Bukit Batu Research Articles

Waktu Kering Angin Pada Daun dan Tangkai Terhadap Mutu dan Rendemen Minyak Nilam Aceh (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

Study of the yield and quality of Aceh patchouli oil from leaves and stalks at several drying times, in Bukit Batu, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan. Treatment of drying time patchouli leaves and stalks to a certain extent can increase the yield of patchouli oil produced. 4 days drying treatment leaves produced the highest yield of 5.17%, stalks for 8 days produced the highest yield of 3.78% decreasing with the longer drying time. The lowest yields without desiccation (control) on leaves and stalks were 1.4% and 1.16%. Drying time treatment of patchouli leaves and stalks to some extent increased the patchouly alcohol content of patchouli oil produced. Drying time treatment for 8 days produced the highest patchouly alcohol in leaves (31.48%) and stalks (29.71%) then decreased with the longer drying time. 
 The lowest patchouly alcohol content in the control treatment 22.94% and 19.73% in the leaves and stalks. Physical and chemical properties of patchouli oil characteristics (color, optical rotation, specific gravity, refractive index and patchouly alcohol), that the quality of patchouli oil produced by the control is low. Quality requirements of patchouli oil based on SNI No. 06-2385-1991

Analysis of the Involvement and Role of Women Farmers in Peatland Horticultural Agricultural Development Efforts (Case Study of Horticultural Agricultural Land Belonging to the Maju Jaya Bersama Farmer Group in Kampung Baru Hamlet, Batang Duku Village, Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province)

Maju Jaya Bersama Farmer Group is one of the horticultural farming groups assisted by CSR PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional RU II Produksi Sungai Pakning, which has been empowered since 2022, is located in Kampung Baru Hamlet, Batang Duku Village, Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The empowerment assistance carried out by the company aims to improve the habits of farmers in agricultural land processing techniques that are not environmentally friendly and to increase the capacity of group members in developing agriculture. Another goal is to encourage the optimization of the application of irrigation management on agricultural land, regulate land spatial planning to strengthen group institutions. The program implemented by the company promotes inclusivity by taking into account the needs and interests of members of women's groups. This effort is carried out through education related to the processing of harvested products and access to marketing as well as empowerment in social and political aspects so that they have the capability to be directly involved and actively participate in group planning and policies. Therefore, this research is focused on analyzing the participation and role of women farmers and the social capital owned by the group in encouraging the sustainability of the community empowerment program initiated by CSR PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional RU II Produksi Sungai Pakning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach supported by data collection techniques by snowball sampling. The results of the study show that economic factors are the main reason why female members of the Maju Jaya Bersama Farmer Group join to help meet household needs. They have a significant role in managing agricultural land even though they have a double burden because they still have to work at home. Their active participation in forms, ideas, labor, and decision-making has resulted in changes in land management and management systems that are able to overcome problems within the group. The access of female members to gain knowledge is an important aspect for increasing knowledge and skills so that their role and participation in the group is increasing and sustainable.

Identification of Types and Abundance of Solid Waste in Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bengkalis Regency

Various human activities to fulfill their welfare by producing food, drinks and other goods which in turn can generate solid waste and liquid waste. Solid waste often contaminates residential areas, coastal mangroves, and the aquatic environment. In addition, the mangrove coast which is used as a tourist area can also receive solid waste as a result of local activities. This study aims to identify the type and abundance of solid waste in Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bengkalis Regency. This research was conducted in Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency. The method in this study is a survey method. Sampling technique using the quadrant transect method, each station was drawn as many as 5 transects, each transect consisted of 5 plots with a quadrant plot size of 5 x 5 m2. The data analyzed included identifying the amount of solid waste, calculating the abundance of solid waste, analyzing the differences in the type and abundance of solid waste between stations and measuring environmental parameters. The results showed that the highest abundance of solid waste was obtained during the weekend at 3.15 units/m2. The second highest was before the weekend of 2.53 units/m2, the lowest solid waste was obtained during the weekend of 2.36 units/m2. Meanwhile, the highest weight of solid waste was found in the tourist area of the Mangrove Education Center (MEC), the second highest came from the community settlements of Pangkalan Jambi Village and the lowest was in the Mangrove Area of Pangkalan Jambi Village. The types of solid waste at the research location are plastic, metal, glass, rubber, wood, cloth and others

ESTIMATION OF CARBON RESERVES IN SEDIMENTS IN THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF BUKIT BATU VILLAGE, BENGKALIS REGENCY, RIAU

This research was carried out in December 2021. Sampling and water quality measurements were carried out in the Bukit Batu Muara River, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. Sample analysis was continued at the Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The purpose of this study was to determine the estimation of carbon stocks in sediments, the comparison of carbon stocks between transects, and the relationship between density and carbon stocks in the Muara Sungai Bukit Batu mangrove area, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The method used in this study is a survey method. Parameters measured included mangrove density (Ind/Ha), organic matter content, and carbon stock in sediments. In addition, water quality was also measured in the form of temperature, salinity, and degree of acidity. Analysis of carbon stock using the loss on ignition method. The result of the average density of mangroves throughout the transect is 3733.33 (Ind/Ha). The lowest carbon stock value in sediments is in transect 2 with medium mangrove density with a value of 29.26 tons/ha, while the highest carbon stock value is in transect 3 with high-density mangrove areas with a value of 36.15 tons/ha. The results of a simple linear regression to determine the relationship between mangrove density and carbon stock show a coefficient of determination R² = 0.023, which means that 2.3% of total carbon stock is affected by density, while 97.7% is influenced by other factors. The value of R = 0.152, which means that the relationship between density and carbon stock in the Bukit Batu River estuary area, Bengkalis Regency, is low.

PENENTUAN KAPASITAS PENGAMBILAN PT.PSP BERDASARKAN ANALISA NERACA AIR SUB DAS CEMPAGA DAS MENTAYA WS MENTAYA KATINGAN

PT Pelaran Sawit Perkasa (PSP) is located in Bukit Batu Village, Cempaga Hulu District, East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan. PT PSP needs water for palm oil industry activities and raw water in employee settlements. PT PSP's intake is in the Cempaga watershed. The Cempaga Watershed has an area of 983.83 square kilometers, with the dominant land use of plantations amounting to 76.2% of the total watershed area. From the results of the FJ Mock analysis, the average discharge data for 15 days is between 30.12 m3/second to 108.36 m3/second. The maintenance discharge was calculated using the Flow Duration Curve method and obtained discharge rates ranging from 4.38 m3/second in the driest season to 56.96 m3/second in the rainy season. Intake Cempaga is planned to serve WTP with a production capacity of 16.7 liters/second or 1 m3/minute with an operational pattern of taking water for 20 hours/day and a collection period of 26 days per month. The results of the water balance at the Cempaga intake are surplus, with values between 0.42 m3/second to 26.21 m3/second.

GEOARCHAEOSITES FOR HERITAGE TOURISM PRODUCT OF KUALA MUDA DISTRICT, KEDAH, MALAYSIA

Archaeological research in the Kuala Muda district until 2022 has recorded three archaeological complexes that are still in-situ and can be visited by tourists. The archaeological evidence at Sungai Batu, Bukit Batu Pahat and Pengkalan Bujang Archaeological Complex which proves the existence of the Kedah Tua kingdom as the main trading location in the world. In order to obtain primary data, field research such as surveys, mapping and archaeological excavations are carried out to obtain in-situ data. The results of the study revealed that the Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex has been used as an iron smelting industrial area since 788 BC while the Bukit Batu Pahat and Pengkalan Bujang Archaeological Complexes have been used as a port and a Hindu-Buddhist complex since the 7th Century AD to the 13th Century AD. Based on the uniqueness of the archaeological data in the complex, as many as five tourism packages have been created to preserve this archaeological heritage tourism with the Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex (SBAC) has been made as a one stop center for the management of the tourism package.

Model Implementation of the Village Sustainable Development Goals Policy in Buruk Bakul Village Bukit Batu District Bengkalis

The implementation of the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) policy in Indonesia is stated in Presidential Regulation Number 59 of 2017 concerning the implementation of achieving sustainable development goals, which will then become a reference for making village SDGs policies. The implementation of the Village SDGs begins in 2021 with all village limitations through the regulation of the minister of villages, development of disadvantaged regions, and transmigration Number 13 of 2020 concerning priority for use of village funds in 2021 in article 5 paragraph 2, stating that priority for use of village funds is directed to programs and/or activities that accelerate the achievement of the village SDGs. The implementation of the village SDGs in Buruk Bakul Village is still very low, even the lowest compared to other villages in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency. This can be seen from the SDGs score of Buruk Bakul Village, which is worth 28.41 points. This study aimed to analyze the Village SDGs policy’s implementation and the inhibiting factors for implementing the village SDGs policy in Buruk Bakul Village. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. According to the study’s findings, the implementation of the village SDG policy in Buruk Bakul Village has been a failure in terms of policy content and policy environment. This is because the inhibiting factor for implementing the village SDGs policy is the incompatibility of the village SDGs assessment indicators with village characteristics, the ability of policy implementers, and limited resources. To overcome the limited capacity of these resources, you can use the triple helix model or the interconnected relationship (MIR) model by involving the business world and universities.
 Keywords: implementation, model, policy, village SDGs

Analisis Prospektif Strategi Pengelolaan Kawasan Gambut Secara Berkelanjutan Pasca Kebakaran di Kecamatan Bukit Batu Kabupaten Bengkalis

Peat areas have unique characteristics as wetlands on land but are highly flammable if there are El Nino symptoms. The peat area has a protection function and a cultivation function and this is important for the life of living things. To date in 2021, where this research was conducted, the condition of the peat area in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency is very easy to burn, this requires a sustainable peat area management strategy from the ecological, social, and economic aspects so that fires do not occur in the future. This research can be useful for stakeholders to manage peat areas in a sustainable manner by taking into account the ecological, economic, and social aspects. Repeated fires in the same location make peat even more degraded. For this reason, it is necessary to manage post-fire peat areas, so a management strategy using prospective analysis is needed. The prospective analysis is a method that can be used to find strategies that can be applied in the future. The results of the prospective analysis in this study recommend that there are three strategies that need to be applied, from the ecological aspect, namely the conservation and rehabilitation strategy, from the social aspect, namely the MPA-preneurship strategy and from the economic aspect, namely the strategy of using burned land. These three strategies can be carried out simultaneously and holistically by involving many stakeholders in peat areas.

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH TRAINING FOR VCO (VIRGIN COCONUT OIL) MAKING IN TANGKILING, BUKIT BATU SUB-DISTRICT, PALANGKA RAYA CITY

The goals of community service can be formulated as follows: Empowering the community, developing environmental potential, Providing knowledge, skills, values and attitudes to mothers so that they become economically productive through training on making VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) in Tangkiling, Bukit Batu City District Palangkaraya. The community empowerment implementation method used is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is an approach that emphasizes community involvement in all activities. The PRA method aims to make community members become researchers, planners and implementers of development programs and not just objects of development. The methods used in this training are as follows: Lectures and questions and answers are used to provide information about how to make VCO coconut oil for trainees, Demonstrations or demonstrations are used to practice making coconut oil, introducing equipment and materials in making oil Coconut VCO (virgin coconut oil). Results of community service; Community empowerment through training on making VCO (virgin coconut oil) in Tangkiling, Bukit Batu District, was positively responded by the training participants, namely housewives and they were very happy and enthusiastic to participate and be directly involved in the training on making VCO, because they were equipped with knowledge, skills, values and attitudes in the process of making coconut oil and the process of packaging its products. The next result is to make housewives economically productive to continuously make VCO or coconut oil products so that they become superior products in Tangkiling considering that Tangkiling is a tourist spot.

Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan dan Dampak Sosial Kawasan HTI di Kecamatan Bukit Batu Kabupaten Bengkalis Provinsi Riau

Industrial plantation forest is a plantation forest established in order to increase the potential and quality of the production forest by implementing an intensive silvicultural system to meet the raw material needs of the forest product industry. In realizing the development of HTI, many parties and stakeholders are involved, one of which is the community, to be precise, the people living around the industrial forest area, whose existence cannot be separated from the forest, must receive attention, especially from the company owning the HTI concerned. The location of this study is in Bengkalis Regency, focused on the Bukit Batu District (Babad Bakul and Sukajadi Villages). In each research village, 25 samples consisting of 10 households and 15 key informants were selected purposively (purposive sampling). Information was collected through interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). Primary and secondary data are used in this study, both quantitative and qualitative. Primary data was collected through structured and semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and direct village observations). The results of the identification of social impacts found several negative impacts from the existence of HTI companies on the people in the survey villages, namely land ownership conflicts, labor recruitment, and road dust that interfered with the residents' health. Although the positive impact felt by the community from the presence of HTI companies is CSR assistance for activities carried out by local residents, such as commemorating the anniversary of Indonesia's independence year, sports competitions, and others. Recommendations for impact management and monitoring plans, namely the establishment of an active participatory communication system and facilities involving all levels of society, development of educational programs, knowledge and skills of local communities that support entrepreneurial activities, establishing safety and security systems and facilities together with surrounding communities involving government agencies and local NGOs/NGOs and MPAs, evaluate all activities and documentation of CSR funding assistance that has been carried out, involve local contractor staff if there is relevant internal training or workshops as an effort to improve the quality of human resources, and prepare important material suitable for consumption by the community with activity photo designs interesting and easily understood by the general public.

An Analysis of Students’ Motivation in Learning English During Pandemic Covid-19 at the Seventh Grade of SMPN 1 Bukit Batu

This research is motivated by most of the students have low participation in learning English during pandemic COVID-19. The aim is to know Students' intrinsic motivation and Students’ extrinsic motivation in learning English during pandemic COVID-19. The method used is a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The subjects of this research are the students of seventh grade of SMPN 1 Bukit Batu in the academic year of 2021/2022. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling, the researcher takes the sample using lottery so that this study used 86 students to be used as samples. The data in this study were obtained by distributing questionnaires in the form of statements using a Likert scale. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results of this study show that 1) The average level of students' intrinsic motivation in learning English during the pandemic COVID-19 is in the excellent category. 2) Average level of students' extrinsic motivation in learning English during the pandemic COVID-19 in the Good category

Environmental Communication through Corporate Social Responsibility in Overcoming Peatland Fire Problems

Corporate communications should be integrated with environmental conservation campaigns. This research aims to explore the role of Pertamina's CSR in overcoming environmental problems related to peatland fires in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency. The researcher used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The subjects of this research are Pertamina's CSR practitioners and the community. The results show that Pertamina's CSR contributes in campaigning for environmental sustainability and preventing forest fires through the program of "Kampung Gambut Berdikari". CSR communication is carried out on a group basis, namely the Tunas Makmur Farmers Group and the Fire Care Community (MPA) forum to tackle and prevent fires on peatlands. These CSR activities increases environmental awareness and improves the economic welfare of the community. The activities are based on the development of peat arboretum ecotourism and the development of pineapple plantations. This peat arboretum ecotourism becomes an important communication medium to educate the farming community, school students, youth and also visitors. CSR activities should not only be oriented towards corporate image, but its success can be imitated, transmitted and developed in other areas prone to fire disasters.

The Correlation Between Principal Leadership, Subordinate Maturity and Achievement Motivation with Teacher Job Stress at Public Elementary Schools, Bukit Batu District, Palangkaraya

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect correlation between principal leadership, subordinate maturity and achievement motivation with the work-related stress of public teachers at Bukit Batu District, Palangkaraya. The researchers used a correlational method with a quantitative approach which was formulated into a path analysis model. The study population of this study consisted of 171 teachers from 16 elementary schools in Bukit Batu District and 119 respondents were taken as the research sample using the proportional sampling technique. The researchers used a questionnaire to collect the data. The data analysis used was descriptive analysis, classic assumption test, hypothesis testing and path analysis. The results of the analysis of the regression coefficient value of the principal leadership variable (X1) and work-related stress (Y) are -0.253, school principal leadership (X2) and achievement motivation (Z) are 0.264, subordinate maturity (X2) and work-related stress (Y) are - 0.342, subordinate maturity (X2) and achievement motivation (Z) of 0.596, achievement motivation (Z) and work-related stress (Y) of -0.288, principal leadership (X1) and work-related stress (Y) through achievement motivation (Z) of -0.076 and maturity of subordinates (X2) and work-related stress (Y) through achievement motivation of -0.157. The conclusions of this study is a description of the principal's leadership in the high category, subordinate maturity, achievement motivation and workrelated stress of SDN teachers in Bukit Batu District in the medium category. There is a significant direct correlation between principal leadership, subordinate maturity and achievement motivation with teacher work-related stress. There is an indirect correlation between principal leadership and subordinate maturity with teacher stress through achievement motivation at SDN Bukit Batu District, Palangkaraya.

The Correlation Between Principal Leadership, Subordinate Maturity and Achievement Motivation with Teacher Job Stress at Public Elementary Schools, Bukit Batu District, Palangkaraya

The Correlation Between Principal Leadership, Subordinate Maturity and Achievement Motivation with Teacher Job Stress at Public Elementary Schools, Bukit Batu District, Palangkaraya

Empowerment of Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in the Context of Optimizing the Assets of Nyuhtebel Village, Manggis District, Karangasem Regency

Optimizing the assets owned by the village is very important in order to increase the welfare of the village community in a sustainable manner. Village-owned Enterprises (BUMDes) are village-owned business entities that have a very strategic role as a pillar of village hopes to improve the welfare of its people. In order for Bumdes to develop more quickly, Bumdes really need to be empowered according to their respective potentials. The purpose of this activity in general is to identify village potential that can be developed, find suitable business activities to implement, identify community needs that can be handled by BUMDes, encourage village community participation in BUMDes development. The methods used include observing village conditions, providing outreach to village communities, conducting interviews, and analyzing data obtained from these activities. The results of this activity are 1) Finding some tourism potential in Nyuhtebel Village. Such as jogging track, village library, Bukit Batu Gede, and BUMdes Café and Batu Madeg Beach; 2) Provide recommendations to Nyuhtebel Village officials regarding business activities that are suitable for implementation in the Village and in accordance with community needs, such as creating a business line as a supplier, this is in line with the environment of Nyuhtebel Village which coincides with the tourism sector. Thus, it is easier for tourism actors in the area to access purchases of supporting tourism needs such as vegetables, mineral water, kitchen equipment, toiletries, etc.; 3) recommend potential that is in accordance with the current conditions of the Village and the needs of the community so that BUMDes are expected to be able to improve community welfare. The potential for Nyuhtebel Village that is suitable for viewing the environment of Nyuhtebel Village as a tourism buffer zone is to create a business line related to tourism such as supplying hotel & restaurant needs; 4) Providing understanding to the community to actively participate in BUMDes and educating the community about the importance of BUMDes as a locomotive for accelerating village economic growth. Suggestions and requests from village officials, so that Community Service activities can evaluate both previous activities or strategic plans that have been designed by Nyuhtebel Village.

Sustainable Corporate Social Responsibility Program as an Effort for Community Adaptation to Climate Change, Case Study in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency

Climate change is currently a very troubling problem in the world. Indonesia is also one of the countries affected by climate change This also happened in the Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The impact of climate change can be seen directly in the Bukit Batu area with the emergence of disasters that occurred there, in the coastal area the perceived impact is an increase in tidal water levels every year which causes tidal flooding and abrasion, in addition to the problems in peat areas that often occur. There are land and forest fires during the summer season and flooding in the rainy season. Through the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program of PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional Unit Sungai Pakning,like “Program Kampung Iklim”, “Kampung Gambut Berdikari”, “Permata Hijau Pesisir Gambut”, “ Sekolah Cinta Gambut” programs, the community around the company began to be able to adapt in various ways with the assistance provided by the company and government too. So that with the CSR program, the community will be able to live sustainably. In addition, collaboration between stakeholders is also very helpfull for the success of the program in supporting community adaptation efforts to climate change. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe the condition of the area affected by climate change with a purposive sampling procedure for the CSR program of PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional Unit Sungai Pakning. With this collaboration program, climate change problems have begun to be handle, such as in Pangkalan Jambi and Sungai Pakning Village.

Transaction Cost Analysis of Sustainable Management of Terubuk Fish (Tenualosa macrura) in the Waters of Bengkalis Riau

This research was conducted in a terubuk fishermen area in Bengkalis District (3 villages), Bukit Batu District (4 villages) in Bengkalis Regency; Sungai Apit District (2 villages), Siak Regency and Tasik Putri Puyu District (2 villages) in Meranti Islands Regency. The location is densely populated by fishermen with the largest fishery reserve in the waters of Bengkalis, Riau. This study was carried out to examine the transaction costs in the management of terubuk fish in Bengkalis waters. A survey was administered to collect primary data and secondary data through interview and focus group discussions with stakeholders relevant to Terubuk fisheries reserves (fishermen and the government). The transaction cost structure of terubuk fish management was determined using transaction cost analysis. Analytical method using the equation . The results of the study showed that the total transaction costs required in the management of terubuk fish in Bengkalis waters reported by the government reached IDR 1,505,134,000 for a year. Meanwhile, the transaction cost of fishermen was IDR 95,750,000 per year which is significantly lower than the one reported by the government. The cost included the decision-making costs, information costs, and joint operational cost.

Synergy of Institutional Partnerships in Realizing Village SDGs Through Utilization of Mangrove Fruits for Coffee

The problem in Bukit Batu District is the destruction of mangrove forests due to the logging of mangrove wood to be used as firewood, cerocok wood and charcoal wood, resulting in coastal abrasion of about 5 meters per year, even some villages in Bukit Batu District have shifted their coastline by about 200 meters. inland from the initial location due to abrasion. This incident is certainly contrary to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Moreover, currently there is a policy that is required by the ministry of villages, development of disadvantaged areas and transmigration to all villages in Indonesia through the use of village funds to realize the Village SDGs through one of the village typologies, namely villages that care about the marine environment. The purpose of this service is to realize the Village SDGs, the village government is experiencing difficulties due to limited resources and knowledge, it is necessary to have a synergistic institutional partnership between the village government, community, universities and companies to facilitate the achievement of the Village SDGs. The method used is a participatory method by inviting people to care about the marine environment. Furthermore, providing knowledge by introducing the use of non-timber mangroves such as mangrove fruit for coffee. The success of this activity is judged by the changes in community activities and routines to preserve the mangrove ecosystem. Increasing public awareness and knowledge that mangrove ecosystems can provide social, economic and environmental benefits in accordance with sustainable development goals.

Karakteristik Spasial Data Hotspot MODIS Tahun 2019 Di Kota Palangka Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

Forest and land fires in Palangka Raya City are events that almost occur every year during the dry season, forest and land fires in 2015 were recorded as one of the worst incidents in recent years. Fires in Palangka Raya City during the period January – August 2019 reached approximately 1222 hectares. The aim of the researcher to load the spatial data above is to help complete the data and be a reference in researching the spatial characteristics of the 2019 MODIS hotspot data in Palangka Raya City by examining the spatial characteristics of the MODIS hotspot data to predict forest and land fires, as well as to provide the latest information on hotspots. hotspots and the location of hotspots that need to be watched out for. The method used in this study is a combination of spatial analysis and fieldwork to obtain an overview of the spatial characteristics of the spatial data. The results of this study show that the distribution of MODIS hotspots in 2019 in the city of Palangka Raya is highest in the Sabangau sub-district while the lowest is in the Bukit Batu sub-district, with high and medium confidence levels, during a prolonged dry season and due to land clearing activities by burning. The characteristics of the MODIS hotspot in the city of Palangka Raya have 21 spatial characteristics in general consisting of vegetation types in the form of broadleaf acacia plants at sapling level, shrubs, conversion of agricultural land, and housing with road, river and peat distribution accessibility in the city of Palangka Raya.

Analysis of the Level of Abrasion on the Coast of Bukit Batu Sub-District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau

The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of shoreline change and the level of abrasion in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province based on several physical variables in the coastal area. End Point Rate (EPR) is a method that can be used to calculate the rate of shoreline change by displaying transects according to their category (high abrasion, medium abrasion, low abrasion, stable, and accretion). From 1991-2021 there was an abrasion of ±139.71 meters equivalent to ±4.65 m/year which mostly occurred in Sukajadi Village and Pangkalan Jambi Village, while accretion of ±27.51 meters equivalent to ±1.58 m/year mostly occurred in Pakning Asal Village and Sejangat Village. Moderate abrasion is the predominant type. Sukajadi and Pangkalan Jambi are villages that have experienced high levels of abrasion. The area affected by abrasion has moderate and fast currents as well as coastal protection in the form of mangroves, most of which have been damaged and require repairs. Therefore, the main factors causing the abrasion are thought to be the lack of coastal protection and high-speed currents and waves flowing from the Malacca Strait.