bulblets compared to commercial bulbs and bulblets‟ dormancy are the most important constraints to commercializing Lilium micropropagation. Different concentrations of sucrose or sorbitol as carbohydrate sources were investigated as maturation and enlargement factors on in vitro bulblets of Lilium longiflorum cv. „Ceb-dazzle‟. Five concentrations of gibberellic acid and 4°C cold treatment for 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 weeks in the greenhouse were studied in relation to the dormancy breaking of three in vitro Lilium bulblets cultivars: „Simplon‟, „Navona‟ and „Ceb-dazzle‟, which belong to the Oriental, Asiatic and LA hybrids. The results showed that 3% of sucrose and two weeks of culture significantly increased the bulblet maturation and enlargement of „Ceb-dazzle‟. One mg L-1 gibberellic acid for six weeks, or cold treatment for six to eight weeks, had significant positive effects on the dormancy breaking of in vitro bulblets of Lilium cultivars.

In vitro micropropagation from immature embryos of the endemic and endangered Muscari muscarimi Medik.

An efficient in vitro bulblet production procedure from immature zygotic embryos of endemic and endangered Muscari muscarimi Medik. was described in the current study. Zygotic embryos were first isolated from immature seeds and cultured on different nutrient media compositions supplemented with various combinations of \alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), picloram, dicamba, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and thidiazuron (TDZ). The best bulblet regeneration (59 bulblets per explant) was achieved in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 4 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA after 1 year of culture initiation. Regenerated bulblets were then transferred into MS medium without plant growth regulators for rooting. Bulblets produced well-developed root systems and increased their size on this medium after 2 months. All rooted bulblets were successfully transplanted into a potting mixture and acclimatized to ambient conditions.

Developmental response of hybrid lilies to bulb removal date

The effect of different bulb removal date on the development of underground organs particularly bulblets of four lily hybrids was investigated. Three treatments were used included the bulbs were not removed (control) or removed 6 and 8 weeks after planting .The test hybrids were Royal show (LA hybrids), White heaven (L. longiflorum hybrid), Sorbonne and Premium blond (Oriental hybrids).The results indicated that the development of underground organs of plant was greatly influenced by bulb removal. However, both 6, 8 weeks treatments significantly increased the bulblet production compared to control treatment, but 8 weeks treatment recorded the highest production. The six weeks treatment had stronger induced effect on the emerged shoots from bulblets. The hybrid lilies differed significantly for all observed traits. However, the Royal show cultivar recorded the highest values of bulblets number and weight. The White heaven cultivar showed the best capability of the shoots emergence from the bulblets and from the daughters which grown inside the mother bulbs. Both Sorbonne and Premium blond cultivars had more growth of stem roots, less bulblets, no emerged shoots, compared to other cultivars. All these observations suggest that the technique of bulb removal have a potential use to stimulate the plant to produce more bulblets and the tested hybrids of lilies showed significant differences in their capability for bulblets formation and in their response to bulb removal. Key words: Hybrid lilies, underground organs, bulb removal date, bulblets.

The Influence of Chilling and Chipping of Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum) Bulbs on Plant Growth and Reproduction

AbstractGreenhouse studies were conducted on two southern Illinois star-of-Bethlehem populations to determine the influence of chilling and bulb chipping on plant growth and reproduction. Chilling was not required for leaf emergence of dormant bulbs, but an increase to 10 wk of chilling proportionally delayed leaf emergence by 41 and 42 d for the Murphysboro and the Marion populations, respectively. Bulb chipping did reduce plant height when compared to plants from nonchipped bulbs. Also, chipped bulbs produced a greater number of small daughter bulbs compared to nonchipped bulbs; however, total bulblet production was variable and dependent on population, mother bulb size, and chipping treatment. Overall, bulb chipping did not have any negative influence on star-of-Bethlehem and might promote increased daughter bulblet production. Therefore, field operations, such as tillage, that cut and chip bulbs might actually accentuate both the spread and density of star-of-Bethlehem infestations.