Building Resilient Infrastructure Research Articles

Deep Learning Based Intrusion Detection in Cloud Services for Resilience Management

In the global scenario one of the important goals for sustainable development in industrial field is innovate new technology, and invest in building infrastructure. All the developed and developing countries focus on building resilient infrastructure and promote sustainable developments by fostering innovation. At this juncture the cloud computing has become an important information and communication technologies model influencing sustainable development of the industries in the developing countries. As part of the innovations happening in the industrial sector, a new concept termed as ‘smart manufacturing’ has emerged, which employs the benefits of emerging technologies like internet of things and cloud computing. Cloud services deliver an on-demand access to computing, storage, and infrastructural platforms for the industrial users through Internet. In the recent era of information technology the number of business and individual users of cloud services have been increased and larger volumes of data is being processed and stored in it. As a consequence, the data breaches in the cloud services are also increasing day by day. Due to various security vulnerabilities in the cloud architecture; as a result the cloud environment has become non-resilient. To restore the normal behavior of the cloud, detect the deviations, and achieve higher resilience, anomaly detection becomes essential. The deep learning architectures-based anomaly detection mechanisms uses various monitoring metrics characterize the normal behavior of cloud services and identify the abnormal events. This paper focuses on designing an intelligent deep learning based approach for detecting cloud anomalies in real time to make it more resilient. The deep learning models are trained using features extracted from the system level and network level performance metrics observed in the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) traces of the simulation. The experimental results of the proposed approach demonstrate a superior performance in terms of higher detection rate and lower false alarm rate when compared to the Support Vector Machine (SVM).

Measuring Societal Vulnerability to Critical Infrastructure Failure due to Extreme Weather Events

Climate change and the associated more frequent and unpredictable occurrence of extreme weather events are according to the Global Risk Report (2020), published by the World Economic Forum, among the top five risks today. Although the effects of extreme weather vary around the world and in regions, their effects on social – economic and natural systems are becoming increasingly important and require an active solution. In this context, it is important to address the individual areas of human society vulnerability, as their assessment is the basic information necessary for improving risk reduction and preparedness to extreme weather events. The paper underlines the importance of critical infrastructure as an asset or system whose disruption or destruction could have a range of serious implications for the performance of economic and social functions of the state and thus on the inhabitants in terms of their life, health, security, property and environment protection. It provides selection of past cases of extreme weather events having impacts on critical infrastructure in sector energy and transportation throughout Europe and their impacts on society. Subsequently own approach to measuring societal vulnerability due to impact of extreme weather event on critical infrastructure is presented. In conclusion recommendations supporting the proactive approach to building resilient critical infrastructure which contributes to resilient society are presented.

Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (DHS)

Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (DHS)

ESTIMATING CONTRIBUTION OF WATER FLOW COMPONENTS TO KAMENG RIVER BASIN USING HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING

Abstract. The Himalayas, also known as third pole of the Earth feed some of the major rivers of the world viz. Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra etc. The accurate assessment of water resources in eastern Himalayas is very important for respective policy makers. The detailed assessment of water resources and hydrological cycle component are very critical for attaining United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) such as affordable and clean energy, clean water and sanitation and building resilient infrastructure This study focuses on Kameng river basin, estimating the melt water & its contribution to the total discharge of the river. A 3-layer VIC model coupled with energy balance algorithm is used to estimate the patterns of melt and discharge profile in the region. Net contribution of melt water to the river were estimated to be about 18% during peak melt season in upper catchments. With advancement in technology, acquiring meteorological data via remote sensing has become more accurate & of high resolution. This data is one of the major inputs of the model. With accurate forecasting of these parameters, multipurpose hydropower projects in these regions can plan well in advance thus playing a major role in Integrated Water Resource Management. In current study the coefficient of determination & Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency were calculated to be 0.82 & 0.71 respectively. With increasing population in the region, any substantial change in the streamflow will have consequences unknown as of now, thus making this study a necessity & need of hour.

Recognizing New Trends in Brain Drain Studies in the Framework of Global Sustainability

Scholars had been documenting the Brain Drain phenomenon producing scientific literature for more than 50 years. After three decades of slow but steady progress, literature about this concept has accelerated its progress and growth path, in line with the 9th sustainable development goal “Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation” Thus, the present article aims to define the current theoretical trends about the analysis of advanced intellectual human capital’s international migratory phenomenon. This study uses a scientometric methodology on a corpus of 1212 articles indexed to the JCR-WoS from Social Sciences. The period covered in the study is from 1965 to 2020. The paper looks to understand how researchers studied the brain drain concept over the last 55 years in various disciplines. The report covers 99 categories from the Journal Citation Report (JCR) index. Results show that there is a scientific research critical mass that is studying the brain drain phenomenon. The analysis shows thematic trends at the sources, discourses, and consolidates classic works and some novel authors. Those new scholars and theoretical trends lead to refocused analysis beyond countries with a high development level. Such movement constitutes a new challenge in this line of research toward studying the effects of the brain drain in the peripheral areas of knowledge production.

Building a resilient infrastructure: challenges of rural transportation in Soba Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Purpose: Despite the economic importance of rural transportation, it is often being neglected. This study is aimed at identifying the challenges of rural transportation in the Soba Local Government Area to recommend measures for tackling them. Research methodology: Both interview and observation methods were applied in data collection and purposive sampling was adopted in choosing rural areas covered by the study. However, 140 interviewees were asked from five areas chosen. The interviewees were transporters, commuters and other stakeholders in rural transportation. Descriptive and inferential techniques were used in data analysis. Results: The results revealed that road conditions were in a deplorable state, about 39% of interviewees considered them bad and only 25% said they were good. About 43% of the interviewees said transport fare was expensive. About 41% of vehicles used were in bad shape, 84% of the interviewees said passengers often spend more than 30 minutes to get a vehicle. The result also showed that there was a significant relationship between good transportation network and economic development. Limitations: The scope of the study should have been wider to cover the whole eleven political wards of the local government area. The sampling method used might not necessarily give a true reflection of what happens. Contribution: Rural transport contributes immensely to the development of the world. It creates jobs, access to markets and infrastructure. This study is consistent with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goal 9 and 11. Which are aimed at building resilient infrastructure and settlements. Keywords: Local, Government, Area, Rural, Transportation

A National Evaluation of State and Territory Roles in Hazard Mitigation: Building Local Capacity to Implement FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grants

This article describes the findings of a national survey of State Hazard Mitigation Officers (SHMOs) in U.S. states and territories in order to gain a greater understanding of the roles that they play in assisting local governments to build the capacity required to successfully develop and implement Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-funded Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grants, an important but understudied aspect of hazard mitigation governance. The research questions focus on: (1) How states and territories enable local governments to develop and implement HMA grants and (2) SHMOs’ opinions regarding their perceived capacity and effectiveness in assisting local governments to develop and implement HMA grants. Results show that while states and territories are relatively well-equipped to perform general administrative duties required by FEMA, SHMOs expressed wide variation in their capacity to assist local governments to develop and implement HMA grants. This was particularly evident with regard to the delivery of specific technical assistance measures required to develop HMA grants. Survey responses also highlight modest levels of participation in FEMA-designed efforts to delegate responsibility to states and territories and low levels of participation in programs that offer pre-application funding to local governments to help them develop HMA grant applications. These findings should concern FEMA as the agency embarks on the implementation of the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities program, an ambitious pre-disaster hazard mitigation grant initiative.

ROLE OF EARTH OBSERVATION DATA AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELING IN SUPPORTING UN SDGs IN NORTH WEST HIMALAYA

Abstract. The sustainable usage and accurate assessment of water resources in North West Himalaya (NWH) is very important for respective policy makers. NWH receives precipitation from both southwest and northeast monsoon system. The detailed assessment of current and future water resources and hydrological cycle component for NWH river basins using earth observation (EO) satellites and hydrological models is very critical for attaining United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) namely, climate action, affordable and clean energy, clean water and sanitation and building resilient infrastructure. Present work highlights the role of various EO sensors and hydrological models and ground based instruments for improved assessment of water resources of NWH river basins. The complete inventory of NWH surface water (including glacier lakes of UK, HP), snow cover, delta SWE and glaciers database was accomplished with Remote Sensing (RS) datasets. Similarly, glacier velocity was estimated for all major glaciers of NWH using feature tracking and differential interferometry (DInSAR) methods. Fully distributed grid based hydrological model was setup for entire NWH and model calibration/validation was done for Beas, Satluj, Upper Ganga and Jhelum river basins. Quantification of relative contribution of snowmelt, glacier melt and rainfall-runoff was estimated for Bhagirathi basin upto Uttarkashi. An extensive network of automatic weather stations (AWS), 27 nos, 10 snow depth sensors, 04 digital water level recorders, two snow pack analysers and 06 long wave solar radiation sensors were installed in various sites of HP and UK for hydro-meteorological data collection, model simulation and validation. A future climate change simulations were done for Beas and Jhelum basins using CORDEX 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios from 2006–2100. Number of flood peaks were found to be increasing in number as well as decrease in total snow fall.

Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (DHS)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 44, Issue 18 p. 4-5 Grants Alerts Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (DHS) First published: 17 August 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.31245Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume44, Issue1820 August 2020Pages 4-5 RelatedInformation

Bouncing forward: a resilience approach to dealing with COVID-19 and future systemic shocks.

Policy questions are often framed in popular discussion as situations where pulling the right levers will get the economy and society back on track after shocks and crises. This approach ignores how systems interact and how their systemic properties shape socioeconomic outcomes, leading to an over-emphasis on a limited set of characteristics, notably efficiency. We argue that this emphasis on efficiency in the operation, management and outcomes of various economic and social systems is not a conscious collective choice, but rather the response of the whole system to the incentives that individual components face. This has brought much of the world to rely upon complex, nested, and interconnected systems to deliver goods and services around the globe. While this approach has many benefits, the Covid-19 crisis shows how it has also reduced the resilience of key systems to shocks, and allowed failures to cascade from one system to others. This paper reviews the impact of COVID-19 on socioeconomic systems, discusses the notion of resilience, and provides specific recommendations on both integrating resilience analytics for recovery from the current crisis as well as on building resilient infrastructure to address future systemic challenges.

Challenges for the European steel industry: Analysis, possible consequences and impacts on sustainable development

The steel industry in the European Union (EU), important for the economy as a whole, faces various challenges. These are inter alia volatile prices for relevant input factors, uncertainties concerning the regulation of CO2-emissions and market shocks caused by the recently introduced additional import duties in the US, which is an important sales market. We examine primary and secondary effects of these challenges on the steel industry in the EU and their impacts on European and global level. Developing and using a suitable meta-model, we analyze the competitiveness of key steel producing countries with respect to floor prices depending on selected cost factors and draw conclusions on the impacts in the trade of steel on emissions, energy demand, on the involvement of developing countries in the value chain as well on the need for innovations to avoid relocations of production. Hence, our study contributes to the assessment of sustainable industrial development, which is aimed by the Sustainability Development Goal “Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation countries”. By applying information on country-specific Human Development Indexes (reflecting aspects of life expectancy, education, and per capita income), we show that relocating energy-intensive industries from the EU may not only increase global energy demand and CO2-emissions, but may also be to the disadvantage of developing countries.

Measuring Societal Vulnerability to Critical Infrastructure Failure Due to Extreme Weather Events

Climate change and the associated more frequent and unpredictable occurrence of extreme weather events are according to the Global Risk Report (2020), published by the World Economic Forum, among the top five risks today. Although the effects of extreme weather vary around the world and in regions, their effects on social – economic and natural systems are becoming increasingly important and require an active solution. In this context, it is important to address the individual areas of human society vulnerability, as their assessment is the basic information necessary for improving risk reduction and preparedness to extreme weather events. The paper underlines the importance of critical infrastructure as an asset or system whose disruption or destruction could have a range of serious implications for the performance of economic and social functions of the state and thus on the inhabitants in terms of their life, health, security, property and environment protection. It provides selection of past cases of extreme weather events having impacts on critical infrastructure in sector energy and transportation throughout Europe and their impacts on society. Subsequently own approach to measuring societal vulnerability due to impact of extreme weather event on critical infrastructure is presented. In conclusion recommendations supporting the proactive approach to building resilient critical infrastructure which contributes to resilient society are presented.

Assessing and strengthening organisational resilience in a critical infrastructure system: Case study of the Slovak Republic

Critical infrastructure is a system that consists of civil infrastructures in which disruption or failure would have a serious impact on the lives and health of the population. It includes, for example, electricity, oil and gas, water supplies, communications and emergency or healthcare services. It is therefore important that technical resilience and organisational resilience is provided continuously and at a high level by the owners and operators of these civil infrastructures. Organisational resilience management mainly consists of continuously assessing determinants in order to identify weak points early so that adequate security measures can be taken to strengthen them. In the context of the above, the article presents a method for Assessing and Strengthening Organisational Resilience (ASOR Method) in a critical infrastructure system. The essence of this method lies in defining the factors that determine organisational resilience and the process of assessing and strengthening organisational resilience. The method thus allows weaknesses to be identified and the subsequent quantification of positive impacts that strengthen individual factors in organisational resilience. A benefit from applying this method is minimizing the risk and subsequent adverse impact on society of critical infrastructure system disruption or failure. The article also contributes to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, namely Building Resilient Infrastructure. The ASOR method namely contributes to the development of quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure. Finally, the article presents the results of this method’s practical application on a selected electricity critical infrastructure entity in the Slovak Republic.

CO2 Emission - the Leading Environmental Threat to India

The 2030 Agenda of 17 Sustainable Development Goals is to promote well being, peace and prosperity among people at presents and future. Goal 9 focuses on “Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”. The score of this goal according to Sustainable Development report is 33.1. Air pollution is the top killer in the world (Thomson Reuters 2018), every year all countries face heavy natural calamities disaster which results in huge human loss and financial losses thereby leading to global inequality and environmental injustice. The most important source of global warming is Tropical deforestation, rising the release of different gases into the atmosphere, burning of fossil fuels etc. Increase in CO2 emissions will produce more heat, thereby directly affecting our natural resources which results in more disease and increase in water level. Almost all countries contribute to the rise of carbon emission, the Paris agreement pledges that nearly 200 nations will limit global warming to 3C. India is the second largest populated country, it has launched the smart city project, Government wants to implement 100 smart cities, and it is worth to develop 100 smart villages. Smart class rooms, good and healthy environment and hospitals must be focused and developed in villages, which will act as a tool to achieve 2030 Goal. Based on the above theory the current paper attempts to study the world and region wise data regarding the human impacts of fossil-fuel pollution, Worlds’ Ranking on fossil fuel CO2 emissions rates, waterless economies, Investment potential and opportunities in cities by region and sector to 2030 etc. Secondary data of various sources from Sustainable Development report, water polluted report, Carbon dioxide Information Analysis, world bank, etc., is collected. Simple graphs, growth rate, percentage analysis, data visualization techniques are used to verify the above objective, based on the detail discussions, policy suggestions are provided

What Does Sustainability in Communications Mean?

In 2015 the United Nations General Assembly adopted a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that are to be reached by the year 2030. In essence, these goals are an attempt to resolve the issue of the “Great Divergence” between industrially developed and undeveloped countries. SDG 9, labeled “Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure,” is focused on building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and fostering innovation. Communications systems are the core of a huge industry, thrive on innovation, and are a critical element of the infrastructure of modern societies. So, the clear message is that communications systems must themselves be sustainable over the long term and are also essential for the realization of the collective SDG. The question is, what stands in the way of realizing these goals? Examines these issues.

Companies and UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the important connection between corporate longevity, social responsibility and intellectual property rights (IPR) assets in the context of sustainability. Society is demanding greater transparency of the footprint corporate entities leave on the planet as a result of how their business model is activated. The private sector response necessary to operate sustainably in the long term is critically examined specifically in connection with the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (SDG 9). SDG 9 aims to ‘Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation’. Certain characteristics of companies in the century club are contrasted with those of the younger MNEs with IP-reliant digital business models to illustrate the important connection between innovation, IP, sustainability and corporate longevity.

Vulnerability assessment in urban areas exposed to flood risk: methodology to explore green infrastructure benefits in a simulation scenario involving the Cañaveralejo River in Cali, Colombia

Building resilient infrastructure is one of the major challenges faced by cities due to increasing urbanization rates and climate change. Furthermore, the application of vulnerability assessment frameworks is a significant challenge that requires the appropriate tools for decision makers. This text analyses an ongoing green infrastructure (GI) project in the city of Cali, Colombia, by presenting the assessment methodology and identifying the main benefits and vulnerability reduction possibilities resulting from the intervention. The main objective of this research focuses on (1) assessing the impact of flood risk in urban areas using GIS techniques; (2) mapping and quantifying vulnerability reduction due to the intervention in a simulation scenario; and (3) exploring the feasibility of GI projects as a tool for decision-making processes.

The quest for achieving United Nations sustainability development goals (SDGs)

Purpose: This paper aims to provide some insights on how progress towards United Nations Sustainability Development Goals – SDGs- can be achieved by organisations. The focus is on two different contexts of UK and Brazil with a specific focus on SDG 9: “Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation” and SDG 12: “Responsible consumption and production”. Design/methodology/approach: This is a viewpoint paper with drawing from literature mainly from UN documents, UK and Brazilian governments and practitioner publications. Findings: A future research agenda is proposed, with four suggestions: (1) understand the context of SDGs, (2) Prioritise SDGs according to sector, (3) develop a common language, (4) Better understand how digital technologies can help sustainability and (5) system thinking application to SDGs. Research limitations/implications: The paper provides a viewpoint, so one of the limitations is that no data that has been specifically collected or analysed for the questions proposed. Nevertheless, it provides a good discussion point. Practical implications: The implications to practice, managers can place their own practical experience on progress towards SDGs with the future research agenda proposed in this paper. Social implications: SDGs are concerned with all aspects of sustainability including social development. This paper provides some insights on the different context that develop and developing countries observe. Originality/value: This paper highlights the potential different challenges and opportunities that the implementation of SDGs 9 and 12 poses in both developed and developing economies.

A Comparative Analysis of Coordination, Participation, and Training in Post-Disaster Shelter Projects

The delivery of post-disaster shelter assistance continues to be fraught with challenges derived from the coordination of resources, involvement of project stakeholders, and training of households and builders. There is a need to better understand what project elements in the delivery of post-disaster shelter projects most influence resilience and sustainability. To address this need, we examined nineteen post-disaster shelter projects in the Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan. We first characterized coordination, participation, and training employed across the planning, design, and construction phases of shelter projects and then used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to assess the influence of these elements, alone and in combination, on building resilient and sustainable community infrastructure systems. Findings show that early involvement of households in planning efforts, combined with subsequent training, was important in evolving recovery outcomes. Our results point to the importance of: (1) supporting household sheltering processes over delivering hard products; (2) strategically linking project processes across phases; and (3) aligning humanitarian actions with long-term development. Conclusions from this study contribute to theory of sheltering in developing communities and more broadly to theory of recovery processes that link to community resilience and sustainability.

Innovation in sustainable development: an investigation of the EU context using 2030 agenda indicators

In the literature of field innovations, it has always been presented as the most important factor to achieve both the economic growth and the employment growth. Supporting innovations is also one of the aims of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation). The measurement of the innovation level of world economies has been of interest for several years for both economic theoreticians and practitioners. However, the real innovation level of world economies can be evaluated on the basis of a much more limited set of diagnostic features available in official statistics. That is why the main objective of the work is to assess the level of innovation of the European Union Member States based on the composite index which was proposed by authors using variables indicated in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development strategy. The following specific objectives have been formulated as part of the main objective: (i) comparing the level of innovation of EU Member States based on the results of the ranking constructed by the authors; (ii) simplifying the tools for assessing activities undertaken under the 2030 Agenda strategy; (iii) building a tool that will allow for a long-term assessment of the effectiveness of measures to strengthen innovation within the framework of the sustainable development policy indicated in the 2030 Agenda; (iv) comparison of the results of the conducted research with the Summary Innovation Index (SII) published in the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS), which in the literature on the subject is one of the most frequently used rankings for assessing the level of innovation in European countries. The comparative analysis carried out here is intended to highlight that the level of innovation of European Union member states can be described equally well on the basis of a limited set of diagnostic features. The taxonomic measure of development based on the Weber median vector was used in the paper to assess the innovation level of the EU Member States. The research was conducted based on the indicators applied by Eurostat to monitor the implementation of Goal 9 of the 2030 Agenda. The applied method and the results obtained can be used in subsequent years to examine the direction of changes observed also from the point of view of the particular EU Member States in the area of the application of innovations for the implementation of sustainable development policy.