Abstract
The delivery of post-disaster shelter assistance continues to be fraught with challenges derived from the coordination of resources, involvement of project stakeholders, and training of households and builders. There is a need to better understand what project elements in the delivery of post-disaster shelter projects most influence resilience and sustainability. To address this need, we examined nineteen post-disaster shelter projects in the Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan. We first characterized coordination, participation, and training employed across the planning, design, and construction phases of shelter projects and then used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to assess the influence of these elements, alone and in combination, on building resilient and sustainable community infrastructure systems. Findings show that early involvement of households in planning efforts, combined with subsequent training, was important in evolving recovery outcomes. Our results point to the importance of: (1) supporting household sheltering processes over delivering hard products; (2) strategically linking project processes across phases; and (3) aligning humanitarian actions with long-term development. Conclusions from this study contribute to theory of sheltering in developing communities and more broadly to theory of recovery processes that link to community resilience and sustainability.
Highlights
Disaster events continue to affect millions of people annually [1], disproportionately impacting developing countries [2]
Definitions of hazard resilience are diverse, yet disaster literature converges on two points: resilience is best conceptualized as a set of abilities or capacities, and it is better explained as adaptability, rather than stability [25]
We note that resilience is not static; it continues to change over time; indicators measured at a single point in time can predict how infrastructure, social, and economic systems will respond in the face of a future disaster
Summary
Disaster events continue to affect millions of people annually [1], disproportionately impacting developing countries [2]. We focus on the outcomes of resilient and sustainable infrastructure, and three processes hypothesized to influence these outcomes: coordination [10,11], participation [12,13], and training [14,15]. Each of these processes is a recurring theme in disaster scholarship due to their notable links to long-term outcomes. We note that resilience is not static; it continues to change over time; indicators measured at a single point in time can predict how infrastructure, social, and economic systems will respond in the face of a future disaster. A more thorough discussion of criteria used for the inclusion of these indicators can be found in the Supplementary Information, S1
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