Edifice Research Articles

Investigating the Islamic Architecture By Focusing on the City of Yazd, Iran

This research aimed to investigate Islamic architecture and its architectural impact on the city form and building structure in the Islamic world. This research's theoretical base was founded on the frequently used term 'Islamic architecture' in the literature that allegedly has created its physical expression. The method of literature review was used to confirm whether 'Islamic architecture' created its iconic physical structures. The Iranian city of Yazd was selected as a case study to document if any identified element in the ancient city of Yazd was affected by the so called 'Islamic architecture'. The reviewed literature revealed no agreement among researchers to confirm that there is a recognised physical form, theory, or method to represent 'Islamic architecture' in the Islamic world. This finding and literature review point to a clear conclusion that there was no typical form of architectural design that could show the existence of so-called 'Islamic architecture' all over the Islamic world. This paper may stimulate and excite the Islamic advocates’ interest to further investigate and introduce evidence of recognised physical form or iconic structure to portray Islamic architecture.

Analisa Level Kinerja Struktur Pada Bangunan 12 Lantai Dengan Metode Pushover

There have been many earthquakes in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. There was a fairly large earthquake, one of which was in 2009 with a magnitude of 7.6 on the Richter scale centered in Padang Pariaman, causing damage to vulnerable structures and loss of life. Therefore, evaluating the seismic vulnerability of buildings before an earthquake occurs is an important step in preventing damage to buildings and loss of life. In this study, a pushover analysis was carried out to determine the level of structural performance. The method used is a 12-storey building where both the existing building and its detailed properties are known, modeled using the Software Structural Analysis Program (SAP2000) Version 23. From the analysis results, the structure of the 12-storey building will experience the first yield point when given the 3rd pushover load, both at in the X-direction and Y-direction and the building structure will collapse when given the 10th pushover load in the X-direction and the 8th in the Y-direction. The performance level of the 12-story building structure is included in the Damage Control (DO) category level for the X-X direction, which means the transition between Immediate Occupancy (IO) and Life Safety (LS). Meanwhile, in the Y-Y direction, the structure is included in the Immediate Occupancy (IO) category level. Thus, in this case the building is still able to withstand the burden of the earthquake that occurred, the building can also be used again when it has received the earthquake load and the risk of human casualties is relatively small.

Light Planograph for Insolation Energy Characteristics of Buildings and Territory of Multi-Storey Structures Modelling

This article discusses the problems associated with physical and hygienic studies aimed at determining the influence of insolation – an important climatic factor – on the light, radiation and thermal regime of buildings, and territories in urban development. The article proposes the design of an insolation device of a flatbed type, known as a Svetoplanograph‑2, which can be widely used in solving architectural, construction, urban planning, and energy problems in summer in regions with a warm climate. A method of step-by-step assessment of the insolation-light-thermal regime of buildings and territories with a complex morphological structure of buildings, which is a model of the energy characteristics of insolation, has also been developed. The use of a tablet-type device makes it possible to solve practical urban planning tasks, providing an opportunity to calculate and evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the insolation regime in order to improve the environmental and climatic situation in urban buildings and development in the summer. The developed method of forecasting the insolation regime using a tablet-type device is the basis for modelling the energy state of insolation in a human environment in buildings and territories of cities with a hot climate.

ANALISIS IDENTIFIKASI KONDISI STRUKTUR BANGUNAN

In order to carry out maintenance and upkeep activities, the first thing that must be done is to identify the condition of the building while paying attention to the various causes of damage that occurs and plans for future use of the building. The Master of Management Building, Faculty of Economics and Business, Pancasila University is a building that is more than 20 years old and requires repairs. Structural damage investigations are needed to assess building damage to determine the level of damage as an initial step in the process of identifying the level of building damage. This activity aims to assess the level of damage at the case study location. The initial stage of assessing the level of damage is carried out by carrying out visual observations of all building components. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach which focuses on identifying the condition of the building structure. The data collection process was carried out by field observation and interviewing respondents (staff, employees, lecturers, work units at the study location, and faculty leaders) to find out the building's previous function and future plans. Analysis of the condition of the building structure and formulation of follow-up recommendations is prepared by involving experts (building structural experts). The research results showed that from visual observations, no damage was found, especially to the structural elements of the building. However, to plan to restore the building's function, a number of follow-up efforts are required, such as carrying out tests using the Non-Destructive Test (NDT) method, strengthening several structural elements including installing foundations on additional structural parts, and replacing the shape and material of the roof covering.

A deep reinforcement learning framework to modify LQR for an active vibration control applied to 2D building models

Abstract Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for optimizing control policies in various fields. In this article, we explore the use of DRL for controlling vibrations in building structures. Specifically, we focus on the problem of reducing vibrations induced by external sources such as wind or earthquakes. We propose a DRL-based control framework that learns to adjust the control signal of a classical adaptive linear quadratic regulator (LQR)-based model to mitigate the vibration of building structures in real-time. The framework combines the proximal policy optimization method and a deep neural network that is trained using a simulation environment. The network takes input sensor readings from the building and outputs signals that work as a corrector to the signals from the LQR model. It demonstrates the approach’s effectiveness by simulating a 3-story building structure. The results show that our DRL-based control approach outperforms the classical LQR model in reducing building vibrations. Moreover, we show that the approach is robust for learning the system’s dynamics. Overall, the work highlights the potential of DRL for improving the performance of building structures in the face of external disturbances. The framework can be easily integrated into existing building control systems and extended to other control problems in structural engineering.

Alternatif Perancangan Struktur Atas Gedung Kuliah IAIN Kota Palu Sulawesi Tengah

The use of steel structure material as a building structure has not been as widespread as in other countries, generally steel material is used to build bridges. But if you use the strength of the steel structure as a working load bearer, it will result in a stronger profile design, and easy to implement. In this research uses a steel structure as the construction of the IAIN Palu Lecture Building has a fourfloors with a building length of 83.25 m, a building width of 70 m and a building height of 16.8 m. This research re-plans with a steel frame in its structure. This building planning refers to SNI 1726:2019, SNI 1727:2020, and SNI 1729-2020. Software used ETABS v.19 and Autocad 2019. Load analysis in the form of dead load, live load, and earthquake. The primary beam B1 WF 800.300.14.26; B2 WF 582.300.12.17; B3 WF 390.300.10.16 and L1 WF 340.250.9.14; column K1 WF 900.300.16.28; K2 WF 350.350.12.19.; and K3 WF 700.300.13.24.

Study of BP and RBF Neural Networks Applied to the Prediction of Vibration Characteristics in Static Blasting of Dry Ice Powder

The novel dry ice powder static blasting rock breaking lacked working standards, especially for the vibration safety assessment of the construction site for the protection of the building structure, in comparison with the traditional drill and blast method which had a proven operational process and safety specifications. The Sadovsky vibration velocity prediction formula could only predict the vibration velocity and was project specific. Oscillation parameters that needed to be considered in the vibration safety assessment, such as the dominant frequency of vibration, could not be obtained through empirical formulas. Using the five parameters of hole depth, blast center distance, dry ice powder mass and rock classification as the main influencing factors, BP and RBF neural network models were constructed by Matlab software to predict the peak vibration velocity, main frequency and maximum displacement of dry ice powder blasting. Projection results revealed that it is structurally simpler than the BP neural network and that the RBF was more accurate in predicting the target than the BP network. The results of the study had significant implications for the safe application of the new technology, and more samples of field data need to be obtained in the future, along with the use of more advanced predictive modelling.

STUDY AND COMPARISON OF STRUCTURE HAVING DIFFERENT INFILL MATERIALS USING ETABS

Reinforcement concrete structure frame system widely used around the world. In building structure, structure element is generally taken as Beam, column, foundation. The dead & live load is transferred from beam to column, column to footing then ultimately load distributed into the soil. The wall load is taken by beam. In building design, we mentioned the whole wall on the beam is possible, if it is not possible, we taken concealed beam into the slab below the wall. During the analysis of frame structure, we consider wall as non-structural element. But including walls in the structure analysis is play important role. This study deals with the examination of the impact of infill in structure and their behaviour in structure. In present situation high rise building constructed with the various type of infill wall materials. Some of them generally use for example red brick, AAC wall, Hollow concrete block, lightweight Aluminium & Steel panels. So three types of models are created on ETABS software. In this study 9 storey high rise building is designed in ETABS with taking 3 infill materials like Fly Ash brick, AAC block and Hollow concrete block taken for study which on the most critical earthquake zone IV analysis (Dynamic) is done using ETABS, soil properties assumed medium and importance factor is taken 1.2 . The all three infill wall models compare with the basic design parameter like moment, shear force, displacement. The all three models that I passed under seismic loading helped me to reach the conclusion on how all three models perform in the case of seismic loading. And by comparing the percentage growth in the displacement and storey drift we can decide the most efficient building. Because the AAC block has the lowest density hence it should have the least moment generated compared to other bricks almost 20-30 percent difference is expected. And the model with Strut member should have least deflection compared to other models. The difference of 15-20 percent is expected atleast. Keywords: ETABS, Structural Analysis, masonry infill, RC frame, earthquake, displacement, drift, base shear, AAC blocks, Hollow concrete block, Bending moment, Diagonal Strut

К вопросу о развитии методов измерения вибрации строительных конструкций

Vibration processes contain useful information about the properties of both the signal source and the medium in which they propagate. Control of vibration parameters of structures is an integral part of monitoring. There are various methods and means of measuring vibration processes in building structures, as well as their registration. The development of technology and electronics allows us to steadily improve the parameters of vibration sensors, reduce their dimensions and create fundamentally new sensitive elements. Examples are given of vibration measuring equipment used by the staff of the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics for testing large-scale building structures over the past 25 years. The results of vibration measurements of large-scale structures are shown, as well as the evolution of the natural frequency of a building structure during its long-term monitoring.

Research on estimation and control methods of natural frequency of irregular building structure vibration

With the continuous increase in the number of irregular buildings, ensuring the safety of building structures has become the primary concern. The study used finite element analysis to estimate the natural frequency of vibration of irregular building structures, and further designed a fuzzy control algorithm combined with magnetorheological dampers to improve their seismic performance. The research results showed that the longitudinal and transverse natural frequencies of Model 1 were 10.44 Hz and 10.51 Hz, respectively, while those of Model 2 were 10.31 Hz and 9.89 Hz, respectively. Using the fuzzy control method, the peak displacement of the building structure was reduced to 11.64 cm, and the peak acceleration was 7.9 m/s2. Comparing the open-plus-closed-loop control with open-loop control methods, it was found that although the fluctuation amplitude of the open-loop control method was relatively large, its control effect was poor, while the open-plus-closed-loop control methods had good overall control effect, with the peak acceleration of 8.26 m/s2 in the open-loop control. The study provides an accurate method for estimating the natural vibration frequency of irregular building structures and demonstrates the effectiveness of the designed fuzzy control algorithm in controlling building vibration.

Experimental Study on Wave Transmission Coefficient of Double Cylindrical Floating Breakwater in a Wave Basin

Floating breakwater is a better alternative than the conventional method. It is an effective coastal engineering unit used to protect coastal regions such as harbours and marinas from erosive waves. It has many other applications such as offshore renewable energy generation, infrastructure preservation, temporary structure, and provides a controlled environment for aquaculture activities. The floating breakwater such as the double cylindrical floating breakwater (DCFB) is claimed to have effective wave attenuation characteristics. A lab scale investigation was done by placing the DCFB in a controlled wave basin in with wave generator to generate wave and wave gauge to quantify the wave transmission coefficient. The wave transmission coefficient represents the effectiveness of the breakwater system in attenuating incoming waves, where an effective breakwater system will result in a low transmission coefficient value. In this study, the DCFB’s effectiveness in terms of wave transmission coefficient was investigated with two different configurations where the spacing between the cylinders of the DCFB units are 0.2 m and 0.6 m respectively. Results show that the configuration of DCFB units with 0.5 m cylinder spacing are more effective in absorbing incoming wave height resulting in lower transmission coefficient. Furthermore, some prospective areas had been identified for future enhancement.

Analisis Perbandingan Efesiensi Biaya dan Waktu pada Pondasi Sumuran dan Pondasi Tapak Pembangunan Gedung Tipikor Polda Aceh

The foundation is a building structure located under the building. The foundation cannot be separated from the building structure because it is a structural part whose function is to transmit the load from the upper structure to the supporting soil layer beneath it to prevent collapse of the soil or settlement of the structural system. This research compares the costs and time required for pit foundation work with site foundations, with the aim of finding out whether the planned costs and implementation time have the same efficiency or not. The purpose of this research is to find out how much bearing capacity there is in the well and site foundations, how much costs are needed to plan the well and site foundations, and how long the implementation time is required. The method used in this research is a comparative study (Comparison). The comparative or comparison method is research that uses the technique of comparing an object with another object. The objects being compared, the comparative method is carried out to compare the similarities and differences of two or more facts and properties of the object being studied. From the calculation analysis, the bearing capacity of the well foundation was obtained at 1950 KN with a cost of IDR 469,046,724 and an implementation time of 78 days. Meanwhile, for the site foundation, the foundation bearing capacity was obtained at 451.11 KN at a cost of IDR 174,598,298 and a construction time of 56 days.

Horizontal displacement at the top of the building with frame and shear walls structures according to TCVN 2737:2023

When designing the structure of a high-rise building, it is important to consider not only the load-bearing capacity of the entire building but also the issue of limiting horizontal displacement at the top of the building. In this study, the author used Etabs software to analyze and compare the horizontal displacement at the top of a building. The study focused on two different types of structural system: frame system (consisting of columns, beams, and floors) and shear walls (which consists just of reinforced concrete walls). The analysis was conducted in accordance with Vietnamese standards on loads and impacts, specifically TCVN2737:2023. The wind loads were applied to the geometric center of the structure. Research results suggest the impact of horizontal displacement at the top of high-rise buildings is significant. Additionally, it has been observed that the shear walls system shows an increased horizontal displacement value compared to the frame system.

Implementation Of Tadabbur Al-Qur'ân Surah Al-Fâtihah In Constitutional Political Education

Surah Al-Fâtihah, as the greatest surah in the Qur'an, can be obtained, evaluated and tested for the truth of its knowledge through five levels of understanding (Fiqh), namely: Fiqh al-Lughah (Language and the Nature of Knowledge), Fiqh al-Munâsabah (Correlation and Building Structure of Knowledge), Fiqh al-Hidâyah (Instructions and Methods for Obtaining and Testing the Truth of Knowledge), Fiqh al-Idârah (how to Manage the Benefits, Solutions and Neutrality of Knowledge), and Fiqh al-Hadârah (ways of Knowledge solve the problem). The tadabbur analysis of Surah Al-Fâtihah was carried out using an integration approach of three perspectives, namely: First, the perspective of the Philosophy of Science, Second, the perspective of Bloom's Taxonomy regarding the Dimensions of Knowledge, and Third, the perspective of the Tadabbur Methodology. Through a combination of the three perspectives, it can be formulated that Surah Al-Fâtihah is a surah which means Opener, has a philosophy of meaning of victory (Al-Fath) based on openness; both thoughts, heart (beliefs and emotions), and attitudes (behavior and morals). In the context of Constitutional Politics, this Surah inspires constitutionalism as the spirit needed in the formation of a Constitution. Up to the level of the Living Constitution which contributed to the civilization of all humans in the world. This research aims to determine the concept of implementing the Quranic tadabur Surah Al-Fatihah in constitutional politics

Carbon emission measurement of the envelope of a university teaching building in Hefei City

Abstract In response to the challenges posed by global warming, China has formulated dual carbon goals. In this context, the construction industry, a key carbon emitter, is vital for implementing energy-saving and emission-reducing strategies. This study zeroes in on the pivotal role of building envelope structures in carbon emissions, with a focus on a university building in Hefei. Commencing with onsite measurements to gather initial data, the study leverages simulation software to conduct an in-depth analysis. Employing orthogonal experimental design and variance analysis, it meticulously assesses the carbon emissions associated with different materials used in exterior walls, roofs and windows, considering both the material production and building operation phases. The research scrutinizes the impact of these materials on carbon emissions, with a special focus on the performance of seven distinct building retrofit schemes. Key findings of the study underscore that the type and thickness of exterior wall materials substantially influence carbon emissions during the production phase. Conversely, the choice of window materials emerges as more critical in reducing emissions during the building operation phase. The implementation of the various retrofit schemes demonstrates a tangible reduction in overall building carbon emissions. Specifically, these schemes yield a yearly reduction in carbon emissions of 2.96–3.62 tons during operation and a substantial decrease of 30.36–165.97 tons in the production phase, compared to the original structure of the case study building. These insights not only offer practical and viable strategies for the construction industry’s low-carbon development but also provide theoretical underpinnings and references for future building designs and retrofits.

Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pada Monumen Perjuangan Rakyat Bali

Indonesia's cultural wealth as an ancestral heritage requires protection so that the values of wisdom are preserved. In the era of globalization, education has an important role in shaping character and passing on cultural heritage. The ethnomathematics approach, which combines mathematics and culture, is a bridge to integrate culture in education. An ethnomathematics exploration of the Monument to the People's Struggle in Bali reveals mathematical concepts in the structure of the historic building. This research used an ethnographic and exploratory approach with a focus on the Bali People's Struggle Monument. Data consisted of observation, literature study, and documentation. Analysis was conducted to identify mathematical concepts, especially in geometry, using a taxonomy approach. The Monument to the Struggle of the Balinese People reflects the story of the play of Mandara Giri with the symbols of Lingga and Yoni. The building structure has an 8-square plan and the Asta Dala lotus flower. The symbol of struggle is reflected in the number of steps, the Supreme pillar, and the height of the monument, depicting the date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. In the ethnomathematics exploration, geometry concepts such as square, octagon, right triangle, trapezoid, rectangle, circle, isosceles triangle, parallelogram, and tube were identified in the building structure of the Bali People's Struggle Monument.

Low-carbon efficiency assessment for Hong Kong's oceanic artificial cities applying the novel prefabricated diaphragm wall technology

Oceanic artificial cities built by reclamation are vital for addressing the future sustainable development of land in Hong Kong. However, traditional cast-in-situ (CIS) construction methods face issues such as significant environmental impacts and low durability, making it challenging to meet the requirements of low-carbon and resilient development. To address these challenges, a novel low-carbon construction technology for oceanic artificial cities is proposed: prefabricated two-wall-in-one diaphragm wall (PTDW). This study aims to address the comprehensive assessment and decision-making issues of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and load-bearing performance. First, the adaptability of PTDW technology to oceanic artificial cities is introduced. Second, the Carbon-mechanics Dual-control Assessment Model-Section level (CDAM-SL) is established. Finally, CDAM-SL is used to assess the GHG reduction efficiency of construction technologies for oceanic artificial cities. The results reveal the following key findings: (1) The Bearing Property Indicators (BPI) of the PTDW-Cavity scheme surpass the CIS scheme across the construction and operation phases. (2) Comparing to the traditional CIS scheme, the GHG emissions of the PTDW-Cavity scheme are reduced by 33.31% (8.65 t CO2e). This reduction is primarily attributed to PTDW technology, which eliminates the temporary enclosure structure construction. Furthermore, the refined PTDW technology significantly decreases the GHG emissions of precast components and enhances drainage performance. (3) The GHG reduction efficiency of the PTDW-Cavity scheme consistently outperforms the CIS scheme across both phases. Consequently, PTDW technology demonstrates significant advantages in load-bearing performance and GHG emissions reduction. The research findings provide a theoretical foundation and applicable tool for the comprehensive assessment and decision-making of low-carbon construction technology for oceanic artificial cities.

Application of amplified damped outrigger in seismic design of high‐rise buildings

SummaryThe application of the outrigger technology effectively improves the lateral stiffness of buildings, reduces harmful deformation, enhances the seismic resistance of structures, and contributes to the rapid development of high‐rise buildings. To improve the response speed and energy dissipation of a viscous damping outrigger under seismic excitation, a viscous damping outrigger with an amplifier was proposed, and its effectiveness was verified by combining it with the seismic design of a 149.2 m high‐rise building in an 8.5‐degree intensity area. To determine the additional damping ratio of the building structure, investigations were carried out using both the code method and energy ratio method to evaluate the contribution of the damping outrigger. The damped outrigger equivalent stiffness determination method was studied, and the simplified engineering calculation method was compared against the refined finite element analysis results for engineering design purposes. The displacement amplification technique incorporated into the viscously damped outrigger can enhance the damper response speed, and increase the energy dissipation of the damped outrigger system. The application of an enlarged damped outrigger in engineering can result in an additional damping ratio of approximately 1% while simplifying the calculation method based on the additional damping and equivalent damper cut‐line stiffness, which can be useful in engineering design.

Evaluating the impact of construction-induced vibration on nearby structures when building road embankment in Hanoi

Vietnam is currently undertaking numerous transportation and infrastructure projects in urban areas, particularly in densely populated cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. These cities have high traffic density and frequent traffic congestion, which necessitates the use of construction equipment such as vibratory rollers and pile drivers. However, these machines can cause vibrations that affect the surrounding structures. This study investigates the impact of roller compaction-induced vibration on the building structure of Ring road No.2 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The finite element method (Plaxis 2D) was applied to evaluate the impact of vibration on surrounding structures. The maximum measured velocity is similar to the values derived from numerical analysis. The Finite element method (FEM) results exhibited a high degree of correlation with the actual velocity measurement and frequency dominant structure responses caused by ground-borne vibration induced by roller compaction within the frequency range of 5 Hz to 10 Hz.

Optimization of hybrid platform for high-tech equipment and building vibration mitigation using evolutionary algorithms

In this paper, an ideal fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithm is designed for micro vibration control of a hybrid platform which is placed on a second floor of the building subjected to traffic-induced ground vibrations. A hybrid platform is one that can be utilized to safeguard high precision equipment from vibrations caused by traffic, machinery, and natural hazards like earthquakes while it is situated with in the building structure. A fuzzy system is employed to obtain the appropriate control force of active actuators, and the fuzzy system is then optimized using four evolutionary algorithms (EAs), which are population-based metaheuristic algorithms that were inspired by the nature. A microgenetic algorithm (µ-GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolutionary algorithm (DEA), and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) are used to optimize the FLC knowledge base and rule base. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed method in traffic-induced vibration control of a hybrid platform, a three-degree-of freedom (3-DOF) structure along with the platform is taken into account. Finally, utilizing the Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN)-vibration criteria and the absolute velocity of hybrid platform as the objective, the efficiency of the hybrid platform microvibration control is evaluated. The simulation results obtained from these novel EAs indicated that the actively controlled platform is efficacious in reducing microvibration of high-tech equipment. Based on the results, the PSO algorithm optimized fuzzy controller outperforms the other methods in terms of velocity levels of second floor of the building and hybrid platform.